Background. The stop dialysate flow (SDF) method of post-dialysis urea sampling is the most commonly used method in the UK. It can also be used with a published formula to predict 30 min equilibrated ...urea accurately. The method has not been validated in patients undergoing haemodiafiltration (HDF). Given the increased use of HDF across Europe, we felt it prudent to assess the utility of the SDF method and prediction equation in this modality. Methods. Fourteen patients from two renal units were studied. Blood samples were taken at 1 min intervals from the arterial side of the dialysis circuit in the first 5 min after HDF had ceased whilst blood circulation continued. A peripheral sample was taken from the contralateral arm immediately after HDF had ceased and a 30 min sample was taken from the arterial needle. These samples were used to assess the utility of 5 min arterial blood urea and the 30 min prediction formula, respectively. Results. Blood urea measured from the arterial circuit at 5 min correlated closely with the contralateral sample taken immediately post-HDF, with no significant difference (6.45±2.11 vs 6.52±2.19 mmol/l, P = 0.39). The use of 5 min arterial blood urea and prediction formula allowed an accurate prediction of 30 min urea (R2 = 0.96). Conclusions. The use of the SDF method with a 5 min post-HDF arterial sample is valid in patients receiving HDF. The previously published prediction formula for estimating 30 min urea is also valid using the 5 min post-HDF sample.
A mail survey of swine producers in Ontario was undertaken during 1991 to describe the types, frequency, and motives for antimicrobial use. Two hundred operations that marketed fewer than 350 hogs ...per year, and 800 that marketed more than 350 per year were sent questionnaires, 63% of which were completed and returned. Most operations (86%) added antimicrobials to starter (weanling pig) rations, while fewer (29%) added these drugs to finisher pig rations. The most commonly used antimicrobials were tylosin, carbadox, and furazolidone in weanling pigs, and tylosin, lincomycin, and tetracycline in finishers. Water medication of grower-finisher pigs was practised on 25% of farms; 80% of farms had injected at least some grower-finisher pigs with antimicrobials in the 12 mo preceding the survey. Approximately 20% of operations that added antimicrobials to finisher rations did so for growth promotion purposes only, while others used them for disease treatment, prevention, control, or a combination of reasons. Among those not using antimicrobials in finisher rations, 83% did not believe they were necessary and 37% were concerned about the potential for residues in marketed hogs.
We present deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide-Field Camera (WFC) V- and I-band images of three distant weak radio galaxies with z = 0.311-2.390 and seven field galaxies with z = 0.131-0.58. The ...images were deconvolved with both the Lucy and multiresolution CLEAN methods, which yield a restoring Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) of less than or equal to 0.2 sec, (nearly) preserve photons and signal-to-noise ratio at low spatial frequencies, and produce consistent light profiles down to our 2 sigma surface brightness sensitivity limit of V approximately 27.2 and I approximately 25.9 mag/sq arcsec. Multi-component image modeling was used to provide deconvolution-independent estimates of structural parameters for symmetric galaxies. We present 12-band (m(sub 2750) UBVRIgriJHK) photometry for a subset of the galaxies and bootstrap the unknown FOC/48 zero point at 2750 A in three independent ways (yielding m(sub 2750) = 21.34 +/- 0.09 mag for 1.0 e(-)/s). Two radio galaxies with z = 0.311 and 0.528, as well as one field galaxy with z = 0.58, have the colors and spectra of early-type galaxies, and a(exp 1/4)-like light profiles in the HST images. The two at z greater than 0.5 have little or no color gradients in V - I and are likely giant ellipticals, while the z = 0.311 radio galaxy has a dim exponential disk and is likely an S0. Six of the seven field galaxies have light profiles that indicate (small) inner bulges following a(exp 1/4) laws and outer exponential disks, both with little or no color gradients. These are (early-type) spiral galaxies with z = 0.131-0.528. About half have faint companions or bars. One shows lumpy structure, possibly a merger. The compact narrow-line galaxy 53W002 at z = 2.390 has less than or = 30% +/- 10% of its HST V and I flux in the central kiloparsec (due to its weak Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN)). Most of its light (V approximately equal to 23.3) occurs in a symmetric envelope with a regular a(exp 1/4)-like profile of effective radius a approximately equal to 1.1 sec (approximately equal to 12 kpc for H(sub 0) = 50, q(sub 0) = 0.1. Its (HST) V - I color varies at most from approximately 0.3 mag at a approximately equal to 0.2 sec to approximately 1.2 mag at a approximately greater than 0.4 sec, and possibly to approximately greater than 2.2 mag at a approximately greater than 1.2 sec. Together with its I - K color (approximately equal to 2.5 mag for a approximately greater than 1.0 sec-2.0 sec), this is consistent with an aging stellar population approximately 0.3-0.5 Gyr old in the galaxy center (a approx. less than 2 kpc radius), and possibly approximately 0.5-1.0 Gyr old at a approximately greater than 10 kpc radius. While its outer part may thus have started to collapse at z = 2.5-4, its inner part still is aligned with its redshifted Ly(alpha) cloud and its radio axis, possibly caused by star formation associated with the radio jet, or by reflection from its AGN cone.
