Pure electric vehicles (PEVs) provide a unique problem in powertrain design through the meeting of performance specifications whilst maximising driving range. The consideration of single speed and ...multispeed transmissions for electric vehicles provides two strategies for achieving desired range and performance specifications. Through the implementation of system level vehicle models, design analysis, and optimisation, this paper analyses the application of both single speed and two-speed transmission applications to electric vehicles. Initially, transmission ratios are designed based on grade and top speed requirements, and impact on vehicle traction curve is evaluated. Then performance studies are conducted for different transmission ratios using both single speed and two-speed powertrain configurations to provide a comparative assessment of the vehicles. Finally, multivariable optimisation in the form of genetic algorithms is employed to determine an optimal gear ratio selection for single speed and two-speed PEVs. Results demonstrate that the two-speed transmission is capable of achieving better results for performance requirements over a single speed transmission, including vehicle acceleration and grade climbing. However, the lower powertrain efficiency reduces the simulated range results.
High performances of Hybrid Dye Sensitized Solar Cell are necessary in absorbing more sunlight and needed renewable energy source to replace depleted fossil fuels via green energy. Hybrid DSSC is ...another promising option towards green energy to explore. This research aims, i) to study conjugated chlorophyll in order to increase charge carrier in molecule structure besides, increase the absorption spectrum via conjugating process with the addition of different amount Ferric (III) Chloride (FeCl3) acting as catalyst and, ii) to determine the effect of FeCl3 on the performance of conjugated dye as sensitizers in Hybrid DSSC. The conjugated chlorophyll shows a using UV-Visible analysis corresponding to conjugated chlorophyll absorbed in high region called red shifted which the maximum absorption obtain at a wavelength of 360nm and 311nm. Fourier Transform Infra-Red characterization of the an existing Fe-O bond appears at 430 cm-1 to 445 cm-1 and C≡C bond at 2244 cm-1 to 2260 cm-1. 10% FeCl3 in conjugated chlorophyll produce huge impact to electrical conductivity and efficiency with the highest value; 0.114 S/cm and 0.14%; respectively. Thus, it can be conclude that 10% FeCl3 of conjugated chlorophyll – Imperata cylindrica (iCHLO-IC) was suitable to be used for the next generation of hybrid DSSC.
Driving cycle tracking device big data storing and management Subramaniam, Arunkumar; Ibrahim, Nurru Anida; Jabar, Siti Norbakyah ...
International journal of electrical and computer engineering (Malacca, Malacca),
04/2022, Letnik:
12, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Driving cycle is commonly known as a series of speed-time profile. Research on this discipline aids vehicle manufacturing industries in vehicle manufacturing, environmentalists to study on ...environment quality and profile in accordance to vehicle emissions besides traffic engineers to further investigate the behavior of drivers and the conditions of roads in a certain area or cluster. This also assists automotive industries to innovate energy efficient vehicles which reduce vehicle emissions and energy wastages which lead to air pollution in which a major threat for human health according to Goal 3 of united nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDG). To construct an accurate driving cycle, data based on real-world driving behavior is crucial and as the world is advancing in technology, the usage of internet of things (IoT) plays an important role in innovatietcons. IoT is an idea of computing every day physical object and information into computers, devices and software. These devices work by using sensors that transmit data to a computer or software allowing them to perform important tasks as needed. In this research, an idea of data collecting device, driving cycle tracking device (DC-TRAD) is constructed with implementation of IoT in which the collected data will be saved into my structured query language (MySQL) database instantly for data storing.
Today, the transportation sector has undergone a change from conventional vehicle to hybrid electric vehicle especially land-based with the aim to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. However, ...water transportation is also one of the contributors of excessive use of fuel and emissions. Therefore, water transport needs changes as it has been done on land transport, especially cars. In this paper, plug in hybrid electric recreational boat (PHERB) is introduced. PHERB is a special model because in PHERB powertrain configuration, it only needed one EM compared to existing configuration with energy management strategy (EMS). In this work, the optimal EMS for PHERB are presented via genetic algorithm (GA). To estimate the fuel economy and emissions, the model of PHERB is employed numerically in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment with a special EMS using Kuala Terengganu (KT) river driving cycle. Simulation result of PHERB optimization using GA improve to 15% for KT river driving cycles without violating the PHERB performance.
With regards to its importance, the information collected for the development must be accurate and of real world based to ensure the outcome of the driving cycle is accurate. ...there is a need for a ...device with an accurate global positioning system (GPS) sensor which can capture accurate information. The webpage was coded to be refreshed for every one second in which most of the driving cycles are being constructed by means of one second interval. Since the webpage constructed will be accessed by using confidential credentials or commonly known as IP address, it is recommended to protect the access link to ensure privacy. According to 18-22, accuracy is well defined as the state of being truthful to ensure precision. According to 23-27, cruise control is when brakes are automatically applied to maintain the speed of the vehicle motor.
...these cycles' applications have failed to provide high-quality results. ...the hybrid method, is the combination of the two techniques, involves repeatedly sending a test car equipped with an ...instrument along the chosen routes during both peak and off-peak periods 23. Kuala Lumpur driving cycle Nearly all the Malaysia's researchers focus on Kuala Lumpur as the study area since Kuala Lumpur is the center of Malaysia. Since most Malaysians migrate to Kuala Lumpur to work for a living resulting Kuala Lumpur has the highest number of registered passenger vehicles in Malaysia, according to the ministry of transportation Malaysia 29. ...the initial drive cycle was validated by measuring fuel consumption on an engine bench test and comparing it to the actual driving results.
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