In modern Russia it is widely believed that China has adopted all the best from the USSR: the ideas of the equality of citizens, the socialist structure of the state, the fight against corruption, ...cultural trends, trends in education. The Russian village prose has become part of the school curriculum of China, just as it has done in its homeland in Russia. Rustic prose is close in spirit to the bulk of the population of the Chinese provinces. The ideas and trends that concern the Russian people could not leave the citizens of China indifferent. Russian literature has been influencing the national literature of China since 1917; using the example of the works of Russian literature, the people of China realized the need for change, writers understood the basics of creating new, modern literature. In the 90s, the place of the Russian village prose was so great that the Chinese population perceived it as their native literature. In China, the works of V. Astafyev, V. Rasputin, V. Shukshin are appreciated, the peculiarities of the writers’ styles are studied. The works written in the genre of rustic prose are of great importance for Chinese citizens, they fall out of the usual genre, preserve the historical memory of the people, show the tragedies of the times of collectivization, the hardships of wartime logistics, the restoration of the destroyed state, and others.Village life fascinates with its simplicity. Breaking away from his roots, destroying intra-family ties, being carried away by opposing tendencies and ideas, the hero of the works of Russian authors makes himself unhappy, but the understanding of the mistake comes to him late, alongside the remorse, or does not come at all.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are present in a variety of bodily fluids, and the concentration of these sub-cellular vesicles and their associated biomarkers ...(proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) can be used to aid clinical diagnosis. Although ultracentrifugation is commonly used for isolation of EVs, it is highly time-consuming, labor-intensive and instrument-dependent for both research laboratories and clinical settings. Here, we developed an integrated double-filtration microfluidic device that isolated and enriched EVs with a size range of 30-200 nm from urine, and subsequently quantified the EVs via a microchip ELISA. Our results showed that the concentration of urinary EVs was significantly elevated in bladder cancer patients (n = 16) compared to healthy controls (n = 8). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that this integrated EV double-filtration device had a sensitivity of 81.3% at a specificity of 90% (16 bladder cancer patients and 8 healthy controls). Thus, this integrated device has great potential to be used in conjunction with urine cytology and cystoscopy to improve clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer in clinics and at point-of-care (POC) settings.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial in the invasion, angiogenesis, progression, and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The lncRNA MYLK-AS1 promotes the growth and invasion of HCC ...through the EGFR/HER2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. However, the clinical significance of MYLK-AS1 in HCC still needs to be further determined.
Bioinformatic analysis was performed to determine the potential relationship among MYLK-AS1, miRNAs and mRNAs. A total of 156 samples of normal liver and paired HCC tissues from HCC patients were used to evaluate MYLK-AS1 expression by qRT-PCR. Human HCC cell lines were used to evaluate the colony formation, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle and apoptosis after transfection of lentiviral short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting MYLK-AS1 or MYLK-AS1 vectors. The competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism was clarified using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Western blotting, qPCR, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), and dual luciferase reporter analysis.
MYLK-AS1 up-regulation was detected in the HCC tumor tissues and cell lines associated with the enhancement of the angiogenesis and tumor progression. The down-regulation of MYLK-AS1 reversed the effects on angiogenesis, proliferation, invasion and metastasis in the HCC cells and in vivo. MYLK-AS1 acted as ceRNA, capable of regulating the angiogenesis in HCC, while the microRNA miR-424-5p was the direct target of MYLK-AS1. Promoting the angiogenesis and the tumor proliferation, the complex MYLK-AS1/miR-424-5p activated the VEGFR-2 signaling through E2F7, whereas the specific targeting of E2F transcription factor 7 (E2F7) by miR-424-5p, was indicated by the mechanism studies.
MYLK-AS1 and E2F7 are closely related to some malignant clinicopathological features and prognosis of HCC, thus the MYLK-AS1/ miR-424-5p/E2F7 signaling pathway might represent a promising treatment strategy to combat HCC.
Abstract Background Pathogenesis and diagnostic biomarkers for diseases can be discovered by metabolomic profiling of human fluids. If the various types of coronary artery disease (CAD) can be ...accurately characterized by metabolomics, effective treatment may be targeted without using unnecessary therapies and resources. Objectives The authors studied disturbed metabolic pathways to assess the diagnostic value of metabolomics-based biomarkers in different types of CAD. Methods A cohort of 2,324 patients from 4 independent centers was studied. Patients underwent coronary angiography for suspected CAD. Groups were divided as follows: normal coronary artery (NCA), nonobstructive coronary atherosclerosis (NOCA), stable angina (SA), unstable angina (UA), and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Plasma metabolomic profiles were determined by liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and were analyzed by multivariate statistics. Results We made 12 cross-comparisons to and within CAD to characterize metabolic disturbances. We focused on comparisons of NOCA versus NCA, SA versus NOCA, UA versus SA, and AMI versus UA. Other comparisons were made, including SA versus NCA, UA versus NCA, AMI versus NCA, UA versus NOCA, AMI versus NOCA, AMI versus SA, significant CAD (SA/UA/AMI) versus nonsignificant CAD (NCA/NOCA), and acute coronary syndrome (UA/AMI) versus SA. A total of 89 differential metabolites were identified. The altered metabolic pathways included reduced phospholipid catabolism, increased amino acid metabolism, increased short-chain acylcarnitines, decrease in tricarboxylic acid cycle, and less biosynthesis of primary bile acid. For differential diagnosis, 12 panels of specific metabolomics-based biomarkers provided areas under the curve of 0.938 to 0.996 in the discovery phase (n = 1,086), predictive values of 89.2% to 96.0% in the test phase (n = 933), and 85.3% to 96.4% in the 3-center external sets (n = 305). Conclusions Plasma metabolomics are powerful for characterizing metabolic disturbances. Differences in small-molecule metabolites may reflect underlying CAD and serve as biomarkers for CAD progression.
Subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate caused widespread Mesozoic magmatism, lithospheric deformation and thinning, and mineralization along the continental margin of East Asia. However, the details ...of this subduction process remain unclear. To investigate the regional geodynamic evolution and subduction processes of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate, we carried out a geochronological, geochemical, and Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotopic study of Middle‐Late Jurassic adakitic lavas in the Hailar Basin, northeast (NE) China. These rocks have relatively high Sr contents (434–877 ppm), low heavy rare earth element and Y (6.81–14.37 ppm) contents, and high Sr/Y ratios (56–83), which are characteristic of adakites. The rocks are classified into Middle Jurassic high‐K and Late Jurassic low‐K adakitic lavas. The high‐K adakitic lavas were derived by dehydration melting of thickened garnet‐bearing amphibolite‐facies lower crust. In contrast, the low‐K adakitic lavas could be considered as pristine slab‐melts that were likely generated by hydrous melting of subducted eclogitic oceanic crust, followed by limited interaction between the slab melt and peridotite as a consequence of flat‐slab subduction. Combined with previous data, our results demonstrate that the late Mesozoic magmatism in NE China records the entire temporal‐spatial evolution of subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific slab from initial shallowing of the subduction angle to flat‐slab subduction, followed by basalt‐eclogite phase transformation and finally slab rollback.
Key Points
We identified two distinct groups of Jurassic adakitic rocks in the Hailar Basin, NE China: high‐K and low‐K adakitic lavas
High‐K adakitic lavas were derived by melting of thickened lower crust, whereas the low‐K adakitic lavas were pristine slab melts
Late Mesozoic magmatism in NE China records the evolution of the Paleo‐Pacific flat slab from initial shallowing to final rollback
Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets have attracted extensive attention and have been considered as compelling nanofillers of polyamide-based nanofiltration membranes (NFMs) with thin film nanocomposite ...(TFN) frame. However, there still remains a big challenge, the poor compatibility between these 2D nanofillers and the polyamide matrix, significantly restricting their practical applications. Herein, we present TFN NFMs by incorporating tannic acid (TA) functionalized molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets into the polyamide skin layers via typical interfacial polymerization of piperazine (PIP) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). TA was employed to assist the aqueous exfoliation of bulk MoS2 into 2D nanosheets, and simultaneously served as the functional molecule to modify and stabilize the as-exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets in aqueous solutions. Thanks to the contribution of TA, the MoS2 nanosheets can be covalently linked into the skin layers through the reaction of TA and TMC, thus exhibiting excellent compatibility with polyamide matrix. Besides, the as-prepared TFN NFMs show promoted water permeation as high as 17.0 L/m2⋅h⋅bar without compromising the salt rejection of divalent ions (98.5%). Moreover, these high-performance TFN NFMs also possess outstanding long-term stability, with great implication for the practical applications.
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•Ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets are used as nanofillers to fabricate nanofiltration membranes.•The interfacial compatibility is enhanced between MoS2 nanofillers and polyamide matrices.•The membranes harvest 24% flux improvement without any sacrifice of salt rejection.
The subject of this work is the main themes and ideas of Russian country prose – the school that most fully reflects the essence of the Russian national mentality. Ethical issues are an integral part ...of the works of Vasily Shukshin. V. Shukshin’s novellas represent the wisdom, virtue and life experience of a Russian villager, an attempt is made to identify the spiritual foundations. Writers strive to find the foundations of the peasant world. Vasily Shukshin’s works are known not only in Russia, but all over the world. At the end of the Chinese Cultural Revolution, V. Shukshin’s novellas were also translated into Chinese and had a significant impact on the work of modern Chinese fiction writers of the new era. During the period of social transformations in China and the Soviet Union, a large number of peasants left the village and rushed to the cities, while their lands were abandoned, and the very attitude of man to the land changed. These processes could not but disturb the writers of the two countries, reflecting in their works on the relationship between man and nature, on national historical memory, on the connection between tradition and modernity. Thus, the question of studying the reception of V. Shukshin’s creativity in China seems to be very up-to-date. The historical and biographical methods provide a key to understanding the author’s content of such national Russian concepts as ‘home’, ‘melancholy’, ‘soul’, ‘conscience’, ‘fate’ and demonstrate the views of Chinese literary scholars on the oeuvre of Russian writers of this school. The works of Chinese literary critics are introduced into the scientific circulation.
