C’est au château de Cerisy-la-Salle, en Normandie, que le colloque « Spectres de Poe dans la littérature et les arts » s’est tenu du 22 au 29 juillet 2017. Organisé par Jocelyn Dupont et Gilles ...Menegaldo, il a réuni une quarantaine de personnes, enseignants, chercheurs, spécialistes ou amateurs de littérature, de musique, de cinéma et d’autres arts autour d’une même œuvre : celle d’Edgar Allan Poe dont la postérité était la question centrale. Sur ces sept jours ont eu lieu une vingtaine de co...
There are clinically relevant differences in scalae anatomy and spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) quantity between incomplete partition type II (IP-II) and normal cochleae.
IP-II is a commonly implanted ...cochlear malformation. Detailed knowledge of intracochlear three-dimensional (3D) morphology may assist with cochlear implant (CI) electrode selection/design and enable optimization of audiologic programming based on SGN maps.
IP-II (n = 11) human temporal bone histological specimens were identified from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders National Temporal Bone Registry and digitized. The cochlear duct, scalae, and surgically relevant anatomy were reconstructed in 3D. A machine learning algorithm was applied to map the location and number of SGNs.
3D scalae morphology of the basal turn was normal. Scala tympani (ST) remained isolated for 540 degrees before fusing with scala vestibuli. Mean ST volume reduced below 1 mm 2 after the first 340 degrees. Scala media was a distinct endolymphatic compartment throughout; mean ± standard deviation cochlear duct length was 28 ± 3 mm. SGNs were reduced compared with age-matched norms (mean, 48%; range, 5-90%). In some cases, SGNs failed to ascend Rosenthal's canal, remaining in an abnormal basalward modiolar location. Two forms of IP-II were seen: type A and type B. A majority (98-100%) of SGNs were located in the basal modiolus in type B IP-II, compared with 76 to 85% in type A.
Hallmark features of IP-II cochleae include the following: 1) fusion of the ST and scala vestibuli at a mean of 540 degrees, 2) highly variable and overall reduced SGN quantity compared with normative controls, and 3) abnormal SGN distribution with cell bodies failing to ascend Rosenthal's canal.
Description and comparison of bacterial characteristics of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) between critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients with COVID-19-positive, COVID + ; and ...non-COVID-19, COVID-.
Retrospective, observational, multicenter study that focused on French patients during the first wave of the pandemic (March-April 2020).
935 patients with identification of at least one bacteriologically proven VAP were included (including 802 COVID +). Among Gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus accounted for more than two-thirds of the bacteria involved, followed by Streptococcaceae and enterococci without difference between clinical groups regarding antibiotic resistance. Among Gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella spp. was the most frequently observed bacterial genus in both groups, with K. oxytoca overrepresented in the COVID- group (14.3% vs. 5.3%; p < 0.05). Cotrimoxazole-resistant bacteria were over-observed in the COVID + group (18.5% vs. 6.1%; p <0.05), and after stratification for K. pneumoniae (39.6% vs. 0%; p <0.05). In contrast, overrepresentation of aminoglycoside-resistant strains was observed in the COVID- group (20% vs. 13.9%; p < 0.01). Pseudomonas sp. was more frequently isolated from COVID + VAPs (23.9% vs. 16.7%; p <0.01) but in COVID- showed more carbapenem resistance (11.1% vs. 0.8%; p <0.05) and greater resistance to at least two aminoglycosides (11.8% vs. 1.4%; p < 0.05) and to quinolones (53.6% vs. 7.0%; p <0.05). These patients were more frequently infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria than COVID + (40.1% vs. 13.8%; p < 0.01).
The present study demonstrated that the bacterial epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of VAP in COVID + is different from that of COVID- patients. These features call for further study to tailor antibiotic therapies in VAP patients.
