Iatrogenic injury of the parathyroid glands is the most frequent complication after total thyroidectomy.
To determine the effectiveness of near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) in reducing ...postoperative hypocalcemia following total thyroidectomy.
PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Randomised trials reporting at least one hypocalcemia outcome following total thyroidectomy using NIRAF were included.
The qualitative data synthesis comprised 1363 patients from nine randomised studies, NIRAF arm = 636 cases and non-NIRAF arm = 637 cases. There was a statistically significant difference in the overall rate of hypocalcemia log(OR) = -0.7 (-1.01, -0.40), M-H, REM, CI = 95% and temporary hypocalcemia log(OR) = -0.8 (-1.01, -0.59), M-H, REM, CI = 95% favouring the NIRAF. The difference in the rate of permanent hypocalcemia log(OR) = -1.09 (-2.34, 0.17), M-H, REM, CI = 95% between the two arms was lower in the NIRAF arm but was not statistically significant.
NIRAF during total thyroidectomy helps in reducing postoperative hypocalcemia. Level of evidence-1.
Inner ear spiral ganglion neurons were cultured from day 4 postnatal mice and loaded with a fluorescent Ca
indicator (fluo-4, -5F, or -5N). Pulses of infrared radiation (IR; 1,863 nm, 200 µs, 200-250 ...Hz for 2-5 s, delivered via an optical fiber) produced a rapid, transient temperature increase of 6-12°C (above a baseline of 24-30°C). These IR pulse trains evoked transient increases in both nuclear and cytosolic Ca
concentration (Ca
) of 0.20-1.4 µM, with a simultaneous reduction of Ca
in regions containing endoplasmic reticulum (ER). IR-induced increases in cytosolic Ca
continued in medium containing no added Ca
(±Ca
buffers) and low Na
, indicating that the Ca
increase was mediated by release from intracellular stores. Consistent with this hypothesis, the IR-induced Ca
response was prolonged and eventually blocked by inhibition of ER Ca
-ATPase with cyclopiazonic acid, and was also inhibited by a high concentration of ryanodine and by inhibitors of inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate (IP
)-mediated Ca
release (xestospongin C and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate). The thermal sensitivity of the response suggested involvement of warmth-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. The IR-induced Ca
increase was inhibited by TRPV4 inhibitors (HC-067047 and GSK-2193874), and immunostaining of spiral ganglion cultures demonstrated the presence of TRPV4 and TRPM2 that colocalized with ER marker GRP78. These results suggest that the temperature sensitivity of IR-induced Ca
elevations is conferred by TRP channels on ER membranes, which facilitate Ca
efflux into the cytosol and thereby contribute to Ca
-induced Ca
-release via IP
and ryanodine receptors. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Infrared radiation-induced photothermal effects release Ca
from the endoplasmic reticulum of primary spiral ganglion neurons. This Ca
release is mediated by activation of transient receptor potential (TRPV4) channels and involves amplification by Ca
-induced Ca
-release. The neurons immunostained for warmth-sensitive channels, TRPV4 and TRPM2, which colocalize with endoplasmic reticulum. Pulsed infrared radiation provides a novel experimental tool for releasing intracellular Ca
, studying Ca
regulatory mechanisms, and influencing neuronal excitability.
Summary
Despite the long history of bendamustine as treatment for indolent non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, long‐term efficacy and toxicity data are minimal. We reviewed long‐term data from three clinical ...trials to characterize the toxicity and efficacy of patients receiving bendamustine. Data were available for 149 subjects at 21 sites. The median age was 60 years at the start of bendamustine (range 39–84), and patients had received a median of 3 prior therapies. The histologies included grades 1–2 follicular lymphoma (FL; n = 73), grade 3 FL (n = 23), small lymphocytic lymphoma (n = 20), marginal zone lymphoma (n = 15), mantle cell lymphoma (n = 9), transformed lymphomas (n = 5), lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (n = 2) and not reported (n = 2). The median event‐free survival was 14·1 months. Nine of 12 attempted stem cell collections were successful. With a median follow‐up of 8·9 years, 23 patients developed 25 cancers, including 8 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukaemia. These data provide important information regarding the long‐term toxicity of bendamustine in previously treated patients. A small but meaningful number of patients achieved durable remissions following bendamustine. These rigorously collected, patient‐level, long‐term follow‐up data provide reassurance that bendamustine or bendamustine plus rituximab is associated with efficacy and safety for patients with relapsed or refractory indolent non‐Hodgkin lymphoma.