To reveal the utilization value of leaf, stem, and root of Artemisia argyi, a rapid online liquid microextraction combined with a high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with 2,2‐nitrogen‐di ...(3‐ethyl‐benzothiazole‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt antioxidant assay system was established for analysis of antioxidants in the leaf, stem, and root of A. argyi, and a calibration quantitative method of antioxidant activity with equivalent chlorogenic acid was proposed. Thirty‐three positive peaks were identified; among them, 12 compounds were found that possess good antioxidant activity including eleven organic acids (components 2–4, 8, 11–14, 17, 19, and 21) and one flavonoids (component 22). The proposed calibration quantitative method avoided the influence of content of compound and compared the extent of radical scavenging capacity of five antioxidant compounds, which were ranked as follow: 3,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid > 3,4‐dicaffeoylquinic acid ≈ 4,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid > 1,4‐dicaffeoylquinic acid > chlorogenic acid. In conclusion, this study provided composition and biological potential for the future development of the leaf, stem, and root of A. argyi. It is believed that the online liquid microextraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography based antioxidant assay system can be widely used for the rapid screening of natural antioxidant components in the different parts of natural products.
Abstract
Background
The catenin beta 1 gene (CTNNB1) plays a crucial role in the malignant progression of various cancers. Recent studies have suggested that CTNNB1 hyperactivation is closely related ...to the occurrence and development of bladder cancer (BCa). As a member of the deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) family, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L3 (UCHL3) is abnormally expressed in various cancers. In this study, we discovered that UCHL3 is a novel oncogene in bladder cancer, suggesting it is a promising target against bladder cancer.
Methods
We utilized CRISPR‒Cas9 technology to construct cell lines with UCHL3 stably overexpressed or knocked out. The successful overexpression or knockout of UCHL3 was determined using Western blotting. Then, we performed CCK-8, colony formation, soft agar and Transwell migration assays to determine the impact of the UCHL3 gene on cell phenotype. RNA-seq was performed with UCHL3-depleted T24 cells (established via CRISPR–Cas9-mediated genomic editing). We analyzed differences in WNT pathway gene expression in wild-type and UCHL3-deficient T24 cell lines using a heatmap and by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Then, we validated the effect of UCHL3 on the Wnt pathway using a dual fluorescence reporter. We then analyzed the underlying mechanisms involved using Western blots, co-IP, and immunofluorescence results. We also conducted nude mouse tumor formation experiments. Moreover, conditional UCHL3-knockout mice and bladder cancer model mice were established for research.
Results
We found that the overexpression of UCHL3 boosted bladder cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration, while the depletion of UCHL3 in bladder cancer cells delayed tumor tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. UCHL3 was highly associated with the Wnt signaling pathway and triggered the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, which showed that its functions depend on its deubiquitination activity. Notably, Uchl3-deficient mice were less susceptible to bladder tumorigenesis. Additionally, UCHL3 was highly expressed in bladder cancer cells and associated with indicators of advanced clinicopathology.
Conclusion
In summary, we found that UCHL3 is amplified in bladder cancer and functions as a tumor promoter that enhances proliferation and migration of tumor cells in vitro and bladder tumorigenesis and progression in vivo. Furthermore, we revealed that UCHL3 stabilizes CTNNB1 expression, resulting in the activation of the oncogenic Wnt signaling pathway. Therefore, our findings strongly suggest that UCHL3 is a promising therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
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•Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) interact with biomolecules to construct plasmonic nanoprobes.•These plasmonic nanoprobes exhibit many LSPR applications.•The oriented assembly of GNPs with ...biomolecules is systematically described.•The effect of biomolecules on GNP morphological evolution is discussed.
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have attracted the particular attention of nanoscience and nanoengineering due to their unique localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) derived optical, electronic and magnetic properties. These LSPR-based properties are highly dependent on the nanostructures of GNPs which could be precisely tuned via strategies of assembly and morphological regulation. Biomolecules (DNA, amino acids and peptides) serving as linking and capping agents are capable to program the assembling and tailor the morphological evolution of GNPs to achieve varying nanostructures and plasmonic properties as well as biofunctionalities due to their specific recognition capabilities and unique interface affinity with GNPs. Versatile applications based on tunable LSPR properties of plasmonic nanoprobes composed of GNPs and biomolecules, therefore, have been successfully demonstrated in various fields, including metal-enhanced fluorescence, dark-field microscopy imaging, colorimetric assay, plasmonic circular dichroism-based assay, surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based bioprobes and LSPR shift-based biosensing, etc. This review introduces the recent advances in the design, structural tuning, property characterization and biosensing and bioimaging applications of these plasmonic nanoprobes, with detailed examples in previous applications and prospective discussions for their developments in future.
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