Abstract
Metagenomics combined with 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses was applied to unveil the taxonomic composition and functional diversity of the farmed adult turbot gastrointestinal (GI) ...microbiome. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes which existed in both GI content and mucus were dominated in the turbot GI microbiome. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses also indicated that the turbot GI tract may harbor some bacteria which originated from associated seawater. Functional analyses indicated that the clustering-based subsystem and many metabolic subsystems were dominant in the turbot GI metagenome. Compared with other gut metagenomes, quorum sensing and biofilm formation was overabundant in the turbot GI metagenome. Genes associated with quorum sensing and biofilm formation were found in species within Vibrio, including Vibrio vulnificus,Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In farmed fish gut metagenomes, the stress response and protein folding subsystems were over-represented and several genes concerning antibiotic and heavy metal resistance were also detected. These data suggested that the turbot GI microbiome may be affected by human factors in aquaculture. Additionally, iron acquisition and the metabolism subsystem were more abundant in the turbot GI metagenome when compared with freshwater fish gut metagenome, suggesting that unique metabolic potential may be observed in marine animal GI microbiomes.
Eighteen agar media were tested for the culture of gut-associated bacteria from farmed adult turbot （Scophthalmus maximus）, including 16 agar media with or without 1% gastrointestinal （GI） ...supernatant, or with 2% or 4% GI supernatant. A total of 1 711 colonies were analyzed and 24 operational taxonomic units （OTUs） were identified. The greatest bacterial diversity was isolated on Zobell 2216E/ Zobell 2216E＋ agar media, whereas MRS/MRS＋ agar media produced a low diversity of colonies, Agar media with GI supernatant （1%, 2%, or 4%） showed increased diversity and yielded different profiles of OTUs from the corresponding original media, suggesting that GI supernatant provides substances that enhance the culture efficiency of bacteria from the turbot GI tract. The large majority of the colonies （82%） were 7-Proteobacteria, whereas 15.6% and 2.4% of colonies were Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, respectively. At the genus level, 49.4% of all colonies were assigned to Vibrio. Other potential pathogens, including Pseudomonas, Photobacterium, and Enterobacter, and potential probiotics, including Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Pseudomonas, were also isolated on agar media. Most cultured bacteria belonged to species that were first described in the turbot GI tract. The impact of these species on turbot physiology and health should be investigated further.
The ionic conductivity of the interlayer in the intermediate temperature solid oxide electrolysis cell (IT-SOEC) affects the polarization resistance of the oxygen electrode. Improving the ionic ...conductivity of the interlayer can improve the performance of the oxygen electrode. In this work, the ionic conductivity of a samarium-doped ceria (SDC) interlayer is improved by doping the transition metal oxide Fe2O3. The experimental results show that the oxygen electrode polarization resistance of the symmetrical cell based on the SDC-Fe2O3 interlayer is 0.09 Ω cm−2 at 800 °C and under the open circuit voltage, which is obviously lower than that of the symmetrical cell based on an SDC interlayer (0.22 Ω cm−2). Besides, the electrolysis current of the SOEC based on the SDC-Fe2O3 interlayer is 0.5 A cm−2 at 800 °C and 1.5 V, which is higher than that of the SOEC based on the SDC interlayer (0.3 A cm−2). The above results show that improving the ionic conductivity of the SDC interlayer in the SOEC by doping Fe2O3 can reduce the polarization resistance of the oxygen electrode and enhance the performance of the SOEC. Thus, this work provides an effective way for improving the performance of the SDC interlayer in the IT-SOEC.
