Unutarsortna varijabilnost i klonska selekcija vinove loze/Intravarietal variability and clonal selection of grapevine Maletić, Edi (Agronomski fakultet Zagreb (Croatia)); Preiner, Darko (Agronomski fakultet Zagreb (Croatia)); Pejić, Ivan (Agronomski fakultet Zagreb (Croatia))
14th Serbian Congress of Fruit and Grapevine Producers with International Participation - Paper and Abstact Proceedings/14. Kongres voćara i vinogradara Srbije sa međunarodnim učešćem - Zbornik radova i apstrakata,
2012
Conference Proceeding
Long-term growing of grapevine and vegetative propagation without systematic selection is resulted by high level of intravarietal variability. It is mostly caused by mutations, which can positively ...or negatively influence on growing characteristics of grapevine varieties. Clonal selection is a process of genotypes (mutants) selection within variety populations, which are modified on some important variety characteristics. Clonal selection process is required in quality plant material production, with improved variety characteristics and guaranteed healthy conditions. Scientific researches of intravarietal variability and clonal selection methods improvement can highly contribute viticulture production development, and also, they are indirectly important for genetic resources preservation. It is of essential importance for countries with high number of autochthonous varieties, because of their revitalization process encouraging. In this paper we give an overview of methods and recent research of intravarietal variability, as well as grape varieties improvement through clonal selection processes, with state in Croatia, as an example of South East European country.
Prošek je desertno vino s kontroliranim zemljopisnim podrijetlom iz regije Primorska Hrvatska. Tradicionalna tehnologija proizvodnje podrazumijeva vinifikaciju grožđa sa visokim koncentracijama ...šećera što se postiže njegovim prosušivanjem na trsu ili u kontroliranim uvjetima. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi sadržaj polifenola u prošecima proizvedenih od 10 autohtonih sorata vinove loze koje se tradicionalno koriste u proizvodnji prošeka na području Dalmacije: Babić, Glavinuša, Grk, Lasina, Maraština, Plavac mali, Plavina, Pošip, Prč, Vugava. Utvrđene su značajne razlike između prošeka dobivenih od različitih sorata, ali generalno je sadržaj ukupnih fenola kod bijelih i kod crnih sorata viši nego u redovnim vinima ovih sorata. Sadržaj pojedinačnih fenolnih spojeva također se značajno razlikuje između sorata, a posebno je zanimljiv relativno visok sadržaj resveratrola utvrđen u prošeku proizvedenom od sorata Plavac mali, Babić i Glavinuša.
Grk je autohtona sorta vinove loze sa ženskim cvijetom koja se uzgaja na području primorske Hrvatske. Od 2006. godine provodi se klonska selekcija sorte Grk. U pokusni nasad “Baštica” 2007. posađeno ...je vegetativno potomstvo odabranih matičnih trseva s pozitivnim karakteristikama koji su ujedno pokazali odsutnost gospodarski štetnih virusa. Utvrđeno je kako između klonskih kandidata postoje visoko signifikantne razlike u svim mjerenim svojstvima. Također je utvrđeno da udio neoplođenih bobica tj. pasolina ima utjecaj na uvometrijske karakteristike, te kemijska svojstva mošta.
Provedena je i odgovarajuća statistička obrada podataka s ciljem utvrđivanja značajnosti razlika između klonskih kandidata na sva mjerena svojstva.
Sorta Moslavac, tj. Pušipel kao sinonim za ovu sortu, na području Međimurskog vinogorja smatra se jednom od najvažnijih sorata u razvoju vinogradarstva i vinarstva tog područja. Da bi se unaprijedila ...proizvodnja vina te sorte, pokrenut je 2010. godine postupak klonske selekcije kako bi se osigurao zdrav i kvalitetan sadni materijal te individualnom klonskom selekcijom izdvojili divergentni klonovi sorte. Ovo se istraživanje provodilo na matičnim trsovima sorte Moslavac koji su izdvojeni 2010. godine u postupku pozitivne masovne klonske selekcije te kod kojih nije utvrđeno prisustvo gospodarski štetnih virusa. U 2011. godini izdvojena su 32 bezvirusna matična trsa klonskih kandidata Moslavca kod kojih je provedena standardna ampelografska evaluacija koja obuhvaća opis putem OIV deskriptora te utvrđivanje najvažnijih gospodarskih karakteristika: prinosa, elemenata rodnosti, sadržaja šećera i kiselina u moštu, pH vrijednosti mošta, mehaničkog sastava grozda i bobice te uvometrijska istraživanja. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da među promatranim matičnim trsovima te sorte postoje značajne razlike u svim istraživanim svojstvima, a dobiveni rezultati usporedit će se u nastavku klonske selekcije s rezultatima koje će postići vegetativno potomstvo tih trsova u ujednačenim uvjetima pokusnog nasada.
