Plasma-activated water (PAW) is a novel and promising technique in the agricultural field that has the potential to improve vegetable growth and yield. The objective of this study was to determine ...the effect of plasma-activated water seeds treatment and growth conditions on pepper plant growth parameters and fruit quality. A factorial design of three factors (C = cultivar, GC = growth condition, and PAW = plasma activated water treatment seeds) was established, with two variants for each one: Cultivar 1 (C1) and Cultivar 2 (C2); greenhouse (G) and open field (F); PAW seeds treatment (PAW) and seeds without treatment with PAW (C). Four replicates with fifty seeds were taken for each variety. Growth and fruit quality parameters were measured in the three month period during 2021 and 2022, respectively. The significant influence of cultivar, growing condition, and PAW on fruit quality and pepper plant growth parameters were determined. The lowest values of measured parameters were obtained in the open field without PAW treatment. Pepper growth in a greenhouse from PAW-treated seeds had a higher canopy height (17.85%), weight (10.57%), number of leaves (10.5%), nodes (18.94%), and buds (37.83%). Moreover, dry matter content was higher (33.73%) as well as fruit quality: fruit weight (50.19%), diameter (24.3%), length (20.88%), and pericarp weight (49.49%). Results indicate that PAW treatment of peppers seeds can lead to production and yield improvement under different climates and growing conditions.
The aim of this work was to determine if PAW (Plasma Activated Water) seed treatment and growing conditions could have positive effects on lettuce seedlings and growth. The paper presents the results ...of a pot experiment on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivation in greenhouse and field conditions after seed treatment with PAW. The experiment was conducted in two consecutive seasons in 2021 and 2022 and the following growth parameters were measured: head mass, rosette height, rosette width, number of leaves, root mass and root length. As a result of the study, it was found that lettuces grown in the greenhouse from PAW treated seeds had higher results in the first measurement for both cultivars (mass 32.26%, diameter 19.01%, number of leaves 13.49% and height 24.01%), while there were no statistically significant effects on the root system. The lowest results were obtained in untreated and field-grown plants. In addition, plant dry matter was measured and it was found that plants grown from PAW treated seeds had a higher percentage of dry matter (11.51% in 2021, and 11.58% in 2022). It was also found that cultivation in greenhouse resulted in a better quality of plants than the cultivation in the open field.
The main aim of this study was to assess genetic diversity within the natural populations of field pea rhizobia on different field sites in Northwestern Croatia and to evaluate their symbiotic ...efficiency. Identification of related bacterial strains was carried out using RAPD and rep-PCR methods and on the basis of differences in the nodulation nodD gene region by PCR-RFLP method. Indigenous strains have been shown to differ significantly from each other as well as from the reference strains Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae used in these study. Based on the nodulation genes, it was found that most isolates have the same or very similar nodulation nodD region except the isolates K22 and K23. A greenhouse studie was performed for evaluation of symbiotic efficiency of strains. The highest nodule dry weight was determined by inoculation with strains K23, K22, K17 and K20, indicating their high infectivity and nodulation ability. Significantly higher green mass and dry matter yield in abouveground plant parts were determined by inoculation with two indigenous strains K26 and K16 that showed potentially high symbiotic efficiency compared to other tested strains.
Kalcij i magnezij pripadaju skupini zemnoalkalijskih metala značajno zastupljenih u zemljinoj litosferi, odnosno skupini umjereno pokretnih makrohraniva koji imaju važnu ulogu u ishrani bilja. Svrha ...ovoga istraživanja jest usporedba količine ekstrahiranoga kalcija i magnezija otopinom amonijeva acetata (AA) i otopinom Mehlich 3 (Mehlich 3) iz tala
istočne Hrvatske. Ukupno 200 uzoraka oraničnih horizonata (0 - 30 cm) najzastupljenijih tipova tala prikupljeni su u pet županija istočne Hrvatske 2012. godine. Nakon određivanja pH vrijednosti i sadržaja ukupnih karbonata u tlu grupirani su uzorci tla (uzorci s manje od 3,5 i
više od 3,5% CaCO3). Utvrđeno je da metoda Mehlich 3 ekstrahira više kalcija i magnezija od metode AA, a razlike u količini ekstrahiranih kationa izraženije su kod karbonatnijih tala (>3,5% CaCO3), posebno za kalcij. U tlima s manjim sadržajem CaCO3 utvrđena je statistički vrlo
značajna korelaciju (P≤0,01) između metoda AA i Mehlich 3 u količini ekstrahiranoga kalcija i magnezija. Statistički je vrlo značajna korelacija (P≤0,01) utvrđena i između količina Mg AA i Mg Mehlich 3 u tlima sa sadržajem CaCO3 većim od 3,5%, što obje metode čini pogodnima za određivanje magnezija neovisno o sadržaju CaCO3 u tlu.
