U ukupnoj svjetskoj proizvodnji vina, pjenušava vina zauzimaju oko 10 % udjela, od čega se više od 80 % proizvodi u Europi. Istovremeno, prodaja pjenušavih vina je prema podacima iz 2019. najbrže ...rastući segment svjetske trgovine vina, s kontinuiranim globalnim rastom u posljednjih 15 g. Unazad desetak godina i Hrvatska bilježi značajan porast proizvodnje pjenušavih vina, pri čemu se, kao jedna od vodećih vinogradarsko-vinarskih županija, posebno ističe Zagrebačka županija. Senzorna svojstva vina, kako mirnih tako i pjenušavih, definirana su njihovim vanjskim izgledom, intenzitetom i čistoćom mirisa, čistoćom i punoćom okusa te općim dojmom koji proizlazi iz sveobuhvatnosti navedenih parametara. Aromatski profil pjenušavih vina kompleksno je svojstvo definirano velikim brojem hlapljivih spojeva koji mogu nastati u samoj bobici tijekom dozrijevanja grožđa, zatim u procesu primarne i sekundarne fermentacije te u uvjetima dozrijevanja vina, prije i nakon postupka degoržiranja. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je definirati postojeća svojstva i kakvoću pjenušavih vina Zagrebačke županije kroz analizu pojedinačnih aromatskih spojeva metodom plinske kromatografije. Analize rezultata i stvaranje mirisnih serija za svaki uzorak, rezultirale su specifičnim aromatskim profilima te grupiranjem pjenušavih vina obzirom na različito područje (vinogorje) i metodu proizvodnje te korišteni sortiment.
The research of sanitary status and virus presence was conducted on three native Croatian grapevine varieties (Kujudžusa bijela, Zlatarica vrgorska and Trnjak crni) that are grown in Dalmatia ...region. The investigation was done on 492 vines from 31 vineyards. Vines were tested by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) on four main economic viruses: arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 and 3 (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-3) as a first step in clonal selection of these rare native grapevine varieties. Altogether, 40 vines were free of all tested viruses. The research confirms high rate of virus infection and eroded sanitary status of all investigated varieties. The above indicates necessity of implementation clonal and sanitary selection programme. Keywords: native grapevine varieties, ELISA, grapevine viruses, Dalmatia Istraživanje sanitarnog statusa provedeno je na tri autohtone hrvatske sorte vinove loze (Kujudžuša bijela, Zlatarica vrgorska i Trnjak crni) koje se uzgajaju u Dalmaciji. Istraživanjem je obuhvaceno ukupno 492 trsa iz 31 vinograda. Uzorci su podvrgnuti serološkom testu ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) za analizu na prisustvo cetiri gospodarski najvažnija virusa: virus mozaika lista vinove loze (ArMV), virus lepezastog lista vinove loze (GFLV), virus uvijenosti lista tip 1 i tip 3 (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-3). Od ukupnog broja prikupljenih uzoraka, njih 40 je bilo potpuno slobodno od prisutnosti istraživanih virusa. Ovo istraživanje potvrduje visok udio virusom zaraženih trsova te loš sanitarni status istraživanih sorata. Sve navedeno ukazuje na nužnost provedbe klonske i sanitarne selekcije. Kljucne rijeci: autohtone sorte vinove loze, ELISA, virusi vinove loze, Dalmacija
The research of sanitary status and virus presence was conducted on three native Croatian grapevine varieties (Kujudžusa bijela, Zlatarica vrgorska and Trnjak crni) that are grown in Dalmatia ...region. The investigation was done on 492 vines from 31 vineyards. Vines were tested by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) on four main economic viruses: arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 and 3 (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-3) as a first step in clonal selection of these rare native grapevine varieties. Altogether, 40 vines were free of all tested viruses. The research confirms high rate of virus infection and eroded sanitary status of all investigated varieties. The above indicates necessity of implementation clonal and sanitary selection programme.