U Hrvatskoj, kao i u svim mediteranskim zemljama, već se stoljećima njeguje tradicija proizvodnje grožđa i vina. Čitav niz geografskih i klimatskih osobitosti, ali i povijesno društvenih okolnosti, ...uvjetovale su da se tijekom stoljeća na malome teritoriju pojavi velika raznolikost sortimenta vinove loze.
U 19. stoljeću pojavom filoksere i kriptogenih bolesti te gospodarsko-ekonomskih neprilika dolazi do masovnog napuštanja tradicionalnog načina vinogradarenja te izumiranja brojnih sorata vinove loze. Znanstveni projekt „Ampelografska i genetička evaluacija autohtonih sorata vinove loze“ kao i niz stručnih projekata na Agronomskom fakultetu u Zagrebu pokrenuti su s ciljem detaljne evaluacije preostalog sortimenta vinove loze u Republici Hrvatskoj i njegove revitalizacije. U isto vrijeme aktivnom državnom politikom povećanja proizvodnih površina pod trajnim nasadima učinjeni su veliki koraci u procesu gospodarske revitalizacije određenog broja autohtonih sorata. Proizvodnja sadnog materijala vinove loze u razdoblju od 2004. godine do 2010. godine bilježi kontinuirani rast, a svoj vrhunac doživljava 2006. i 2007. godine. Povećanje proizvodnje vidljivo je i kod autohtonih sorata - kako po ukupnoj količini tako i po povećanju broja sorata.
U proizvodnji cjepova auohtonog sortimenta najveći udio zauzimaju tradicionalno najpopularnije sorte kao što su Plavac mali i Malvazija istarska, ali slijede ih i sorte Debit, Plavina, Babić, Maraština, Pošip, Žlahtina te neke druge sorte poput Crljenka kaštelanskog i Malvasije dubrovačke. Početak proizvodnje sadnog materijala određenog dijela autohonih sorata možemo povezati s rezultatima ranije navedenih projekata. Te činjenice govore o sve većoj popularnosti, ali i važnosti autohtonih sorata na hrvatskom vinskom tržištu, što svakako pridonosi reputaciji Hrvatske kao mediteranske zemlje vrlo bogate vinogradarske i vinarske kulture te očuvanih biljnih resursa.
Proline has been shown to accumulate in plants in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Exogenous proline has thus been used for improving some plant cryopreservation protocols. Further ...enhancement of cryopreservation efficiency for in vitro grapevines could be expected if stresses linked to cryopreservation procedures could be reduced. We therefore studied the possible beneficial effect of proline in grapevine cryopreservation. Single-node explants from in vitro grown grapevine plantlets (Vitis vinifera L. cv Portan) were cultured on shooting media (half-strength MS + 1 μM BAP) con- taining no proline (control) or 50, 500, or 2000 μM filter-sterilized L-proline. Shoot tips excised from these micro- shoots were subjected to a PVS2-based droplet-vitrification procedure. Control and rewarmed explants were grown on a recovery medium containing 1 μM BAP. Shoot development on control medium and lower proline concentrations did not notably differ whereas the highest concentration of proline inhibited shoot development. Carry-over effects were observed since lower survival and regrowth were obtained both for non-frozen or LN-treated explants excised from micro-shoots obtained on the 2000 μM proline medium. No significant differences in survival and regrowth were ob- served for non-frozen explants subjected to pretreatment without LN exposure. A slightly enhancing effect (although non-significant) on post-cryopreservation survival was observed for explants derived from shoots developed on 50 or 500 μM proline, but no significant improvement of regrowth percentage was observed for these two conditions. Al- though a slight increase in survival could be observed, no significant beneficial effect of proline pretreatment on post- cryoconservation regrowth could be evidenced in our conditions. However, the 2-week period before explant excision could have allowed at least partial metabolism and catabolism of exogenous proline; the results observed could thus have been the consequence of complex interactions. Shorter proline treatments applied closer to the actual LN exposure step might produce different results and allow for clearer interpretation.
Proline has been shown to accumulate in plants in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Exogenous proline has thus been used for improving some plant cryopreservation protocols. Further ...enhancement of cryopreservation efficiency for in vitro grapevines could be expected if stresses linked to cryopreservation procedures could be reduced. We therefore studied the possible beneficial effect of proline in grapevine cryopreservation. Single-node explants from in vitro grown grapevine plantlets (Vitis vinifera L. cv Portan) were cultured on shooting media (half-strength MS + 1 μM BAP) con- taining no proline (control) or 50, 500, or 2000 μM filter-sterilized L-proline. Shoot tips excised from these micro- shoots were subjected to a PVS2-based droplet-vitrification procedure. Control and rewarmed explants were grown on a recovery medium containing 1 μM BAP. Shoot development on control medium and lower proline concentrations did not notably differ whereas the highest concentration of proline inhibited shoot development. Carry-over effects were observed since lower survival and regrowth were obtained both for non-frozen or LN-treated explants excised from micro-shoots obtained on the 2000 μM proline medium. No significant differences in survival and regrowth were ob- served for non-frozen explants subjected to pretreatment without LN exposure. A slightly enhancing effect (although non-significant) on post-cryopreservation survival was observed for explants derived from shoots developed on 50 or 500 μM proline, but no significant improvement of regrowth percentage was observed for these two conditions. Al- though a slight increase in survival could be observed, no significant beneficial effect of proline pretreatment on post- cryoconservation regrowth could be evidenced in our conditions. However, the 2-week period before explant excision could have allowed at least partial metabolism and catabolism of exogenous proline; the results observed could thus have been the consequence of complex interactions. Shorter proline treatments applied closer to the actual LN exposure step might produce different results and allow for clearer interpretation.