Calcium and magnesium belong to a group of alkaline earth metals from lithosphere moderately mobile macronutrients which play an important role in plant nutrition. The aim of this paper was to compare quantities
of extracted calcium and magnesium by ammonium acetate (AA) and by Mehlich 3 (Mehlich3) solutions from soils of eastern Croatia. The samples of the most representative soil types were gathered in five counties of eastern Croatia in 2012. After measuring the pH value and the overall carbonates being in soils, samples have been arranged into groups with less than 3.5% and more than 3.5% CaCO3. It was determined that Mehlich 3 method extracts more calcium and magnesium than AA method
and differences were especially pronounced for calcium in soils containing more carbonates. In soils with less CaCO3 the statistically very significant correlation (P≤0.01) was determined between AA and Mehlich 3 methods regarding extracted calcium and magnesium. The results
of these studies confirmed significant correlation (P≤0.01) between Mg AA and Mg Mehlich 3 methods in soils with more than 3.5% CaCO3 making both methods suitable for Mg determination regardless the soil CaCO3.
The metals such as Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn are the essential elements that have an important role in the human immune system. The aim of this research was to determine the concentration of nutritive values ...of macroelements (N, P, and K) and microelements (Fe and Zn) in a mushroom substrate and in a champignon mushroom fruiting body. A trial was conducted in the mushroom production company Romanjek LLC in Slavonski Brod, Croatia. It was conducted in four vegetation cycles on two different substrates, the one originating from Eastern Europe and the other originating from Northern Europe. At the end of the trial, the basic chemical properties of substrates and mushrooms were recorded. A comparison of investigated substrate measurements demonstrates that the highest content of elements N, P, and K was determined in the substrate 2 originating from Northern Europe, while the concentration of microelements Fe and Zn was higher in substrate 1, originating, from Eastern Europe. There was a statistically significant difference in a macroelement content in the mushrooms grown on the substrates of different origin, as well as in the transfer of Zn and Fe from a substrate to mushrooms. There was a higher accumulation of the transferred Zn in comparison to Fe in the mushrooms regardless of the origin of the substrate.
Šampinjoni su jedna od ekonomski najznačajnijih jestivih vrsta gljiva, iznimno dobre nutritivne vrijednosti, koja ima važnu ulogu u zdravoj prehrani. Metali Fe, Cu, Zn i Mn su esencijalni elementi koji imaju važnu ulogu u jačanju ljudskoga imuniteta. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi koncentracije makroelemenata (N, P i K) i mikroelemenata (Fe i Zn) u supstratima i plodnim tijelima gljiva. Pokus je postavljen u proizvodnji gljiva Romanjek d. o. o. (Slavonski Brod, Hrvatska) i provodio se tijekom četiri vegetacijska ciklusa na dva supstrata različitoga geografskog podrijetla. Jedan supstrat (supstrat 1) proizveden je u istočnoj Europi, a drugi (supstrat 2) u sjevernoj Europi. Na kraju pokusa analizirana su osnovna kemijska svojstva supstrata i uzoraka istraživanih gljiva. Usporedbom rezultata istraživanih supstrata ustanovljen je veći sadržaj N, P i K u supstratu 2 podrijetlom sa sjevera Europe, ali je koncentracija mikroelemenata Fe i Zn bila veća u supstratu 1, podrijetlom s istoka Europe. Statistički značajna razlika ustanovljena je u sadržaju makroelemenata u gljivama uzgojenim na supstratima različitoga podrijetla, kao i u transferu Zn i Fe iz supstrata u gljive. Osim toga, uspoređujući akumulaciju transferiranoga Zn i Fe, ustanovljena je veća akumulacija Zn u gljivama bez obzira na podrijetlo supstrata.