Abstract Background Description and comparison of bacterial characteristics of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) between critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients with COVID-19-positive, ...COVID + ; and non-COVID-19, COVID-. Methods Retrospective, observational, multicenter study that focused on French patients during the first wave of the pandemic (March–April 2020). Results 935 patients with identification of at least one bacteriologically proven VAP were included (including 802 COVID +). Among Gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus accounted for more than two-thirds of the bacteria involved, followed by Streptococcaceae and enterococci without difference between clinical groups regarding antibiotic resistance. Among Gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella spp. was the most frequently observed bacterial genus in both groups, with K. oxytoca overrepresented in the COVID- group (14.3% vs . 5.3%; p < 0.05). Cotrimoxazole-resistant bacteria were over-observed in the COVID + group (18.5% vs . 6.1%; p <0.05), and after stratification for K. pneumoniae (39.6% vs . 0%; p <0.05). In contrast, overrepresentation of aminoglycoside-resistant strains was observed in the COVID- group (20% vs . 13.9%; p < 0.01). Pseudomonas sp. was more frequently isolated from COVID + VAPs (23.9% vs . 16.7%; p <0.01) but in COVID- showed more carbapenem resistance (11.1% vs . 0.8%; p <0.05) and greater resistance to at least two aminoglycosides (11.8% vs . 1.4%; p < 0.05) and to quinolones (53.6% vs . 7.0%; p <0.05). These patients were more frequently infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria than COVID + (40.1% vs . 13.8%; p < 0.01). Conclusions The present study demonstrated that the bacterial epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of VAP in COVID + is different from that of COVID- patients. These features call for further study to tailor antibiotic therapies in VAP patients.
The excavation of the rock-shelter of Roc’h Santeg Leton (Santec, Finistère) have been made in 2015 and 2016. This emergency excavation on the islet is linked to research programs on armorican rock ...shelters (”Take Shelter!” program) and on the erosion of coastal heritage (”ALeRT“ program). D. Roué discovered the site in 1985 on a rocky islet 1300 m from the coast. Nine periods of occupation have been identified recorded in a 1.10 m thick stratigraphy. Relatively modest, the archaeological artefacts collected during the excavation includes shards, charcoals, rare hazelnut shells and lithic pieces (flint, quartz, granite macro-tools). The Middle Paleolithic is attributable to a recent phase of the Middle Paleolithic, either during MIS 5 (5d/5a), or during the Weichselian (MIS 4 to 3). Mesolithic lithic pieces are related to the Bertheaume Group (Early Mesolithic) and the Teviecien of Beg-er-Vil facies (Late Mesolithic). At the top of the stratigraphy, a small bowl-shaped hearth is radiocarbon dated to the late Gallic period (La Tène) and accompanied by shards attributed to the early/mid Iron Age. A small contemporary pit was filled with shells, mainly limpets. The geoarchaeological analysis shows that the “littoral” signal is not perceived through the soil-sedimentary dynamics, which is largely controlled by colluvial inputs and concentrated runoff. This excavation validates fast methods for maritime prehistory, from which water sieving, the only means of correctly sampling prehistoric sites, is never excluded.
La fouille d’urgence menée en 2015 et 2016 dans l’abri-sous-roche de Roc’h Santeg Leton (Santec, Finistère) est née de réflexions convergentes sur les abris-sous-roche (programme « Tous aux abris ! ») et sur l’érosion du patrimoine littoral (programme « ALeRT »). Le site est installé sur un îlot rocheux à 1 300 m de la côte et a été découvert par D. Roué en 1985. Neuf moments d’occupation ont été enregistrés dans une stratigraphie de 1,10 m d’épaisseur. Relativement modique, le mobilier archéologique recueilli lors de la fouille comprend des tessons, des charbons, des rares coquilles de noisette et des pièces lithiques (silex, quartz, macro-outils en granite). Le Paléolithique moyen est attribuable à une phase récente, soit pendant le MIS 5 (5d/5a), soit durant le Weichselien récent (MIS 4 à 3). Le mobilier lithique mésolithique est rapportable au groupe de Bertheaume (Premier Mésolithique) et au Téviecien de faciès Beg-er-Vil (Second Mésolithique). En sommet de stratigraphie, un petit foyer en cuvette est daté par le radiocarbone de la fin de la période gauloise (La Tène) et accompagné de tessons attribués au début/milieu du second âge du Fer. Une petite fosse contemporaine était remplie de coquilles, essentiellement des patelles. L’analyse géoarchéologique montre que le signal « littoral » n’est pas perçu à travers la dynamique pédo-sédimentaire qui est largement contrôlée par des apports colluviaux et des ruissellements concentrés. Cette opération de sauvetage a permis de valider des méthodes d’intervention rapide, dont n’est jamais exclu le tamisage à l’eau, seul moyen d’échantillonner correctement des sites préhistoriques.
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