Evoked potentials were recorded to the occurrence of a disparate stimulus in dynamic random dot stereograms. Seven adult males, all of whom had vision which was normal or corrected to normal, ...participated in the experiment. Subjects viewed 100 ms duration stimuli which embodied 30 arc min of either crossed or uncrossed disparity under four conditions of spherical overcorrection: -0.25, +1.0, +2.0, +3.0 dioptres. The first condition, essentially normal refraction, yielded reliable behavioural reports of the stimulus and clear evoked potentials to both crossed and uncrossed disparity. With increasing overcorrection the behavioural reports became less reliable, and the evoked potentials were degraded for both conditions of disparity. The responses to the crossed disparity condition, however, showed significantly less degradation in both behavioural and electrophysiological measures. The implications of this finding may be that there are separate cortical subsystems for the processing of crossed and uncrossed disparity and that the former is more robust under non-ideal viewing conditions.
Aim: This study was undertaken to determine the haemodynamic effect of incompetent calf perforating veins in patients with uncomplicated varicose veins and long saphenous incompetence.
Methods: ...Thirty‐eight limbs from 35 patients were studied. All patients had uncomplicated varicose veins with both long saphenous and calf perforator incompetence on duplex ultrasonography. Patients were randomized to have incompetent calf perforators ligated or left intact, in addition to saphenofemoral junction ligation, strip of long saphenous vein to knee and stab avulsion of any visible varicosities in the leg. Patients were assessed with air plethysmography pre‐operatively and 3 months postoperatively.
Results: Superficial venous surgery improved venous volume, venous filling index and ejection fraction in the patient cohort. No significant haemodynamic difference was demonstrated between the two groups of patients who were randomized.
Conclusions: At present, the results of this study do not support the use of routine perforator ligation during superficial surgery for uncomplicated varicose veins.
Considerable attention has recently been focused on the interaction between downgoing hydromagnetic waves, manifested as ULF pulsations on ground magnetometer records, and the ionospheric plasma. ...Models of the interaction involve parameters which require experimental evaluation. We consider two aspects. First, new measurements of standing oscillations of low latitude geomagnetic field lines permit the calculation of the ionospheric scale size of the pulsation signal and the damping factor. The role and diurnal variation of ionospheric O
+ may also be monitored. Second, we discuss observations of correlated ULF oscillations measured in the F region using HF Doppler sounders, and on the ground with magnetometers, during a six month campaign. Statistical data and case studies illustrate that a simple phase relationship exists between certain classes of magnetic and ionospheric oscillations. These results raise new questions on the modelling of hydromagnetic waves in the ionosphere.
Supplementation of young sheep with lupins plus sulfur and a complete mineral mix Doyle, P.T. (Western Australian Dept. of Agriculture, Albany. Div. of Animal Production); Love, R.A; Dunlop, R.H. (Western Australian Dept. of Agriculture, Albany. Div. of Animal Health) ...
Australian journal of experimental agriculture,
(1992), Letnik:
32, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Young Merino sheep were given weekly supplements of 1050 g per sheep of lupins, lupins coated with potassium sulfate, lupins and access to a mineral lick, or lupins coated with potassium sulfate and ...access to the lick. The sheep grazed an annual pasture at a stocking rate of 15 sheep per ha and were given the supplements between December and April. The amount of pasture on offer in mid Decemberr exceeded 3000kg DM per ha but declined to 1500kg DM per kg in late March. There were no significant amounts of green feed present in December and March, a small amount in January, and none in February. Despite this, the percentage of sheep licking the minerals was over 70 in January, February and March, with average intake being about 10g per sheep per day. No significant differences occurred between treatments for liveweights of sheep during the feeding period or at shearing. Over the feeding period sheep lost weight at about 30g per day. Neither the additional S nor the mineral lick had any significant effects on fleece characteristics. Wool growth rates were not different between treatments during the feeding period. These results indicate that under good pasture conditions with some green feed available, and when lupins are supplied, responses to mineral supplements are unlikely.
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