The aim of this work was to determine if PAW (Plasma Activated Water) seed treatment and growing conditions could have positive effects on lettuce seedlings and growth. The paper presents the results ...of a pot experiment on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivation in greenhouse and field conditions after seed treatment with PAW. The experiment was conducted in two consecutive seasons in 2021 and 2022 and the following growth parameters were measured: head mass, rosette height, rosette width, number of leaves, root mass and root length. As a result of the study, it was found that lettuces grown in the greenhouse from PAW treated seeds had higher results in the first measurement for both cultivars (mass 32.26%, diameter 19.01%, number of leaves 13.49% and height 24.01%), while there were no statistically significant effects on the root system. The lowest results were obtained in untreated and field-grown plants. In addition, plant dry matter was measured and it was found that plants grown from PAW treated seeds had a higher percentage of dry matter (11.51% in 2021, and 11.58% in 2022). It was also found that cultivation in greenhouse resulted in a better quality of plants than the cultivation in the open field.
Uzgoj brzorastućih biljnih vrsta osigurava nove energetske izvore koji omogućuju zaštitu šuma od sječe i posredno ublažavaju postojeće klimatske promjene. Paulovnija je drvenasta biljka značajna za ...proizvodnju biljne biomase koju odlikuje brzo klijanje, rast i razvoj velike količine lisne i drvenaste mase u kratkom uzgojnom periodu. Radi brzine rasta i formiranja stabla ujednačene debljine, pogodna je za preradu te je jedna od osnovnih sirovina u drvoprerađivačkoj industriji, ali i za upotrebu u energetske svrhe. Međutim, u početnim fazama rasta i razvoja, paulovnija je osjetljiva na povećanu vlažnost koja uzrokuje pojavu bolesti, štetnika i propadanje biljke. Stoga se, kod uzgoja presadnica paulovnije radi prevladavanja potencijalnog stresa i osjetljivosti na vodni režim preporučuje upotreba biostimulatora. To su fiziološke aktivne tvari koje biljkama pomažu pri rastu i razvoju, te smanjuju štetne posljedice nastale od suše, smrzavanja, mehaničkih i kemijskih oštećenja kao i od infekcija biljaka. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj primjene biostimulatora Delfan Plus® u različitom vremenskom periodu na rast i razvoj hibrida paulovnije Shan Tong (Paulownia fortunei × Paulownia tomentosa) iz „in vitro“ proizvodnje. Pokus je postavljen sa sadnicama koje su prihranjivane s biostimulatorom Delfan Plus® u količini 8 ml/10 l vode. Tretiranje biostimulatorom je obavljeno u tri varijante: prihrana biostimulatorom svakih 7, 14, 21 dana te kontrolna varijanta (bez primjene biostimulatora). Tijekom praćenja rasta i razvoja paulovnije, u periodu od jedanaest tjedana određivana je visina sadnica, a na kraju pokusa broj listova, masa listova (g), masa suhe tvari listova (g), masa suhe tvari stabljika (g), duljina korijenja (cm), masa svježe tvari korijenja (g) i masa suhe tvari korijenja (g). Rezultatima istraživanja utvrđen je najveći porast nadzemnog dijela biljaka kao i veći broj listova nakon tretiranja s biostimulatorom svakih 14 dana. Ove sadnice imale su čvršći i razvijeniji korijen za razliku od sadnica s ostalim tretmanima biostimulatorom. Najbolja iskoristivost svih elemenata sadržanih u biostimulatoru uočena je na vanjskom izgledu sadnica koje su bile zdravog izgleda bez pojave bolesti i štetnika. Rezultati istraživanja potvrđuju da primjena biostimulatora olakšava i ubrzava proces uzgoja sadnica paulovnije namijenjenih u komercijalne svrhe.Ključne riječi
Paulownia is an exotic, ornamental and decorative woody plant originating from China, and in terms of agrotechnical cultivation and use, it is important for plant biomass production. The plant characteristics are rapid germination, plant growth, development of large amounts of leaf and woody mass in a short vegetation period. Due to fast growth and the formation of uniform thickness trees, paulownia is suitable for processing and one of the basic raw materials in the wood industry, but it is also suitable for energy production. However, in paulownia initial stages of growth and development, sensitivity to increased humidity was determined, which causes the appearance of diseases, pests and plant decay. In order to overcome the potential stress and sensitivity to the water regime in initial stages of transplants development, the use of biostimulants is recommended. Biostimulants are physiologically active substances that help in plant growth and development, reduce the harmful consequences of drought, freezing, mechanical and chemical damage and the consequences of plant infections. The aim of this study was to determine the application impact of biostimulants Delfan Plus® in different time periods on the growth and development of hybrid ʹShan Tongʹ (Paulownia fortunei × Paulownia tomentosa) transplants from "in vitro" production. In study, transplants were treated with the biostimulants in the amount of 8 ml/10 l of water. Plants were treated in three different variants: treating every 7, 14, 21 days and the control (without treating) was performed. During the monitoring of transplants growth and development in a period of eleven weeks, the height of the plant (cm), number of leaves and the length of the roots (cm) were measured. The research results determined the largest increase in the height of the plants, as well as a larger number of leaves after biostimulants treating used every 14 days. These transplants had a firmer and more developed roots in contrast seedlings in other treatments. The best utilization of all biostimulant elements was observed on transplants that were healthy looking without the appearance of diseases and pests. The obtained results indicate that use of biostimulants enhance process of growth of paulownia transplants intended for commercial purpose madding the process easier and faster.
