The opportunities to increase the spring wheat production and the crop recovery of nitrogen fertilizer through increased plant residue input into the soil were investigated in a long-term (14 years) ...field experiment with leached black soils. The experiment consisted of four variants of three-field crop rotations different in the plant residue input and the soil management with plant residues. The lowest input of air-dry aboveground matter (0.48 t/ha arable land) was recorded for the wheat–wheat–bare fallow rotation with straw removal from the field, while the highest input (5.69 t/ha) was recorded in the rotation with sideral fallow (vetch–oat mixture incorporated into the soil) and wheat–straw input into the soil. The other two crop rotations, including the rotation with the occupied fallow (also with the vetch-oat mixture), were considered intermediate relative to the amount of plant residues incorporated into the soil. In each crop rotation, wheat crop one was grown first (after fallow) at the reference of N0Р0, N0Р45, and N40Р45 fertilizer application, while the wheat crop grown second received N0, N40, and N80. The soils under the crop rotations were almost the same in the initial soil moisture content (≈150 mm) in the soil layer at a 0–100-cm depth. The bare fallow changed to the occupied and sideral fallows caused a two-fold decrease in the initial nitrate nitrogen content in the soil layer at 1 m depth before planting wheat crop one. However, the nitrate nitrogen content in this soil layer was almost same at planting wheat crop two for all of the crop rotations, comprising 68‒71 kg N/ha. Regardless of the nitrogen fertilizer dose, no additional increase in the wheat crop yield was recorded for the variants with significant plant residue input into the soil. The average annual grain yield for wheat crop one in the rotation with the lowest and highest plant residue inputs into the soil comprised 3.82 and 3.62 t/ha, respectively. With respect to wheat crop two, it made up 3.15 and 3.03 t/ha, respectively. Increases in wheat grain yields were mainly ensured by the initial nitrate nitrogen content in the soil and the nitrogen fertilizer dose. In addition, they were almost independent of the amount of plant residues incorporated into the soil. The average annual crop recovery of fertilizer for wheat crop two, where the soil was heavily depleted of nitrates, comprised 8.6 kg/kg N on average, which was approximately the same for all of the crop rotations. It has been concluded that the amount of plant residues formed along with growing the wheat crop on the old-arable black soils under the intensive technology is considered sufficient to ensure the high crop yield and the crop recovery of nitrogen fertilizer. An increase in the plant residue input into the soil (though growing the intermediate or some other crops in crop rotations) should be assessed based on the economic feasibility if it is not associated with preventing the soil degradation caused by wind and water erosion.
The chronology for the main stages of studying bacterial genetic transformation is presented. Streptococci (pneumococci in particular) were used as the model organisms. Recent data on the mechanisms ...of releasing DNA from bacterial cells and the role of natural transformation in the horizontal transfer of genes are considered.
HADES is a high acceptance di-electron spectrometer operating at SIS18, GSI, Germany aimed at study of hadron-proton, hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at 1-4 AGeV beam energies. The new ...electromagnetic calorimeter (ECal) was added to the experimental setup in order to measure γ-quanta and thus extend its capabilities in study of π0-, η-mesons, production of neutral hyperons and to improve electron-to-hadron separation for the partcles with momenta p > 300 MeV/c. The first data taking with the ECal detector was carried out in March 2019 when Ag+Ag collisions at 1.23 AGeV and 1.58 AGeV beam energies were studied. The methods of reconstruction of the γγ invariant mass spectra from these data are discussed. The analysis includes several steps: calibration of each module of the ECal detector, identification of γ-quanta, reconstruction of γγ invariant mass spectra and subtraction of combinatorial background. The obtained results show experimental capabilities of the new detector and, after efficiency corrections, will allow to normalize yields of other particles.
