We analyzed long-term and annual groundwater level fluctuations in the Kamennaya Steppe Nature Reserve in Voronezh Region based on monitoring data from the Dokuchaev pit. This pit is a unique ...groundwater monitoring site with the longest observation period in Russia and Europe, amounting to 130 years. The specific feature of groundwater formation of the Quaternary horizon, penetrated by the the pit, is that the annual and multi-year regime of groundwater levels is determined by the dynamics of infiltration water exchange between groundwater and the surface. The analysis is based on an extensive factual record, including a long-term series of hydrogeological observations and meteorological database. A set of methods and approaches was used: statistical methods, correlation analysis, SURFBAL water balance calculations, etc. Cross-correlation analysis of water levels in the pit and other observation wells on the Quaternary horizon revealed that the Dokuchaev pit is a representative observation point to assess the patterns of fluctuations in groundwater levels in the Kamennaya Steppe. Based on the analysis of time series it was found that the observed dynamics of water level in the pit follows the course of the main regime-forming factors, i.e., precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, determining the excess or deficit of water for infiltration in a multi-year framework. An extreme decrease of the water level in the pit to its partial drying in 2020–2022, as observed during the last 15 years, relates to dynamics of these factors. Based on model studies, it was shown that there is a gradual transformation of the annual regime of fluctuations of water level in the pit in the late 20th and early 21st century compared with the mid-20th century due to changes in conditions of spring–winter absorption of moisture from the surface of the earth and the formation of infiltration recharge. However, it is not as significant as, for example, the transformation of river hydrographs in the Don basin.
This paper presents the numerical simulation results of cluster pumping test in a heterogeneous aquifer with transmissivity variability described by the model of a stationary random field of its ...logarithm with a given scale of correlation in the plan. The case of a comparable planar distance to observation wells and correlation scale is considered. The parameters of the model of transmissivity heterogeneity of the simulated aquifer have been obtained from the data of experimental tests carried out within the Yuzhno-Voronezhskoye groundwater field. The simulation has shown that the average results of interpretation of the cluster pumping data correspond to the geometric value of the transmissivity, which confirms the previously obtained approximate theoretical result for the model of small-scale heterogeneity and extends it to an important case of the similarity of cluster well test planar sizes and the spatial scale of heterogeneity. This study confirmed the possibility of applying standard methods in processing cluster pumping data under horizontal heterogeneity conditions to estimate the equivalent aquifer transmissivity in the well cluster location area.
Based on the actual meteorological data that characterize statistically significant changes in the air temperature and the amount of precipitation in the southwest of the Moscow artesian basin, the ...conditions that form the water balance and groundwater recharge are modeled. The comparison of the calculated longterm average values for the previous (1965–1988) and recent (1989–2012) periods made it possible to estimate the climate changes in the elements of water balance and groundwater recharge. Based on the maps of longterm average groundwater recharge for these periods, which were constructed using the results of modeling, the estimation of the change in natural resources of groundwater in the territory was performed, showing an increase of 9% (780000 m
3
/day).
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The relationship between groundwater recharge in a small river basin to the current and expected climatic changes in the European area of Russia has been analyzed using the catchment basin of the ...Zhizdra River (Kaluga Region) as an example. The analysis is based on modeling of moisture transformation processes on the earth’s surface and moisture transfer in the unsaturated zone. The global climate predictions of five CMI5 Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean General Circulation Models (GCM) have been applied to forecast the groundwater recharge in the second half of the 21st century using the LARSWG5 forecast weather conditions generator. Despite the fact that all used GCMs predict a warming by 2–6°C in the studied region, the difference in the predicted recharge values is still considerable due to the difference in the predicted dryness index.
•Integration of multi-scale data to build a dual-domain model.•Dual-domain modelfor the exponential low permeable layers thickness distribution.•Estimation of the effective mass transfer rate ...coefficient for long-term prediction.
Since 1963, liquid radioactive waste has been injected into deep artesian aquifer waste disposal sites at the Siberian Chemical Combine. The injection and overlaying zones are sandy clay formations with complex internal architectures. Therefore, obtaining relevant forecasts of long-term waste migration largely depends on accounting for the heterogeneity of water-bearing sediments. At present, it is impossible to create regional models that consider detailed hydraulic heterogeneity (due to the insufficient provision parameters and limitations of computing capacities). Therefore, for long-term forecasts of the migration of contaminants in groundwater, the solution is to use a dual-domain model.
