The article presents the results of 2016-2020 study of the characteristics of growth and development of the pannonian clover variety Snezhok, bred at the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the ...North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky, while using the herbage for seeds. Uneven-aged herbage was assessed in the breeding nursery of 2016 sowing according to the characteristics of winter hardiness, the duration of individual interphase periods of development, plant height, structure of seed herbage, fruiting and seed yield. The overwintering of plants in all the years of research was high ‒ 100%. With an increase in the age of the stand, the prefloral (from growing to the beginning of flowering) and growing seasons from 47 to 72 and from 92 to 125-130 days (days) were lengthened. The height of plants in the phase of maturation of heads and seeds with the age of the stand also increased from 66.6 (1 year of use (y.u.)) to 97.1 cm (4 y.u.), the tendency of herbage to lodging increased from 0 (1 y.u.) to 30.9% (4 y.u.). In the first year of seed use (the 2 nd year of life (y.l.)), the minimum values of such structural indicators as the number of stems and heads per 1 m2 (245 and 151 pcs.), The content of generative stems in the total amount (42.8%), weight of seeds per 1 m2 (15.3 g). Starting from the 2 nd y.u. the listed structure indicators significantly increased and herbage stands were formed annually for three years, allowing them to be classified as highly productive: with the stem density of 366-405 pcs / m2 and a share of generative ones in them - 59.0-84.2 %, the number of heads - 350 -500 pcs / m2 , seed weight - 31.5-46.1 g / m2 . The level of seed productivity of pannonian clover depended to a greater extent on the age of the stand than on weather conditions during the period from regrowth to seed ripening. It was revealed that the biological (potential) seed yield in favorable years with sufficient technical support can reach 4.33 c/ha, while the actual (economic) average over the years of research was 0.54 c/ha, with changes from 0.20 (2017) up to 0.74 c/ha (2020).
In the conditions of the Kirov region, the productivity of seeds of four complex hybrid populations (SGP) of red clover was studied, including those formed against an infectious fusarium background ...(SGPF). The research was carried out in the nursery for evaluating the seed productivity of 2017 sowing in comparison with the standard (st.) Dymkovsky for 2 years of use (y.u.). The characteristics of the SGP and SGPF according to winter hardiness, the start of vegetation phases of development, plant height, structure of seedgrass stand, yield and quality of seed material are given. All studied varieties were more productive than the standard (1.97 c/ha). Reliably high seed yield on average for 2 years was shown by SGPF-158-3 – 2.48 c/ha, SGP-188 – 2.32 c/ha, SGPF-157-3 – 2.16 c/ha. According to fruiting indicators, in 2019SGPF-158-3 with small heads, but with the largest number of flowers and seeds (132.2 and 77.4 pcs., respectively), good seediness (58.8 %) and high seed weight per head (0.153 g) was selected. Also, high rates were noted in the populations of SGPF-157-3 and SGPF-160-3. A strong correlation between seed yield and fruiting rates was revealed: the number of flowers in the head (r = 0.92), the total number of seeds in the head (r = 0.92), the number of filled seeds in the head (r = 0.94), the seediness of the head (r = 0.90), the total weight of seeds in the head (r = 0.85), the mass of filledseeds in the head (r = 0.87). A close positive correlation was noted between the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) value and length (r = 0.86), width (r = 0.86) of the red clover head during the intergrowth period “regrowth - the beginning of flowering”. It has been established that the average daily air temperature and the sum of effective temperatures during the “beginning of flowering - ripening” period have a positive effect on the fruiting performance: “seediness of the heads” (r = 0.97 and r = 0.87) and “the number of seeds in the head” (r = 0.95 and r = 0.89, respectively). In the same interphase period, a close negative dependence of the indicated fruiting indices on the HTC values was revealed (r = -0.95 and r = -0.94). The sowing qualities of the seeds of the 2019 harvest were determined; it was found that all seed material corresponds to the category of “original and elite seeds”. As the result of the research, the populations of red clover SGPF-158-3, SGP-188 and SGPF-157-3, superior to st. Dymkovsky on seed productivity (by 0.51; 0.35 and 0.9 c/ha, respectively, LSD05 = 0.12 c/ha) and fruiting indicators, were selected.