Various techniques are well documented to obtain anatomic reduction, such as reduction forceps, manual reduction, or a combination of these methods. However, these techniques have inherent drawbacks. ...We propose a new intra-operative technique for anatomic reduction using screw-wire traction for open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular fractures.
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•Selection of two efficient Trichoderma isolates for biological control of powdery mildew.•Trichoderma isolates grew towards and coiled around Erysiphe necator and disrupted conidial ...structure.•Multi-gene analysis identifies the isolates as T. asperelloides and T. afroharzianum.•T. afroharzianum showed lower sensitivity to sulphur.•Alternate application of T. afroharzianum and sulphur enhanced control of powdery mildew as compared their use alone.
Identifying a superior bio-control strain is the first step in developing a successful bio-control strategy for any disease. Field trials were conducted to systematically screen six potential Trichoderma isolates for control of powdery mildew disease during 2013–2016. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays with a simple liquid formulation of Trichoderma containing 5×106sporesml−1. The preliminary scale, small scale, and field scale trials showed that isolates NAIMCC-F-01938 and NAIMCC-F-01965 were superior to the other four Trichoderma isolates reducing disease by 43.67–50.36% and 35.71–53.40% respectively. Analysis of ITS, act, rpb2 and tef1 genes showed homology of strains NAIMCC-F-01938 and NAIMCC-F-01965 to T. afroharzianum and T. asperelloides respectively. Both isolates produced an array of enzymes implicated in bio-control activities. In co-culture studies on grape leaves, Trichoderma hyphae grew towards and coiled around Erysiphe necator conidia, caused distortion of conidial structure and overgrew the powdery mildew colonies. T. afroharzianum showed higher tolerance to fungicides commonly used in powdery mildew management. In the large scale demonstration trial it showed 43% reduction in disease severity as compared to the untreated control. Furthermore, introducing two late season T. afroharzianum applications in a fungicide spray schedule, as replacement for sulphur, enhanced powdery mildew control by 31% as compared to the only fungicide schedule. The study shows that the T. afroharzianum strain NAIMCC-F-01938 can be positioned with safe fungicides for enhanced control of powdery mildew in vineyards.
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a B-cell lymphoma characterized by cyclin D1 expression. Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) consolidation after induction chemotherapy is often used ...for eligible patients; however, the benefit remains uncertain in the rituximab era. Herein we retrospectively assessed the impact of AHCT consolidation on survival in a large cohort of transplantation-eligible patients age 65 years or younger.
We retrospectively studied transplantation-eligible adults age 65 years or younger with newly diagnosed MCL treated between 2000 and 2015. The primary objective was to assess for improved progression-free survival (PFS) with AHCT consolidation and secondarily to assess for improved overall survival (OS). Cox multivariable regression analysis and propensity score-weighted (PSW) analysis were performed.
Data were collected from 25 medical centers for 1,254 patients; 1,029 met inclusion criteria. Median follow-up for the cohort was 76 months. Median PFS and OS were 62 and 139 months, respectively. On unadjusted analysis, AHCT was associated with improved PFS (75 v 44 months with v without AHCT, respectively; P < .01) and OS (147 v 115 months with v without AHCT, respectively; P < .05). On multivariable regression analysis, AHCT was associated with improved PFS (hazard ratio HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.66; P < .01) and a trend toward improved OS (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.59 to 1.01; P = .06). After PSW analysis, AHCT remained associated with improved PFS (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.84; P < .05) but not improved OS (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.1; P = .2).