To use a dual-domain model, one must set the mass transfer parameter. To estimate this parameter, the article proposes an approach using an auxiliary three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution model of hydraulic heterogeneity. This model was constructed using the transition probability/Markov chain geostatistical approach (TP/MC method) and detailed lithological analysis data of the sections of 295 boreholes in the Siberian Chemical Combine region, which were obtained by core studies and using geophysical methods for studying boreholes. An important feature of this model was that the thicknesses of the low-permeability hydrofacies have an exponential-like distribution with an average thickness of about 6 m. This thickness heterogeneity, as it appeared from the simulation results, essentially affects the overall subsurface contaminant spreading during long time. The effective mass transfer rate coefficient was obtained by processing the breakthrough curves of the flux concentrations by modeling horizontal migration on the auxiliary model, providing setting the highest weight coefficients in the “tail” part of the breakthrough curve. As a result of the selection, the effective mass transfer rate coefficient for the assessment of long-term subsurface waste migration for the conditions of the Siberian Chemical Combine was 6.4 × 10−8 day−1.
The results of 3D numerical simulation of coupled flow and transport processes of light-waste migration in heterogeneous aquifer with brine are described. The study is based on the geological data ...and monitoring of deep-well injection of liquid waste at Chepetsk Mechanical Plant (ChMZ, Glazov). The buoyancy of light waste is simulated for the post-injection period of 300 years using different conceptual models of heterogeneity. The procedure of 3D geostatistical simulation based on transition probability analysis with TSIM code of the reservoir heterogeneity is presented. The results of the ascending waste migration simulation using SEAWAT2000 code indicate that both the variable fluid density and the hydraulic heterogeneity must be considered in the forecast models for determining the possible waste distribution during the injection and the post injection periods.
Global climate warming disproportionately affects high-latitude and mountainous terrestrial ecosystems. Warming is accompanied by permafrost thaw, shorter winters, earlier snowmelt, more intense soil ...freeze-thaw cycles, drier summers, and longer fire seasons. These environmental changes in turn impact surface water and groundwater flow regimes, water quality, greenhouse gas emissions, soil stability, vegetation cover, and soil (micro)biological communities. Warming also facilitates agricultural expansion, urban growth, and natural resource development, adding growing anthropogenic pressures to cold regions' landscapes, soil health, and biodiversity. Further advances in the predictive understanding of how cold regions' critical zone processes, functions, and ecosystem services will continue to respond to climate warming and land use changes require multiscale monitoring technologies coupled with integrated observational and modeling tools. We highlight some of the major challenges, knowledge gaps, and opportunities in cold region critical zone research, with an emphasis on subsurface processes and responses in both natural and agricultural ecosystems.
Development of heterogeneity model of layered sandy-clay formation and impact of this model on transport is considered. The lithological data of more than 250 wells that captured 300 meters formation ...at the investigated area of 40 km
2
are used for model of heterogeneity construction. Two models of heterogeneity were developed with using these well data: TP/MC model based on 3D Markov chain simulation for four hydrofacies and 2D kriging interpolation of thicknesses of elementary lithological layers. Simulation of conservative transport by particle tracking algorithm shows that horizontal transport along layers is similar for both models. The main difference is in vertical transport cross formation bedding. The kriging interpolation model gives more conservative results than TP/MC model due to larger characteristic horizontal length of layers in the kriging model. As the result vertical effective hydraulic conductivity of formation is in two times larger and the first particle arriving time is in four times faster in TP/MC model.
Previous studies have shown that haloperidol biotransformation occurs with participation of the CYP2D6 isoenzyme. The CYP2D6 gene is highly polymorphic, which may contribute to differences in its ...activity and in the haloperidol biotransformation rates across different individuals, resulting in variable drug efficacy and safety profiles.
The study aimed to investigate the correlation of the 1846G> A polymorphism of CYP2D6 gene with the efficacy and safety rates of haloperidol in patients with alcoholic hallucinoses.
One hundred male patients received 5-10 mg/day haloperidol by injections for 5 days. The efficacy and safety assessments were performed using the validated psychometric scales PANSS, UKU, and SAS. For genotyping, the real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed.
We revealed no statistically significant results in terms of haloperidol efficacy in patients with different genotypes (dynamics of the PANSS scores: (GG) -13.00 -16.00; -11.00, (GA) -15.00 -16.75; -13.00, p = 0,728). Our findings revealed the statistically significant results in terms of treatment safety evaluation (dynamics of the UKU scores: (GG) 8.00 7.00; 10.00, (GA) 15.0 9.25; 18.0, p < 0.001; dynamics of the SAS scores: (GG) 11.0 9.0; 14.0, (GA) 14.50 12.0; 18.0, p < 0.001.
These results suggest that genotyping for common CYP3A variants might have the potential to guide benzodiazepine withdrawal treatment. The effect of of the 1846G>A polymorphism of CYP2D6 gene on the safety profile of haloperidol was demonstrated in a group of 100 patients with alcoholic hallucinoses.
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