Display omitted
•Fast and total degradation of organic dyes is possible on acid-activated bentonites.•Clay catalyst activity involves cation exchange and hydrophobic interactions.•Higher removal ...efficiency of cationic dyes involves strong clay-dye interactions.•Weaker degradation of anionic dyes is due to weaker contribution of adsorption.•Convenient water treatments with no contamination by metals can be envisaged.
Catalytic ozonation of Methylene Blue, Methyl Green, Methyl Orange and Methyl-thymol Blue was investigated in the presence of ion-exchanged montmorillonite (NaMt and Fe(II)Mt), crude bentonite and acid-activated counterparts. An original approach never tackled so far consisted in correlating the basicity and hydrophilic character to the dye-catalyst interactions occurring on the catalyst surface. This was achieved through CO2 and water thermal programmed desorption. Kinetics study revealed that ozonation starts in the bulk solution, and dye adsorption turns out to be an essential requirement for high catalytic effectiveness. On NaMt, dye molecules appear to adsorb mainly via hydrophobic interaction. On Fe(II)Mt, the contributions of hydrophobic interaction, cation-exchange and Fe2+ mobility to the catalytic activity prevail. Acid activated clay catalysts exhibited lowest hydrophilic character favoring adsorption through organophilic interaction and affording thorough and fast dye mineralization. This was explained in terms of increased number of silanols and –Si-O-Si- groups. For all catalysts, short ozonation of all dye molecules resulted in similar end-chain products, which were totally eliminated after prolonged reaction times. This result is of great importance because it provides valuable theoretical findings that allow envisaging total mineralization of organic molecules by recyclable metal-free clay catalysts.
This article adds to the conversation of controversial feminist humour by moving away from debates as to whether rape jokes can be funny or feminist and instead examining how they may impact feminist ...women and female sexual assault survivors. Beginning with a brief discussion of shame's characteristics and uses, this work investigates various critical status difference factors including the kind of rape joke (sexist or feminist), the gender of the comedian, the composition of the audience, the social setting, and the level of trust, to determine how rape jokes create or alieve shame in female feminist audience members. By studying contemporary rape jokes from comedians including Daniel Tosh, Dave Chappelle, Jim Jefferies, Wanda Sykes, Amy Schumer, and Heather Jordan Ross, through an affective lens, this research shows that whereas sexist rape jokes told by male comedians to a mostly male audience may force women to experience shame (whether intentionally or unintentionally), feminist rape jokes told by female comedians are more likely to eliminate or prevent shame.
Herein, we describe the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of
N,N-disubstituted phenylalanine series of NS5B polymerase inhibitors of hepatitis C. The NS5B polymerase inhibitory activity of the ...most active compound exhibited an IC
50 of 2.7 μM.
The structure–activity relationship (SAR) of NS5B polymerase inhibitor (
1) with an IC
50 of 3.5 μM is reported.
Further SAR studies on the thiophene-2-carboxylic acids are reported. These studies led to the identification of a series of tertiary amides that show inhibition of both HCV NS5B polymerase in vitro ...and HCV subgenomic RNA replication in Huh-7 cells. Structural insights about the bioactive conformation of this class of molecules were deduced from a combination of modeling and transferred NOE (trNOE) studies.
Graphic
HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5B) is essential for viral replication and is therefore considered a target for antiviral drug development. From our ongoing screening effort in the search ...for new anti-HCV agents, a novel inhibitor 1 with low microM activity against the HCV NS5B polymerase was identified. SAR analysis indicated the optimal substitution pattern required for activity, for example, carboxylic acid group at 2-position of thiophene ring. We describe the steps taken to identify and solve the bioactive conformation of derivative 6 through the use of the transferred NOE method (trNOE).
The discovery of a novel class of HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors, 3-arylsulfonylamino-5-phenyl-thiophene-2-carboxylic acids is described. SAR studies have yielded several potent inhibitors of HCV ...polymerase as well as of HCV subgenomic RNA replication in Huh-7 cells.
Graphic
To determine the proportion of hospitalisations for gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus, we tested for rotavirus stool samples of all children under the age of five hospitalised for gastroenteritis ...between 1 December 1999 and 30 May 2000 in seven community and specialised hospitals in Quebec. Of 944 children hospitalised, 565 (59.9%) were screened for rotavirus and 405 (71.7%) tested positive. From December to April, the proportion of positive results rose from 51.6 to 78.1%. Compared with children whose test results were negative, children who tested positive presented vomiting more frequently upon admission (88.9 versus 60.4%) and needed IV fluids in greater proportion (94.1 versus 78.0%), but spent less time in hospital (2.8 versus 3.3 days). Aside from dehydration, no complications were noted. In Quebec, a large majority of winter and spring hospitalisations for gastroenteritis in children is attributable to rotavirus.
The HCV NS5B RNA dependent RNA polymerase plays an essential role in viral replication. The discovery of a novel class of inhibitors based on an N,N-disubstituted phenylalanine scaffold and ...structure−activity relationships studies to improve potency are described.
Collector and frother are commonly used to induce the floatability of valuable minerals in flotation plants. These reagents can be added in a conditioner prior to flotation or stage distributed along ...the flotation banks. A review of the literature and some experimental results obtained from laboratory and full-scale trials indicate that the way flotation reagents are distributed down a flotation bank can positively influence the flotation response of coarse particles. This paper summarizes these observations, which show that the distribution of reagents is a potential tuning variable for the optimization of the flotation process.
PDF
