Using prostatic fluids rich in glycoproteins like prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), the goal of this study was to identify the structural types and relative abundance of ...glycans associated with prostate cancer status for subsequent use in emerging MS-based glycopeptide analysis platforms.
A series of pooled samples of expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) and exosomes reflecting different stages of prostate cancer disease were used for N-linked glycan profiling by three complementary methods, MALDI-TOF profiling, normal-phase HPLC separation, and triple quadropole MS analysis of PAP glycopeptides.
Glycan profiling of N-linked glycans from different EPS fluids indicated a global decrease in larger branched tri- and tetra-antennary glycans. Differential exoglycosidase treatments indicated a substantial increase in bisecting N-acetylglucosamines correlated with disease severity. A triple quadrupole MS analysis of the N-linked glycopeptides sites from PAP in aggressive prostate cancer pools was done to cross-reference with the glycan profiling data.
Changes in glycosylation as detected in EPS fluids reflect the clinical status of prostate cancer. Defining these molecular signatures at the glycopeptide level in individual samples could improve current approaches of diagnosis and prognosis.
Teaching procedural skills in a clinical setting is becoming increasingly difficult. Simulators can provide safe and inexpensive skills training. This randomized study was conducted to evaluate the ...effectiveness of a bronchoscopy simulator in teaching clinical bronchoscopy.
Three groups of surgical residents were evaluated while performing an intraoperative flexible bronchoscopy. First year (PGY1) residents were randomly assigned to perform bronchoscopy either with (n = 5) or without (n = 5) preprocedural bronchoscopic simulator training (PreOp flexible bronchoscopic simulator, Immersion Medical, Gaithersburg, MD). Residents PGY2 to 3 (n = 3) with prior bronchoscopic experience (≥ 10 bronchoscopies) underwent evaluation without simulator training. Subjects were required to complete a systematic airway examination through a laryngeal mask airway with patients under general anesthesia. Evaluation criteria included procedure time, number of verbal and physical interventions by evaluator, and a rating of exam thoroughness, proficiency, and confidence.
The PGY1 subjects who trained on the simulator required significantly fewer verbal (6.2 ± 1.6 vs 3.2 ± 0.8) and physical (1.6 ± 0.2 vs 0.2 ± 0.4) cues and performed more systematic examinations (2.6 ± 0.5 vs 4.4 ± 0.9 on scale 1 to 5) than those who did not use the trainer. The skill level of PGY1 subjects who worked with the simulator was similar to that of PGY2 to 3 residents experienced in bronchoscopy. Procedural times were not different between groups as the evaluator maintained the pace of the examination using verbal and physical assistance.
One hour of training with the bronchoscopic simulator effectively taught residents basic bronchoscopy and familiarity with airway anatomy. Residents using the trainer performed first-time bronchoscopy nearly as competently as residents experienced with bronchoscopy.
Background: There have been reports of overhand throwing athletes having decreased joint position sense in their dominant shoulder as
compared with the nondominant shoulder. Very little research, ...however, exists concerning joint position sense in the female
athlete.
Hypothesis: Female softball athletes have decreased joint position sense in their dominant shoulder as compared with their nondominant
shoulder.
Study Design: Factorial design with investigation of multiple independent variables.
Methods: Joint position sense was assessed in 50 female softball players and 50 nonthrowing female athletes by using an inclinometer
during four glenohumeral joint motions. Both the dominant and nondominant shoulders were assessed and error scores were calculated
to describe joint position sense. Data were collected during the course of a fall semester and analyzed by using a mixed model
analysis of variance with repeated measures on the dependent variable (error scores).
Results: A significant group by movement interaction was observed, with the softball athletes demonstrating significantly greater
external rotation error scores than the nonthrowing athletes.
Conclusion: We failed to reject the null hypothesis. Increased error scores (less joint position sense) were observed in both arms of
subjects in the softball group.
Clinical Relevance: This study suggests that there is decreased shoulder proprioception in asymptomatic female athletes involved in overyhand
throwing sports, which may predispose them to injury.
This multicenter prospective cohort study compared pancreas volume as assessed by MRI, metabolic scores derived from oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), and a combination of pancreas volume and ...metabolic scores for predicting progression to stage 3 type 1 diabetes (T1D) in individuals with multiple diabetes-related autoantibodies.
Pancreas MRI was performed in 65 multiple autoantibody-positive participants enrolled in the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study. Prediction of progression to stage 3 T1D was assessed using pancreas volume index (PVI), OGTT-derived Index60 score and Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 Risk Score (DPTRS), and a combination of PVI and DPTRS.
