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•Sonication-induced changes of albumins from Moringa oleifera seed (MOWP) was explored.•Changes in the secondary and tertiary structure of MOWP was observable.•The MOWP was aggregated ...but not significantly degraded by ultrasound.•Ultrasonic treatment could effectively improve the thermal stability of MOWP.•Solubility, foaming and emulsifying properties of MOWP were improvement by sonication.
Effect of ultrasonic power on the structure and functional properties of water-soluble protein extracted from defatted Moringa oleifera seed were explored. The results showed that ultrasonic treatment could reduce β-sheet and β-turn content of water-soluble protein from Moringa oleifera seed (MOWP) and increase the content of random coil and α-helix. Changes in intrinsic fluorescence spectra, surface hydrophobicity (H0) and thermal behaviors indicated that ultrasonic had significant effect on the tertiary structure of MOWP. The results of SEM and SDS-PAGE showed that the MOWP was aggregated but not significantly degraded by ultrasound. The solubility, foaming properties and emulsifying properties of MOWP increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of ultrasonic power. Ultrasonic treatment altered the functional properties of MOWP, which might be attributed to the exposure of hydrophilic group and the change of and secondary and tertiary structure.
Wearable touch panels, a typical flexible electronic device, can recognize and feed back the information of finger touch and movement. Excellent wearable touch panels are required to accurately and ...quickly monitor the signals of finger movement as well as the capacity of bearing various types of deformation. High‐performance thermistor materials are one of the key functional components, but to date, a long‐standing bottleneck is that inorganic semiconductors are typically brittle while the electrical properties of organic semiconductors are quite low. Herein, a high‐performance flexible temperature sensor is reported by using plastic Ag2S with ultrahigh temperature coefficient of resistance of −4.7% K−1 and resolution of 0.05 K, and rapid response/recovery time of 0.11/0.11 s. Moreover, the temperature sensor shows excellent durability without performance damage or loss during force stimuli tests. In addition, a fully flexible intelligent touch panel composed of a 16 × 10 Ag2S‐film‐based temperature sensor array, as well as a flexible printed circuit board and a deep‐learning algorithm is designed for perceiving finger touch signals in real‐time, and intelligent feedback of Chinese characters and letters on an app. These results strongly show that high‐performance flexible inorganic semiconductors can be widely used in flexible electronics.
A fully flexible intelligent thermal touch panel based on the intrinsically plastic Ag2S semiconductor can well perceive finger touch signals in real‐time and displays intelligent feed back of Chinese characters and letters on an app.
Hierarchically porous metal–organic frameworks (HP‐MOFs) have attracted great attention owing to their advantages over microporous MOFs in some applications. Despite many attempts, the development of ...a facile approach to generate HP‐MOFs remains a challenge. Herein we develop a new strategy, namely the modulation of cation valence, to create hierarchical porosity in MOFs. Some of the CuII metal nodes in MOFs can be transformed into CuI via reducing vapor treatment (RVT), which partially changes the coordination mode and thus breaks coordination bonds, resulting in the formation of HP‐MOF based on the original microporous MOF. Both the experimental results and the first‐principles calculation show that it is easy to tailor the amount of CuI and subsequent hierarchical porosity by tuning the RVT duration. It is found that the resultant HP‐MOFs perform much better in the capture of aromatic sulfides than the original microporous MOF.
Making the cut: Some of CuII nodes in the metal–organic framework (MOF) HKUST‐1 can be transformed into CuI by a reducing vapor treatment (RVT). This treatment partially changes the coordination mode of the Cu nodes and thus breaks coordination bonds, resulting in the formation of hierarchical pores from the original microporous HKUST‐1.
Endocrine therapy is one of the main treatments for estrogen receptor–positive breast cancers. Tamoxifen is the most commonly used drug for endocrine therapy. However, primary or acquired tamoxifen ...resistance occurs in a large proportion of breast cancer patients, leading to therapeutic failure. We found that the combination of tamoxifen and ACT001, a nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathway inhibitor, effectively inhibited the proliferation of both tamoxifen‐sensitive and tamoxifen‐resistant cells. The tamoxifen‐resistant cell line MCF7R/LCC9 showed active NF‐κB signaling and high apoptosis‐related gene transcription, especially for antiapoptotic genes, which could be diminished by treatment with ACT001. These results demonstrate that ACT001 can prevent and reverse tamoxifen resistance by inhibiting NF‐κB activation.
Tamoxifen simultaneously promotes apoptosis and activates the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB)–mediated antiapoptotic pathway, as a stress response, and that NF‐κB signaling and antiapoptotic gene expression are associated with tamoxifen resistance.
Energy circulation in geospace lies at the heart of space weather research. In the inner magnetosphere, the steep plasmapause boundary separates the cold dense plasmasphere, which corotates with the ...planet, from the hot ring current/plasma sheet outside. Theoretical studies suggested that plasmapause surface waves related to the sharp inhomogeneity exist and act as a source of geomagnetic pulsations, but direct evidence of the waves and their role in magnetospheric dynamics have not yet been detected. Here, we show direct observations of a plasmapause surface wave and its impacts during a geomagnetic storm using multi-satellite and ground-based measurements. The wave oscillates the plasmapause in the afternoon-dusk sector, triggers sawtooth auroral displays, and drives outward-propagating ultra-low frequency waves. We also show that the surface-wave-driven sawtooth auroras occurred in more than 90% of geomagnetic storms during 2014-2018, indicating that they are a systematic and crucial process in driving space energy dissipation.