Pošip je autohtona sorta vinove loze iz područja primorske Hrvatske koja se najvećim dijelom uzgaja na otoku Korčuli. Od 2006. godine ta je sorta uključena u postupak klonske selekcije. U pokusni ...nasad „Baštica“ 2007. godine posađeno je vegetativno potomstvo odabranih matičnih trseva s pozitivnim karakteristikama koji su ujedno pokazali odsutnost gospodarski štetnih virusa. U 2010. godini na klonskim je kandidatima provedena ampelografska analiza koja uključuje mjerenje prinosa grožđa po trsu, uvometrijska mjerenja te kemijsku analizu mošta. Prikupljeni podaci statistički su obrađeni i interpretirani kako bi se utvrdile značajne razlike među kandidatima. U većini promatranih parametara utvrđene su visoko signifikantne razlike. Signifikantna razlika nije utvrđena jedino u prosječnoj masi grozda. Mehaničkom analizom grozda utvrđen je kod određenog broja klonova iznimno visok udio mesa u grozdu.
Many grapevine cultivars are grown in Croatia, most of which are considered to be autochthonous. Mass positive selection together with sanitary selection of 15 economically important cultivars was ...initiated. To this aim, visual observations were made for the presence of virus-induced symptoms. Samples of dormant canes were collected from vines with positive agronomic traits and no visible symptoms of virus infection. The presence of four economically important viruses was evaluated using ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay): two nepoviruses, Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) and two closteroviruses Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3). The Survey of virus diseases in commercial vineyards of different vinegrowing regions of Croatia disclosed a widespread presence of viruses and a low occurrence of non-infected vines. Th is is true especially for the coastal region where not a single healthy plant could be found for certain cultivars. Although no visible symptoms were observed, it was not rare to detect multiple infections by two or even three viruses. The most widespread virus in Dalmatia was GFLaV- 3 with approximately 80 % of vines infected. In the northern regions almost half of the analysed plants were negative in ELISA and the most represented virus was GLRaV-1. The presence of both nepoviruses is rather low, especially ArMV (only 1 % of vines infected).
Effect of proline pretreatment on grapevine shoot-tip response to a droplet-vitrification protocol Markovic , Zvjezdana (University of Zagreb(Croatie). Faculty of Agriculture); Chatelet , Philippe (INRA , Montpellier (France). UMR 1334 Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et Tropicales); Peyriere , André (INRA , Montpellier (France). UMR 1334 Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et Tropicales) ...
2013
Publication
Proline has been shown to accumulate in plants in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Exogenous proline has thus been used for improving some plant cryopreservation protocols. Further ...enhancement of cryopreservation efficiency for in vitro grapevines could be expected if stresses linked to cryopreservation procedures could be reduced. We therefore studied the possible beneficial effect of proline in grapevine cryopreservation. Single-node explants from in vitro grown grapevine plantlets (Vitis vinifera L. cv Portan) were cultured on shooting media (half-strength MS + 1 μM BAP) con- taining no proline (control) or 50, 500, or 2000 μM filter-sterilized L-proline. Shoot tips excised from these micro- shoots were subjected to a PVS2-based droplet-vitrification procedure. Control and rewarmed explants were grown on a recovery medium containing 1 μM BAP. Shoot development on control medium and lower proline concentrations did not notably differ whereas the highest concentration of proline inhibited shoot development. Carry-over effects were observed since lower survival and regrowth were obtained both for non-frozen or LN-treated explants excised from micro-shoots obtained on the 2000 μM proline medium. No significant differences in survival and regrowth were ob- served for non-frozen explants subjected to pretreatment without LN exposure. A slightly enhancing effect (although non-significant) on post-cryopreservation survival was observed for explants derived from shoots developed on 50 or 500 μM proline, but no significant improvement of regrowth percentage was observed for these two conditions. Al- though a slight increase in survival could be observed, no significant beneficial effect of proline pretreatment on post- cryoconservation regrowth could be evidenced in our conditions. However, the 2-week period before explant excision could have allowed at least partial metabolism and catabolism of exogenous proline; the results observed could thus have been the consequence of complex interactions. Shorter proline treatments applied closer to the actual LN exposure step might produce different results and allow for clearer interpretation.