PVI, Index60, and DPTRS were all significantly different at study entry in 11 individuals who subsequently experienced progression to stage 3 T1D compared with 54 participants who did not experience progression (P < 0.005). PVI did not correlate with metabolic testing across individual study participants. PVI declined longitudinally in the 11 individuals diagnosed with stage 3 T1D, whereas Index60 and DPTRS increased. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting progression to stage 3 from measurements at study entry was 0.76 for PVI, 0.79 for Index60, 0.79 for DPTRS, and 0.91 for PVI plus DPTRS.
These findings suggest that measures of pancreas volume and metabolism reflect distinct components of risk for developing stage 3 type 1 diabetes and that a combination of these measures may provide superior prediction than either alone.
We report a case of PELVIS (perineal hemangioma, external genital malformations, lipomyelomeningocele, vesicorenal abnormalities, imperforate anus and skin tag) syndrome in which hemangioma in the ...perineal area was misdiagnosed at birth as diaper rash. Investigations revealed associated vesicorenal and spinal abnormalities. We emphasize careful diagnosis of suspicious lesions at birth and confirm the successful use of propranolol in treating ulcerated segmental hemangiomas.
To examine arterial blood flow in the lower leg during warm-, cold-, and contrast-water therapy.
A crossover trial with repeated measurements on the dependent variable.
Hydrotherapy area of a ...climate-controlled sports medicine clinic.
A volunteer sample of 24 healthy men.
Four randomly assigned treatments were performed on each subject on consecutive days.
Arterial blood flow (mL per 100mL/min) from baseline measurements were recorded in a 3-minute to 1-minute on-off ratio for 20 minutes by using strain gauge plethysmography.
Contrast therapy produced fluctuations in blood flow throughout the 20-minute treatment. Warm-water therapy (40 degrees C) resulted in significant (P < .001) changes in blood flow compared with the control and contrast conditions. Cold-water therapy (13 degrees C) did not produce significantly decreased blood flow as compared with the control condition.
We suggest that further studies involving contrast therapy to the lower leg in injured populations be carried out to determine whether our initial findings are clinically relevant.
Introduction Mitchell, Thomas W; Powers, Erica Levine
The Urban lawyer,
01/2023, Letnik:
52, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In addition to these negative wealth impacts, families that have lost their heirs' property often have experienced a substantial decline in their quality of housing, a loss of a significant part of ...their family's heritage, and a deterioration of their physical and mental health, among other serious economic and noneconomic negative impacts. Chapters 4 and 5 highlight the role of grassroots organizations in recognizing the need for this reform, and in participating in important ways in the drafting of the UPHPA as well as in efforts to enact it into law in a number of states. Because the UPHPA will be considered in several more states over the course of the next few years, these lessons and experiences are extremely useful for those working for enactment. STRUCTURING FAMILY REAL PROPERTY OWNERSHIP IN MORE RATIONAL AND SUSTAINABLE WAYS The rules that govern heirs' property ownership-rules more generally known as the tenancy-in-common default rules-make this form of common real property ownership a form that sophisticated real estate, estate planning, and business lawyers strongly dissuade their clients from having. Families with sufficient resources often hire attorneys to help them structure the ownership of their family's real estate holdings in ways that ensure its stability over time and that allocate the rights and responsibilities various people have in connection with the properties-including, for example, how property taxes are to be paid-in a sensible and rational way.
Glycosylated proteins account for a majority of the posttranslation modifications of cell surface, secreted, and circulating proteins. Within the tumor microenvironment, the presence of immune cells, ...extracellular matrix proteins, cell surface receptors, and interactions between stroma and tumor cells are all processes mediated by glycan binding and recognition reactions. Changes in glycosylation during tumorigenesis are well documented to occur and affect all of these associated adhesion and regulatory functions. A MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) workflow for profiling N-linked glycan distributions in fresh/frozen tissues and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues has recently been developed. The key to the approach is the application of a molecular coating of peptide-N-glycosidase to tissues, an enzyme that cleaves asparagine-linked glycans from their protein carrier. The released N-linked glycans can then be analyzed by MALDI-IMS directly on tissue. Generally 40 or more individual glycan structures are routinely detected, and when combined with histopathology localizations, tumor-specific glycans are readily grouped relative to nontumor regions and other structural features. This technique is a recent development and new approach in glycobiology and mass spectrometry imaging research methodology; thus, potential uses such as tumor-specific glycan biomarker panels and other applications are discussed.
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