To improve the ionic conductivity of the common electrolyte Sm-doped CeO2 (SDC) for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs) and to facilitate its production, we synthesized ...electrolyte materials SDC(Ce0.85Sm0.15O2-δ)-x mol %CuO (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2) (named SDC, SDC + 0.5CuO, SDC + 1CuO, and SDC + 2CuO). The structural properties, surface micro-morphologies, and electrical properties of these four electrolyte materials were studied, as well as the performances of corresponding SOFCs. The results showed that all the materials had highly-crystalline CeO2 cubic fluorite structures and highly-dense ceramic electrolyte sheets. Adding an appropriate amount of CuO significantly reduced the grain-boundary resistance of SDC and improved its ionic conductivity. The SDC + 0.5CuO electrolyte showed the best ionic conductivity (σt = 0.088 Scm−1 at 800 °C), and the SOFC based on SDC + 0.5CuO had the highest output power, reaching a maximum power density of 380 mWcm−2 at 800 °C. In addition, the SOFC based on SDC + 0.5CuO exhibited good stability. The above results show that the optimal CuO amount was 0.5 mol% in our case, and SDC-CuO materials are promising candidates for use as electrolytes in IT-SOFCs.
•SDC-x mol% CuO (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2) samples all had highly-crystalline CeO2 cubic fluorite structures.•The addition of CuO significantly reduced the grain-boundary resistance of SDC and improved its ionic conductivity.•The SDC + 0.5CuO electrolyte showed the best ionic conductivity.•The SOFC based on SDC + 0.5CuO exhibited good stability.
The ionic conductivity of the interlayer in the intermediate temperature solid oxide electrolysis cell (IT-SOEC) affects the polarization resistance of the oxygen electrode. Improving the ionic ...conductivity of the interlayer can improve the performance of the oxygen electrode. In this work, the ionic conductivity of a samarium-doped ceria (SDC) interlayer is improved by doping the transition metal oxide Fe
O
. The experimental results show that the oxygen electrode polarization resistance of the symmetrical cell based on the SDC-Fe
O
interlayer is 0.09 Ω cm
at 800 °C and under the open circuit voltage, which is obviously lower than that of the symmetrical cell based on an SDC interlayer (0.22 Ω cm
). Besides, the electrolysis current of the SOEC based on the SDC-Fe
O
interlayer is 0.5 A cm
at 800 °C and 1.5 V, which is higher than that of the SOEC based on the SDC interlayer (0.3 A cm
). The above results show that improving the ionic conductivity of the SDC interlayer in the SOEC by doping Fe
O
can reduce the polarization resistance of the oxygen electrode and enhance the performance of the SOEC. Thus, this work provides an effective way for improving the performance of the SDC interlayer in the IT-SOEC.
•Six cyano-based disperse dyes with different diazo and coupling components are synthesized.•The relationship between molecular structure and alkali resistance is investigated.•The dyes containing ...benzene ring with N-aniline substituents have good alkali resistance.•The electron giving capacity of N-aniline substituents determines the hydrolysis rate.
Alkali-resistant disperse dyes have garnered significant interest due to their numerous advantages in alkaline one-bath dyeing procedures. Herein, six cyano-based disperse dyes (D1-D6) with either 2-aminobenzothiazole or 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, as well as N-substituted anilines as coupling components, were designed and synthesized to investigate the effect of substituents and π-π conjugation of the alkali-resistant stability of dyes. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to monitor the dye hydrolysis behavior, indicating that dyes with strong intramolecular π-π conjugation and bulky benzyl substituents on the n-phenylamine substituent exhibited good alkaline resistance. The hydrolysis processes of cyano disperse dyes under alkaline conditions were consistent with SN2 Nucleophilic substitution, and followed first-order reaction kinetics. Furthermore, PET fabrics were dyed with D1-D3 under various alkaline conditions, proving that D2 and D3 possessed good dyeing performance even under a 5 g/L NaOH dye bath. Our study contributes valuable insights into the relationship between molecular structure and alkali resistance in cyanide disperse dyes, offering practical guidance for enhancing the performance of such dyes.