Odvodnja suvišnih oborinskih, slivnih i voda u tlu kao meliorativna mjera spada u važne mjere upravljanja vodama u područjima zahvaćenim nepovoljnim klimatskim uvjetima. Na području grada Slavonskog ...Broda u Brodsko posavskoj županiji, provedeno je istraživanje i analiziranje utjecaja oborina na protok vode u istočnom lateralnom kanalu „Jelas polja“. Cilj ovoga rada bio je kroz tri mjeseca (veljača, ožujak, travanj, 2022. godine) praćenja količine dnevnih oborina utvrditi njihov utjecaj na omočenu površinu (Op) i količinu protoka vode (Pv) u lateralnom kanalu. Praćenje suvišne vode u kanalskoj mreži sustava za odvodnju može biti dobar pokazatelj učinkovitosti sustava za odvodnju, njenog utjecaja na pokose kanala te može utjecati i na stabilizaciju prinosa poljoprivrednih kultura. Najveći protok vode tokom ovoga istraživanja iznosio je 744,33 m3 h-1, dok je najmanji bio 33,71 m3 h-1. Najmanja brzina od 0,57 m s-1 zabilježena je u isto vrijeme kada i najmanji volumen protoka vode. Na osnovu prikupljenih podataka može se zaključiti da su kanal i njegovi pokosi dobro hidraulički projektirani te obzirom na prikupljenu vodu koja utječe na omočenu površinu i protok vode ne dolazi do povećanja brzine kretanja vode što može nepovoljno djelovati na stranice kanala.
Drainage of excess precipitatio, stream water and soil ground water as meliorative measure belongs to an important water management measures in areas affected by unfavorable climatic conditions. In the area City of Slavonski Brod in the Brod-Posavina County, research of the precipitation impact on the water flow in the eastern lateral canal "Jelas polje" was done. The aim of this work was monitoring of daily precipitation for three months (February, March, April, 2022) to determine its impact on the wetted surface (Op) and t he water flow volume (Pv) in the lateral canal. Monitoring excess water in the cannel network of the drainage system can be a good indicator of the efficiency of the drainage system, its influence on the slopes of the cannel and can have positive effects on the yield of agricultural crops. The highest water flow volume during this research was 744.33 m3 h-1, while the lowest was 33.71 m3 h-1. The lowest water velocity of 0.57 m s-1 was recorded at the same time as the lowest water flow volume. Based on the collected data, it can be concluded that the cannel and its slopes are well hydraulically designed. Also considering the collected water that affects the wetted surface and the water flow volume, there is no significant increase on the speed of water, which can unfavorable affect the cannel slopes.
Peršin listaš Petroselinum crispum Mill. je vrlo cijenjena začinska biljka koja se može uzgajati u vrtu, ali i kao lončanica što je danas sve popularniji način uzgoja u kućanstvima. Kvaliteta ...presadnica peršina ovisi o kvaliteti sjemena te uvjetima uzgoja. U svrhu istraživanja korištene su tri vrste sjemena peršina listaša kategorije Commun 2 (uvoznika Miagra d.o.o., uvoznika Marcon d.o.o. i proizvođača Royal). Za uzgoj su korištena dva profesionalna supstrata namijenjena uzgoju presadnica povrća: Klasmann TS 1 fine i Terra Brill BIO START. Mjereni parametri su bili: klijavost, masa biljke, visina biljke i duljina korijena. Uzgoj je obavljen u zaštićenom prostoru, uz pridržavanje svih potrebnih uvjeta uzgoja. Utvrđene su značajne razlike ovisno o uzgojnom supstratu u % nicanja, masi i duljini korijena dok kod visine nije utvrđena razlika.
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