Suočavajući se sa sve drastičnijim utjecajem klimatskih čimbenika na kemijski sastav grožđa, enologija traži i proučava nove metode u tehnologiji proizvodnje vina, posebice bijelih, kako bi se ...očuvale primarne arome te postigla ravnoteža između alkoholne jakosti i ukupne kiselosti. Kao jedno od rješenja nudi se primjena ne- Saccharomyces kvasaca. U ovom istraživanju analiziran je utjecaj sekvencijalne inokulacije komercijalnih sojeva Torulospora delbrueckii i Lachancea thermotolerans sa sojem kvasca Saccharomycem cerevisiae na vino ´Malvazija istarska´. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo inokulacije mošta s ne-Saccharomyces kvascima, a 48 h kasnije i sa sojem S. cerevisae te kontrolnu varijantu isključivo sa S. cerevisae. Ne-Saccharomyces kvasci utjecali su značajno na koncentraciju alkohola, mliječne kiseline te pH vrijednost. Fermentacija sa S. cerevisiae utjecala je na višu koncentraciju ukupnih aromatskih spojeva u vinu. Intenziteti boje i mirisa najbolje su ocijenjeni u kontrolnom uzorku, a metodom redoslijeda najbolje je rangirana ´Malvazija´ iz tretmana T. delbrueckii/ S. cerevisiae.
Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites and important organic compounds present in grapes, must and wine. The importance of polyphenolic compounds present in grapes is mainly related to the ...quality of the wine. Those compounds affect the colour, taste, astringency, bitterness, and potential of wine aging. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine and compare quantitative and qualitative changes in low molecular weight polyphenol content of 11 red grapevine varieties during ripening. Samples were collected periodically from the beginning of verasion to the technological maturity. The polyphenolic compounds were analysed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with prior lyophilization and extraction. Based on the obtained results, changes in the composition and content of researched groups of polyphenolic compounds during maturation were determined.
The aim of this work was to determine the effect of different drying treatments: freeze-drying, room-drying, and oven-drying on the grape phenolic composition of the 'Regent' and 'Cabernet Sauvignon' ...varieties. After drying, the samples were grounded, submerged to ultrasound-assisted extraction, and analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This study demonstrated that the use of different drying methods significantly affects the content of polyphenols in grape skins extracts. The greatest content of anthocyanins-diglucoside was preserved using freeze-drying, i.e. 15706.86 mg/kg for 'Regent', while the content of anthocyanins-monoglucoside was best preserved by room-drying, i.e. 216778.68 and 9220.30 mg/kg for 'Regent' and 'Cabernet Sauvignon', respectively. The highest content of flavonol glycosides (2583.04 and 1429.64 mg/kg for 'Regent' and 'Cabernet Sauvignon', respectively), hydroxycinnamic acids (1303.31 and 544.88 mg/kg for 'Regent' and 'Cabernet Sauvignon', respectively), and stilbene (2321.52 and 79.36 mg/kg for 'Regent' and 'Cabernet Sauvignon', respectively) was observed in the oven-dried samples. By applying freeze-drying the most optimal content of flavan-3-ol was preserved. Contents of polyphenolic compounds in oven-dried samples after 6 months of storage were almost identical to those in the samples analyzed immediately after drying. The greatest rate of degradation was observed in the room-dried samples while it was moderate in the freeze-dried ones. The results of this experiment demonstrate that it is necessary to dry samples in different ways to obtain the highest content of a certain polyphenolic group of compounds. The application of a drying method is determined by the goal of the final dried product in terms of content and composition of different polyphenolic compounds; thus, the obtained results could have an application in scientific research and for commercial purposes as well.
The investigation of virus incidence was conducted on 14 autochthonous Croatian grapevine cultivars on vines from 51 vineyards located in the Dalmatian region. A total of 1,116 vines were tested by ...ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) on nine viruses: Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1, 2, 3 and 7 (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3 and GLRaV-7), Grapevine virus A and B (GVA and GVB). ELISA confirmed presence of eight viruses: GLRaV-3 in 888 vines (79.6%), GVA 685 (61.4%), GLRaV-1 455 (40.8%), GFkV 223 (19.9%), GFLV 219 (19.6%), GLRaV-2 46 (4.1%), ArMV 36 (3.2%) and GVB 35 (3.1%). Altogether 93 vines (8.3%) were free of all tested viruses, 168 (15.1%) were infected with a single virus, 368 (32.9%) with two, 314 (28.1%) with three, 127 (11.4%) with four, 43 (3.9%) with five, and 3 (0.3%) vines with six viruses. Symptoms of premature leaf color change and downward curling of leaf blades were common, while abnormal branching, short internodes, double nodes and irregular ripening were detected sporadically. The investigation confirms deteriorated sanitary status of all cultivars except Grk and Plavina and indicates the necessity of intensifying grapevine clonal and sanitary selection programs.