Display omitted
Due to built-in electric field of p-n bulk heterojunction can block electron transfer and facilitate ion transport, p-n bulk heterojunction based low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LT-SOFCs) can ...achieve high open circuit voltage (OCV) and output power density in the LT region. Intrinsic layer can enhance the built-in electric field of the p-n heterojunction, thereby enhancing the capability of the heterojunction to regulate carrier transport and further improving cell performance. In this work, MgO insulator serves as the intrinsic layer for ZnO/NiO bulk heterojunction to enhance the built-in electric field of the heterojunction and improve the LT-SOFC performances. At 550 ℃, the OCV and maximun power density (MPD) of the fuel cell based on ZnO/MgO/NiO heterojunctions can reach 1.09 V and 786 mW/cm2, respectively, which are significantly higher than those of ZnO/NiO based fuel cell (OCV of 0.9 V and MPD of 561 mW/cm2). The above results indicate that enhancing the built-in electric field of p-n heterojunction by adding intrinsic layer is a feasible method to improve the performance of p-n heterojunction based LT-SOFCs.
•P-i-n structure has been formed in the ZnO/MgO/NiO composites.•Intrinsic layer MgO can enhance the built-in electric field of the heterojunction.•Intrinsic layer MgO can improve the performance of the LT-SOFCs.
Due to the limited electrode structure types of current CH3NH3PbCl3 perovskite single crystal photodetectors, these devices either have good performance but small active area or have large active ...area but poor performance, which greatly limits their applications. To realize a high performance of a CH3NH3PbCl3 perovskite single crystal photodetector with a large active area, a CH3NH3PbCl3 single crystal photodetector with asymmetrical Schottky interdigital contacts originating from planar interdigital Au–Ag electrodes was fabricated in this work. The device not only had a large active area (around 8 mm2) but also showed excellent photoelectric performance due to its built-in electric field. The responsivity of the device can reach 5.8 mA W−1 at 0 V and 0.24 A W−1 at 30 V reverse voltage. The response time of the device can reach 317 μs (rise)/6.82 ms (decay) at 0 V and 100 μs (rise)/2 ms (decay) at 30 V reverse voltage. The above results demonstrate that this study will provide an effective method for realizing high performance of a CH3NH3PbCl3 perovskite single crystal photodetector with a large active area.
Due to the limited electrode structure types of current CH 3 NH 3 PbCl 3 perovskite single crystal photodetectors, these devices either have good performance but small active area or have large ...active area but poor performance, which greatly limits their applications. To realize a high performance of a CH 3 NH 3 PbCl 3 perovskite single crystal photodetector with a large active area, a CH 3 NH 3 PbCl 3 single crystal photodetector with asymmetrical Schottky interdigital contacts originating from planar interdigital Au–Ag electrodes was fabricated in this work. The device not only had a large active area (around 8 mm 2 ) but also showed excellent photoelectric performance due to its built-in electric field. The responsivity of the device can reach 5.8 mA W −1 at 0 V and 0.24 A W −1 at 30 V reverse voltage. The response time of the device can reach 317 μs (rise)/6.82 ms (decay) at 0 V and 100 μs (rise)/2 ms (decay) at 30 V reverse voltage. The above results demonstrate that this study will provide an effective method for realizing high performance of a CH 3 NH 3 PbCl 3 perovskite single crystal photodetector with a large active area.
Carbon dots (CDs) are nanomaterials with excellent photoluminescence property, usually used in the field of bioimaging tumor cells. However, its practical applicability in cancer therapeutics is ...limited by CDs' insensitive surface properties to complicated tumor microenvironment in vivo. Herein, a new type of innovative biomimetic nanoparticles has been formed with HeLa cell membranes (CM) and multifunctional CDs containing antitumor and bioimaging activities. The CDs are prepared by a facile one-step microwave-assisted procedure. Gallic acid is used as carbon resource and antitumor active molecule. Gelatin is treated as the nitrogen resource. Citric acid monohydrate is used as the auxiliary carbon source and the Hela CM is used for tumor targeting. A series of fluorescence analyses has proved its homotypic targeting and ability of diagnosis. Besides, in vitro and in vivo antitumor experiments further indicate their better antitumor efficiency. The findings show the totally new nanoparticles' feasibilities of dealing with the clinical therapy problems as well as applying for the integration of diagnosis and targeting therapy.
PDF