The article presents the results of a long-term study (2014-2018) of the biological characteristics of growth and development of plants of the introduced species – red feather clover (Trifolium ...rubens L.) when growing grass stands for seeds in the soil-and-climatic conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region. The species was assessed for winter hardiness, the duration of the growing season, plant height, structure of seed grass stand, seed productivity and seed quality. Winter hardiness of red feather clover in all years of cultivation was high (more than 80 %). The development of plants took place according to the mid-season type: depending on the conditions of the year of growth, they reached the flowering phase for 61-75 days; ripening phase – for 82-105 days from the beginning of regrowth. The duration of grass stand flowering was 14-40 days, ripening – 15-39 days. During the phases of development, the species is responsive to changes in the meteorological conditions of the year of study. In the first and second years of life, the active formation of the root system of plants took place, therefore, taking into account the structure of the seed grass, the height of the plants, the density of the stalk and the proportion of generative stems in the grass, the number of heads and the weight of seeds per 1 m
2
was lower than in subsequent years. Productive in seeds grass stand was formed since the third year of life and reached a plant height in the flowering phase of 49.2-56.2 cm, in the ripening phase – 50.4-63.4 cm. It was characterized by the density of the stems standing of 1019.7-1151.6 pcs/m
2
with the proportion of generative stems – 96.0-99.6 %, the number of mature heads – 978.9-1147.0 pcs/m2 and seed productivity – 18.8-55.0 g/m
2
. Seed production was regular, despite strong fluctuations in yield. The seed material was of high quality: seed germination – 94-100 %, germination energy – 58.3-81.3 %, and was characterized by 1000-seed mass of 2.25-2.38 g, hard seed content – 9.1-20.0 %.
We studied the effects of combined chemotherapy with doxorubicin/docetaxel on erythroid and granulocytic
hematopoietic
lineages with particular attention focused on their recovery in patients with ...stages III-IV breast cancer. Intensification of differentiation of erythroid and granulocytic CFU (even under conditions of their suppressed proliferation) provided the increase in the content of mature and morphologically differentiated elements in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. High proliferative activity of erythroid and granulomonocytic precursors resulted from enhanced production of hematopoiesis-stimulating activities by microenvironment elements.
The article presents the results of research work on the assessment of general combining ability (GCA) and specific
combining ability (SCA) in 14 varieties of meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.) of ...various ecological and geographical
origin (Russia, Belarus). The study was aimed at identifying the best varieties according to productivity indicators for inclusion into the breeding process in the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region. The study of initial cultivars and their hybrid
forms F1 was carried out in the field experiment of 2009 with two-year use of grass stand (2010, 2011). The characteristics of
cultivars according to the main morphological and biological characteristics (winter hardiness, length of the vegetative period, plant height, grass stand vigour) and economically significant indicators (collection of raw and dry phytomass, seed yield)
in comparison with the zoned Dymkovsky variety are given. All varieties showed high winter hardiness in the conditions of the
Kirov region (more than 79 %). By productivity of green mass the varieties Karmin, Trio, Stodolich (Russia) were selected.
They provided significantly high productivity for 2 years of grass stand use (5.52-5.81 kg/m
2
, +2.01-2.30 kg/m
2
to standard)
and were characterized by medium value of GCA (104.2-109.6 %) and very high SCA (123.7-139.3 %). According to the total
collection of dry phytomass, the best varieties were Karmin and Gefest (Russia) with a significantly high level of productivity
(1.28; 1.29 kg/m
2
, +0.49; 0.50 kg/m
2
to standard), medium GCA (102.4; 103.2 %) and very high SCA (133.3; 134.4 %). By seed
yield, the most productive Russian varieties are Stodolishchensky, Trio and Svetlyachok (74.2-82.6 g/m
2
, +8.8-17.2 g/m
2
to
standard) with very high GCA (125.5-139.8 %) and SCA value of medium and high level (106.6-118.7 %). According to the
results of the study, for further breeding work the following meadow clover cultivars of Russian research institutes breeding were included as components of new polycross populations: early-matured Karmin and Trio, late-matured Gefest and
Svetlyachok.
The paper presents the results of resource studies of wild medicinal plants of the Western Baikal. The area of thickets, productivity, operational stock and volumes of possible annual procurement of ...raw materials of the studied species are determined, 10 species are recommended for industrial blanks for the needs of the region and for Russia, 5 species are recommended for regional and district use. The collection of medicinal raw materials is possible subject to scientifically grounded recommendations on the procurement of medicinal plants, taking into account the frequency of collection and the possible annual removal of raw materials from a specific territory.
The structure and thermal stability of Cu-18Nb multicore composite fabricated by repeated cold-drawing of in situ melted mixture of Cu and Nb and subjected to high-pressure torsion (HPT) have been ...studied by SEM, TEM, X-ray analysis and microhardness measurements. In the cold-drawn state ribbon-like Nb filaments the thickness of 30-70 nm are located in Cu-matrix with sharp texture Nb║ Cu║drawing axis. The Nb lattice is distorted, the interplanar spacing (110)Nb being extended along the drawing axis and compressed perpendicular to it, which testifies a semi-coherent character of Cu/Nb interfaces. At annealing these distorsions gradually vanish, and coagulation of Nb ribbons starts at 400С, actively develops at 600С and finishes at 800С with the formation of sausage-like filaments with round transverse sections, which is accompanied with about two-fold decreasing of microhardness. Under the HPT the composite structure is considerably refined, and almost equiaxed grains the sizes of 20-30 nm are formed, which gives rise to a dramatic increase of microhardness. The thermal stability of Cu-Nb composite after cold drawing and HPT is appreciably higher than that of pure Nb and Cu nanostructured by severe plastic deformation.
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