In Japan, maintenance of existing bridges has become increasingly important due to the increase of aging bridges. Inspection technicians regularly visit bridge locations to conduct visual inspections ...of bridge damage to ensure that the damage is recognized and recorded. However, the results of visual inspections for the same location vary depending on the experience of the inspectors. In developing countries abroad, the maintenance and management sector has not been prioritized and there are deficiencies in the number, experience and capacity of bridge inspectors. With the spread of DX technology in the global infrastructure sector, there is a growing expectation for more advanced, efficient and cost-effective training of maintenance and management personnel using BIM/CIM. In this study, a three-dimensional model was created using the SfM methodology, and a number of Chinese university students were educated to conduct online inspection. Finally, questionnaire and discussion were conducted to examine the validity of maintenance and management talent training. The results showed that the method was effective.
Aqueous Zn||vanadium oxide batteries (ZVBs) have recently received considerable attention owing to their high capacity, safety, environmental friendliness, and cost effectiveness. However, the ...limited cycling stability caused by the irreversible dissolution in traditional aqueous electrolytes still restricts their further application. Herein, a novel 3 m Zn(CF3SO3)2 electrolyte with a mixture solvent of propylene carbonate (PC) and H2O is adopted for aqueous vanadium‐based zinc‐ion batteries. With the manipulation of the electrolyte solvation structure, the optimized P20 (20% PC in volume ratio) electrolyte enables super‐stable cycling performance with high‐capacity retention of 99.5%/97% after 100/1000 cycles at 0.1/5 A g−1 at ambient environment in the Zn||NaV3O8·1.5H2O batteries. Systematical electrochemical testing and characterizations illustrate the addition of PC effectively reduces the active water molecule in Zn2+‐solvent cations and H+ in the electrolyte, thereby suppressing the cathode dissolution caused by the inserted H+ and co‐inserted H2O during the discharge/charge process. Impressively, the PC addition also enabled the Zn||NaV3O8·1.5H2O batteries present high specific capacity of 183/168 mAh g‐1 and high‐capacity retention of 100%/100% over 300/400 cycles at 0.1/0.2 A g‐1 at −40 °C, thus efficiently broadening the practical application for ZVB. This research may provide a promising strategy for designing high‐performance electrolytes for aqueous vanadium‐based batteries.
A novel 3 m zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate electrolyte with a mixture solvent of propylene carbonate and H2O is adopted for aqueous vanadium‐based zinc‐ion batteries.
Tertiary control is the highest level in hierarchical control of microgrids to perform power exchange between the microgrid and external networks. In this Letter, a tertiary control strategy based on ...predictive function control (PFC) is proposed to manage power flow in DC microgrid (DCMG) clusters. Unlike linear PI control suitable for single-input and single-output systems, the PFC strategy is a nonlinear control method and capable of multiple input and multiple output control tasks with multiple objectives optimisation on-line. By solving the cost function in the finite receding horizon, voltage set points are computed in real-time to create bus voltage difference for power transfer between interconnected DCMGs. The PFC-based tertiary control for the DCMG cluster is verified through simulations.
One effective solution to inhibit side reactions and Zn dendrite growth in aqueous Zn-ion batteries is to add a cosolvent into the Zn(CF3SO3)2 electrolyte, which has the potential to form a robust ...solid electrolyte interface composed of ZnF2 and ZnS. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of discussion on a convenient selection method for cosolvents, which can directly reflect the interactions between solvent and solute to rationally design the electrolyte solvation structure. Herein, logP, where P is the octanol-water partition coefficient, a general parameter to describe the hydrophilicity and lipophilicity of chemicals, is proposed as a standard for selecting cosolvents for Zn(CF3SO3)2 electrolyte, which is demonstrated by testing seven different types of solvents. The solvent with a logP value similar to that of the salt anion CF3SO3- can interact with CF3SO3-, Zn2+, and H2O, leading to a reconstruction of the electrolyte solvation structure. To prove the concept, methyl acetate (MA) is demonstrated as an example due to its similar logP value to that of CF3SO3-. Both the experimental and theoretical results illustrate that MA molecules not only enter into the solvation shell of CF3SO3- but also coordinate with Zn2+ or H2O, forming an MA and CF3SO3- involved core-shell solvation structure. The special solvation structure reduces H2O activity and contributes to forming an anion-induced ZnCO3-ZnF2-rich solid electrolyte interface. As a result, the Zn||Zn cell and Zn||NaV3O8·1.5H2O cell with MA-involved electrolyte exhibit superior performances to that with the MA-free electrolyte. This work provides an insight into electrolyte design via salt anion chemistry for high-performance Zn batteries.
It is of great significance to enhance mechanical properties and thermal stability of high-performance polymers. A new coordination polymer film (Ni/PPy) with high tensile strength and excellent heat ...resistance has been successfully prepared via a palladium-catalyzed C-C coupling reaction. For newly synthesized polymer film, bipyridine is incorporated into polymer chains during the synthesis process and subsequently crosslinked by nickel acetate. More importantly, Ni-coordination can be removed by external pyrophosphate to recover the linear polymer, which endows the polymer with recyclability. This strategy is expected to be an effective means for increasing the mechanical properties and recyclability of high-performance polymer materials.
Current articulated object pose estimation methods largely rely on dense prediction for all the input observed point cloud that suffers from huge computational costs and inference time. Besides, ...self-occlusion is also becoming a key problem that limits the pose estimation performance for those child parts. To solve these issues, we propose a Reinforcement learning based Articulation Pose EstimatoR (ReAPER), which integrates RL into deep neural network for per-part pose estimation. Specifically, we design the novel action space that involves the object's rotation and translation, as well as a reward function considering chamfer distance during pose fitting. To speed up the RL policy training, we employ imitation learning for policy initialization. Finally, we also introduce a new kinematic energy function to optimize the child parts' poses. Experimental results show that ReAPER could obtain state-of-the-art performance on articulated object pose estimation task.
Multiple DC microgrids (DCMGs) are interconnected to form the DCMG cluster that can achieve various benefits of microgrid-based power solutions, e.g., low cost, high-demand response, high resilience, ...etc. The task to manage power flow that enables the benefits of DCMG clusters is assigned to the tertiary control in the hierarchical control paradigm. Meanwhile, the tertiary control is usually implemented with distributed communication which can enhance fault-tolerance, reliability, and expandability of DCMG clusters. So far, the existing distributed tertiary control is in general based on the conventional linear proportional-integral (PI) algorithms, and thus the performance of the linear controls for such complex nonlinear and higher-order networks of the DCMG clusters are limited. This paper introduces prediction function control (PFC) for the tertiary level of the hierarchical control of the DCMG clusters and implements the new algorithm with remained distributed control structure. In the proposed distributed predictive tertiary control (DPTC), the dynamic consensus protocol is deployed based on the sharing of information between neighboring agents. Under various test scenarios, the effectiveness of the DPTC strategy for the DCMG cluster that consists of three islanding DCMGs is verified through simulations and experimental results.
The hierarchical control framework including primary, secondary, and tertiary levels has become a standard solution for control of microgrids (MGs), where the tertiary is responsible for power flow ...management among clusters of microgrids. This paper presents a predictive function controller (PFC) design in tertiary level for DC microgrid (DCMG) clusters. The loading mismatch among neighbor microgrids is used in an updating policy to adjust voltage set points of the DC microgrids to facilitate the power flow and thus mitigate such mismatch. The design procedure of the PFC controller is detailed, and the simulation model with two interconnected DC microgrids is built in MATLAB/Simulink environment to verify the controller performance.
PDF
