Spiritual care is needed in a clinical setting to improve the patients' quality of life. Deep connection with another person and delight with the beauty of nature or art and (in some cases) with God ...are all transcendental experiences. They may enable patients to ascribe meaning to their life with a chronic illness, find hope and well-being despite burdening symptoms. The opposite situation: lack of inner peace, inability to accept what is happening, feeling disconnected from others is called spiritual distress.
The aim of this research is to assess spiritual distress and spiritual needs of a group of Polish chronically ill patients and find associations with independent variables in order to provide data for recommendations on spiritual care in Poland.
204 patients treated at the University Hospital and the Cystic Fibrosis Clinic in Poznan were surveyed in 2017 and 2018 with an original questionnaire.
Over half of the patients felt that their illness was life-threatening. A little more than half reported that faith was a resource to cope with suffering. Almost all patients showed signs of spiritual distress, and more than half expressed spiritual needs. The intensity of distress correlated only with the severity of the disease. The most important predictor of having spiritual needs was recognizing faith as a resource.
Spiritual needs are associated with personal beliefs; however, spirituality spans beyond the religious context since spiritual distress is unrelated to the level of religious devotion. Therefore, any patient with a severe chronic disease needs basic spiritual care, which includes being treated with compassion.
ABSTRACTThe work deals characteristics of new flax Hera variety in terms of fiber quality with regard to agronomic assessment and seeds quality. The results of the analyzes were related to the ...reference varieties Nike, Sara and Modran grown in Poland in 2022 season. The study included evaluation of agrotechnical experiment, flax straw and fiber evaluation taking into account the morphology and surface as well cross section of flax fiber. Moreover, seeds quality assessment were conducted. Hera variety was characterized by the highest total (6.27 t/ha, 0.627 kg/m2) and straw yield (5.16 t/ha, 0.516 kg/m2). Straw of Hera variety was characterized by the best average total (78.5 cm) as well as average technical (66.5 cm) length and average diameter (1.43 mm). In addition, it has fiber to raw straw content (16.42%) at a level comparable to the reference varieties. The metrological analysis of the fiber showed that the Hera variety fiber can be a good raw material for production of yarns.
Flax is one of the few plants that are entirely a source of raw materials for further production. Promising directions for the use of flax biomass may be the production of bioenergy in the form of 2G ...biofuels and the production of “green” composites. The aim of the study is to compare the biomass of fiber flax, linseed and dual-purpose varieties of cultivated flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) susceptibility to the biorefining processes. In the first stage of the research, based on the results of yield structure features and biometric measurements of plants, the most optimal flax line was selected for the fiber flax, linseed and dual purpose. Next, the forms of flax were pretreated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the chemical composition was determined and SEM images were taken. The obtaining of bioethanol process SFF (simultaneous saccharification and fermentation) was carried out. In addition, biodegradable polymers were modified with flax biomass, shapes were prepared, and the rheological and mechanical properties, as well as microbiological activity of biocomposites, were determined. The highest concentration of ethanol (8.72 g·L−1) and the greatest susceptibility to mold fungi of the biocomposites were obtained for the fiber flax variety PET 16/20.