In this large cohort of younger, transplantation-eligible patients with MCL, AHCT consolidation after induction was associated with significantly improved PFS but not OS after PSW analysis. Within the limitations of a retrospective analysis, our findings suggest that in younger, fit patients, AHCT consolidation may improve PFS.
The biodegradation of profenofos, an organophosphorus insecticide, by four Bacillus subtilis strains, namely, DR-39, CS-126, TL-171, and TS-204, isolated from grapevines or grape rhizosphere was ...studied in liquid culture, on grape berries, and in vineyard soil. Each of the four B. subtilis strains enhanced the degradation of profenofos in all three matrices. Degradation rate constants were best obtained by first + first-order kinetics module. In nutrient broth spiked with 5 μg/mL profenofos, inoculation with B. subtilis strains DR-39, CS-126, TL-171, and TS-204 reduced the half-life (DT50) of profenofos to 4.03, 3.57, 2.87, and 2.53 days, respectively, from the DT50 = 12.90 days observed in the uninoculated control. In Thompson Seedless grapes sprayed with profenofos at a field dose of 1250 mL ai/ha, the DT50 values were 1.07, 1.00, 2.13, and 2.20 days in grapes inoculated with B. subtilis strains DR-39, CS-126, TL-171, and TS-204, respectively, as compared to 2.20 days in uninoculated grapes. These four B. subtilis strains also enhanced the degradation of profenofos in autoclaved soil (DT50 = 5.93, 7.47, 6.00, and 4.37 days) and in nonautoclaved soil (DT50 = 0.87, 2.00, 2.07, and 2.43 days) amended with 5 μg/g profenofos from the half-lives of 17.37 and 14.37 days in respective uninoculated soils. Growth dynamic studies indicated that all four B. subtilis strains were able to establish and proliferate on berries and soil equally well in the presence or absence of profenofos. Degradation product 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol was identified by GC-MS. Strain DR-39 was most effective in the natural environments of grape and soil.
Chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) manifests mostly as periapical radiolucency. Various inflammatory mediators play a significant role in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis. In acute ...inflammatory conditions, C-reactive proteins (CRP) and fibrinogen show a rise in their concentrations. In chronic diseases with high inflammatory components, an increased prevalence of hypertension has been observed. Hence, we assessed the association of CAP and plasma levels of various inflammatory markers (CRP, interleukin 6 IL-6, and fibrinogen) in severely hypertensive patients.
This study was conducted in the conservative wing of the institute and included assessment of 250 hypertensive patients with apical periodontitis. With the help of periapical radiographs and clinical examination, the assessment of following parameters was done: Amount of teeth present, visible plaque index, periodontal pocket probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, presence/absence of carious lesions, which included assessment of caries in crown portion, in the root portion, and residual tooth roots (RR), presence of CAP from each patient; 8 mm of venous blood was collected in the morning for the assessment of plasma levels of IL-6, CRP, and fibrinogen levels. Immediate collection and processing of the samples were done in the hospital laboratory. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software.
Out of 250, 155 patients were females. Mean plasma levels of CRP observed in our study were 0.8 mg/dL. Mean plasma levels of IL-6 and fibrinogen were found to be 3.3 and 337.1 mg/dL respectively. A significant correlation was observed while comparing mean body mass index (BMI), RR, and CAP in hypertensive patients. While comparing the mean plasma IL-6 levels, mean BMI, and CAP in the patients, significant results were obtained. Significant correlation was observed while comparing the mean BMI and CAP in hypertensive patients.
Systemic levels of CRP, IL-6, and fibrinogen levels are influenced by the presence of CAP in hypertensive patients.
In hypertensive patients, CAP alters the systemic levels of various inflammatory markers.
Various techniques are well documented to obtain anatomic reduction, such as reduction forceps, manual reduction, or a combination of these methods. However, these techniques have inherent drawbacks. ...We propose a new intra-operative technique for anatomic reduction using screw-wire traction for open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular fractures.
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