Theoretical concepts for the production, preservation and control of polarized highly charged ion beams in storage rings are investigated. It is argued that hydrogen-like ions can be polarized ...efficiently by optical pumping of the Zeeman sublevels of ground state hyperfine levels and that the maximum achievable nuclear polarization exceeds 90%. In order to study the preservation of the polarization during the ion motion through the magnetic system of the ring, the concept of the instantaneous quantization axis is introduced. It is suggested that the employment of “Siberian snakes” may help to preserve the ion beam polarization in the ring. The control of the beam polarization can be achieved by different methods: by measuring the Stokes parameters for the emitted photons or by observing the angular dependence of the transition rates for polarized ions. The important motivation for the production of polarized ion beams is the possibility to observe parity nonconservation effects in the hyperfine-quenched transitions in helium-like highly charged ions, where these effects can reach an unprecedented high value for atomic physics. The possible observation of parity nonconservation effects connected with the nuclear anapole moment is also discussed. A method for the observation of the electric dipole moment of an electron in a storage ring with a polarized highly charged ion beam is proposed. This method allows, in principle, to improve the existing boundaries for the electric dipole moment of an electron. However, the requirements of the corresponding experiment are very stringent.
► The production, preservation and control of polarized highly charged ions in storage rings are investigated. ► Methods for the real-time control of the degree of the polarization of the ions are presented. ► Extremely large parity nonconservation effects are expected in He-like heavy ions. ► Such effects can be deduced from the asymmetry of X-rays emitted by excited, polarized heavy ions. ► A new type of experiment on the electric dipole moment of the electron with ions in storage rings is discussed.
HADES (High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer) is located at the GSI (Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung) Darmstadt. It is an experiment focused on the study of the hot and dense nuclear ...matter mainly via the detection of the di-lepton pairs. Electromagnetic CALorimeter (ECAL) was recently added to the HADES setup. This new subdetector allows measuring of photons from the decay of neutral mesons and resonances. It also allows to discriminate between electrons and pions in the high-momenta region over 400 MeV/c. ECAL follows same hexagonal geometry as HADES, i.e. it consists of six sectors in azimuth. The first four sectors were finished and commissioned in 2018. The first experiment with ECAL included in HADES setup took place on March 2019, investigating the Ag+Ag reaction at beam energy of 1.65 A GeV. During the commissioning, several issues popped up and they were addressed. The issues and their solution will be described in the article.
HADES is a large acceptance spectrometer operating at SIS18, GSI, Germany. It is aimed at exploration of QCD phase diagram at the ion beam energies of 1-2 AGeV in the region of high baryonic ...densities. The new segmented electromagnetic calorimeter (ECal) was built to extend experimental opportunities of the HADES detector. The electromagnetic calorimeter will allow to study new reaction channels involving the production of neutral mesons and neu-tral resonances in elementary and heavy-ion reactions via detection of their two photon decay. An additional advantage of such a device is the resulting improvement of the electron-to-pion separation at large momenta. The detector is based on 978 Cherenkov lead glass modules divided into 6 sectors, and it covers forward angles of 12° < θ < 45° and almost full azimuthal angle. Currently four out of six sectors planned are assembled in the experimental area. The first raw beam data obtained with the ECal detector in Ag+Ag reactions at 1.65 AGeV beam are presented.
A set of algorithms for simultaneous localization and mapping in industrial television systems is discussed. A probabilistic model of this problem is described with the FastSLAM algorithm as an ...example. The possibility of using a sigma-point Kalman filter for estimating the movement of spatial landmarks, a key feature of images characterized by stable detection and recognition within the video stream, is considered. A general model of the camera motion and a method for evaluating its spatial position using a particle filter are presented.
A non-contact technique for human heart activity monitoring is proposed. The technique is based on the measurement of the ballistocardiographic signal. The measuring device uses a high-sensitivity ...piezoelectric sensor that traces microscopic body movements. Mathematical methods of broadband acoustic signal processing are used to eliminate the noise caused by high sensitivity of the sensor. The attained quality of cardiac signal measurement is sufficiently high to allow observing the cardiac activity cycles.
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