The investigation of virus incidence was conducted on 14 autochthonous Croatian grapevine cultivars on vines from 51 vineyards located in the Dalmatian region. A total of 1,116 vines were tested by ...ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) on nine viruses: Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1, 2, 3 and 7 (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3 and GLRaV-7), Grapevine virus A and B (GVA and GVB). ELISA confirmed presence of eight viruses: GLRaV-3 in 888 vines (79.6%), GVA 685 (61.4%), GLRaV-1 455 (40.8%), GFkV 223 (19.9%), GFLV 219 (19.6%), GLRaV-2 46 (4.1%), ArMV 36 (3.2%) and GVB 35 (3.1%). Altogether 93 vines (8.3%) were free of all tested viruses, 168 (15.1%) were infected with a single virus, 368 (32.9%) with two, 314 (28.1%) with three, 127 (11.4%) with four, 43 (3.9%) with five, and 3 (0.3%) vines with six viruses. Symptoms of premature leaf color change and downward curling of leaf blades were common, while abnormal branching, short internodes, double nodes and irregular ripening were detected sporadically. The investigation confirms deteriorated sanitary status of all cultivars except Grk and Plavina and indicates the necessity of intensifying grapevine clonal and sanitary selection programs. Keywords: autochthonous grapevine cultivars, ELISA, grapevine viruses, symptoms Istrazivanje ucestalosti pojave virusa provedeno je kod 14 hrvatskih autohtonih sorata vinove loze na trsovima iz 51 vinograda na podrucju Dalmacije. Ukupno 1116 trsova je analizirano metodom ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) na devet virusa: virus mozaika gusarke (ArMV), virus lepezastog lista vinove loze (GFLV), virus pjegavosti vinove loze (GFkV), uvijenosti lista vinove loze pridruzene viruse 1, 2, 3 i 7 (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3 i GLRaV-7), A- i B-virus vinove loze (GVA i GVB). Metodom ELISA potvrdena je prisutnost osam virusa: GLRaV-3 u 888 trsova (79.6%), GVA 685 (61.4%), GLRaV-1 455 (40.8%), GFkV 223 (19.9%), GFLV 219 (19.6%), GLRaV-2 46 (4.1%), ArMV 36 (3.2%) i GVB 35 (3.1%). Sveukupno kod 93 trsa (8.3%) nije detektirana prisutnost istrazivanih virusa, kod 168 (15.1%) je utvrdena zaraza samo jednim, 368 (32.9%) sa dva, 314 (28.1%) sa tri, 127 (11.4%) sa cetiri, 43 (3.9%) sa pet i kod 3 (0.3%) trsa istovremena zaraza sa sest virusa. Simptomi prijevremene promjene boje lisca i uvijanja rubova plojke prema nalicju su bili dosta cesti, dok je nepravilno grananje, skraceni internodiji, duplih nodiji i neujednaceno dozrijevanje zabiljezeno sporadicno. Istrazivanje je potvrdilo lose zdravstveno stanje u pogledu zaraze virusima kod svih sorata osim kod Grka i Plavine, i ukazalo na nuznost intenziviranja programa klonske i zdravstvene selekcije. Kljucne rijeci: autohtone sorte vinove loze, ELISA, simptomi, virusi vinove loze
Polifenoli su sekundarni biljni metaboliti te važni organski spojevi prisutni u grožđu, moštu i vinu. Važnost polifenolnih
spojeva prisutnih u grožđu uglavnom je vezana uz kakvoću vina obzirom da ...utječu na boju, okus, astringenciju, gorčinu te
potencijal starenja vina. Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi i usporediti kvantitativne i kvalitativne promjene sadržaja polifenola male
molekulske mase u kožici grožđa 11 crnih sorata vinove loze tijekom dozrijevanja grožđa. Uzorci su prikupljani periodično
od početka šare do tehnološke zrelosti. Sadržaj polifenola u kožici boba utvrđen je tekućinskom kromatografijom visoke
djelotvornosti (HPLC) uz prethodnu liofilizaciju i ekstrakciju. Temeljem dobivenih rezultata utvrđene su promjene sastava
i sadržaja pojedinih grupa polifenolnih spojeva tijekom dozrijevanja.
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