Summary
Influences of ultrasonic treatment on structure and functional properties of salt‐soluble protein from Moringa oleifera seeds (MOSSP) were explored. The results indicated that the ultrasonic ...treatment destroyed spherical structure of MOSSP and transformed the spherical structure into irregular fragments. The content of β‐turn, α‐helix and random coils in MOSSP significantly increased, but with extending the ultrasound time, the content of β‐turn, α‐helix and random coils had no significant change. SDS‐PAGE results showed that sonication could stabilise the primary structure of MOSSP. The surface hydrophobicity and emulsification were significantly reduced, but sonication could improve the solubility and foaming properties of MOSSP within a certain range.
The spherical structure of salt‐soluble protein from Moringa oleifera seeds (MOSSP) was destroyed by ultrasonic treatment and transformed into irregular fragments. Sonication stabilised the primary structure of MOSSP, changed the secondary structure and tertiary structure and significantly weakened the H0 of MOSSP. Due to the changes in structure, the emulsification and solubility were improved. The results could provide a certain practical significance for potential utilisation of MOSSP.
The robot-assisted intervention has shown reduced radiation exposure to physicians and improved precision in clinical trials. However, existing vascular robotic systems follow master-slave control ...mode and entirely rely on manual commands. This article proposes a novel offline reinforcement learning algorithm, Conservative Actor-critic with SmOoth Gradient (CASOG), to learn manipulation skills on vascular robotic systems. The proposed algorithm conservatively estimates Q-function and smooths gradients of convolution layers to deal with distribution shift and overfitting issues. Furthermore, to focus on complex manipulations, transitions with larger absolute temporal-difference error are sampled with higher probability. Comparative experiments on multiple vascular models and offline data demonstrate that CASOG delivers guidewire to the target with higher success rates and fewer backward steps than prior offline reinforcement learning methods. These results indicate that the proposed algorithm is promising to improve the autonomy of vascular robotic systems.
Soft magnetic skins have been widely adopted for tactile perception due to their high accuracy and simple wiring advantages. However, the perceptual properties of magnetic skins are limited by ...information mapping relationships with weak interpretation. To overcome existing limitations, dynamic Young's modulus (DYM) is proposed in this paper based on strain energy density function to precisely describe the compression stiffness of magnetic skins. Furthermore, a highly interpretable and broadly applicable method is derived using DYM to analyze a cylindrical magnetic skin's deformation process as the skin deformed under external mechanic load. Extensive experiments in simulated and real situations with different deformations are carried out to verify the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate that 0.14% and 0.43% relative errors in simulated and real environments, respectively, can be reached. Moreover, the proposed method can achieve minimum errors in almost all situations than data-driven or state-of-the-art analysis approaches. And the generality of the proposed method is validated by experiments conducted on skins with two different shapes. These promising results indicate the potential of the proposed method in establishing practical information mapping relationships for magnetic skins, probably addressing the significant challenges for magnetic skin application in complex scenarios.
Liver injury is a common pathological process characterized by massive degeneration and abnormal death of liver cells. With increase in dead cells and necrosis, liver injury eventually leads to ...nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatic fibrosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Consequently, it is necessary to treat liver injury and to prevent its progression. The drug Bicylol is widely employed in China to treat chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and has therapeutic potential for liver injury. It is the derivative of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans extracted from Schisandra chinensis (SC). The Schisandraceae family is a rich source of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, which possesses potential liver protective activity. This study aimed to comprehensively summarize the phytochemistry, structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanisms underlying the liver protective activities of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from the Schisandraceae family. Here, we had discussed the analysis of absorption or permeation properties of 358 compounds based on Lipinski’s rule of five. So far, 358 dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans have been reported, with 37 of them exhibited hepatoprotective effects. The molecular mechanism of the active compounds mainly involves antioxidative stress, anti-inflammation and autophagy through Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Keap1/Nrf2/ARE), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-кB), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad 2/3 signaling pathways. This review is expected to provide scientific ideas for future research related to developing and utilizing the dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from Schisandraceae family.
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•Dimethey fumarate ameliorates autoimmune hepatitis in concanavalin A-induced mice.•DMF ameliorates autoimmune hepatitis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.•DMF inhibits NLRP3 activation via ...promoting PKA signaling and NLRP3 phosphorylation.•DMF inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by alleviating mitochondrial damage.•DMF reduced mitochondrial aggregates in the liver of concanavalin A-treated mice.
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a fumaric acid derivative clinically approved for the treatment of some inflammatory diseases, but the underlying mechanism for its therapeutic effects remains incompletely understood. NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation has critical roles in innate immune responses to various infections and sterile inflammations. In this study, we aimed to explore whether DMF affects auto-immune hepatitis (AIH) in mice induced by concanavalin A (Con A) by modulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The results showed that DMF suppressed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lipopolysaccharide-primed murine bone marrow-derived macrophages upon ATP or nigericin treatment, as evidenced by reduced cleavage of pro-caspase-1, release of mature interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and generation of gasdermin D N-terminal fragment (GSDMD-NT). DMF also greatly reduced ASC speck formation upon the stimulation of nigericin or ATP, indicating its inhibitory effect on NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Consistent with reduced generation of GSDMD-NT, ATP or nigericin-induced pyroptosis was markedly suppressed by DMF. Moreover, DMF treatment alleviated mitochondrial damage induced by ATP or nigericin. Interestingly, all these effects were reversed by the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway inhibitors (H89 and MDL-12330A). Mechanistically, DMF enhanced PKA signaling and thus increased NLRP3 phosphorylation at PKA-specific sites to attenuate its activation. Importantly, DMF decreased serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and ameliorated liver injury in Con A-induced AIH of mice, concomitant with reduced the generation of caspase-1p10 and GSDMD-NT and alleviating mitochondrial aggregation in the liver. Collectively, DMF displayed anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation likely through regulating PKA signaling, highlighting its potential application in treating AIH.
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