The study of the logistics of the food supply chain (based in principle, but not exclusively, on that of fresh products) makes possible a pragmatic analysis of the circular economy and includes some ...interesting suggestions for the application of the European Union legislation recently adopted and for the development of future regulations. In this area, logistics (and especially the so-called "last mile") has not received the attention it ought to have.
Two mononuclear nickel(II) complexes of the formula Ni(terpyCOOH)
(ClO
)
∙4H
O (
) and Ni(terpyepy)
(ClO
)
MeOH (
) terpyCOOH = 4'-carboxyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine and terpyepy = ...4'-(2-pyridin-4-yl)ethynyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine have been prepared and their structures determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complexes
and
are mononuclear compounds, where the nickel(II) ions are six-coordinate by the six nitrogen atoms from two tridentate terpy moieties. The mean values of the equatorial Ni-N bond distances 2.11(1) and 2.12(1) Å for Ni(1) at
and
, respectively, are somewhat longer than the axial ones 2.008(6) and 2.003(6) Å (
)/2.000(1) and 1.999(1) Å (
). The values of the shortest intermolecular nickel-nickel separation are 9.422(1) (
) and 8.901(1) Å (
). Variable-temperature (1.9-200 K) direct current (dc) magnetic susceptibility measurements on polycrystalline samples of
and
reveal a Curie law behavior in the high-temperature range, which corresponds to magnetically isolated spin triplets, the downturn of the χ
product at lower temperatures being due to zero-field splitting effects (
). Values of
equal to -6.0 (
) and -4.7 cm
(
) were obtained through the joint analysis of the magnetic susceptibility data and the field dependence of the magnetization. These results from magnetometry were supported by theoretical calculations. Alternating current (ac) magnetic susceptibility measurements of
and
in the temperature range 2.0-5.5 K show the occurrence of incipient out-phase signals under applied dc fields, a phenomenon that is characteristic of field-induced Single-Molecule Magnet (SMM) behavior, which herein concerns the 2 mononuclear nickel(II) complexes. This slow relaxation of the magnetization in
and
has its origin in the axial compression of the octahedral surrounding at their nickel(II) ions that leads to negative values of
. A combination of an Orbach and a direct mechanism accounts for the field-dependent relation phenomena in
and
.
We analyzed the relationship between forest productivity (joint effect of forest maturity and soil quality) and total soil respiration (µmol CO2 m−2 s−1) in semi-arid juniper woodlands (young ...woodlands growing in abandoned farmlands with deeper soils, and mature woodlands in lithic soils), and investigated the seasonal variation in soil CO2 efflux as a function of soil temperature and the soil water content. We measured the soil CO2 efflux from twelve cylinders in the soil over a three-year period using LI-6400 equipment. The results show that, in the more productive site (young woodland), soil CO2 efflux was higher due to greater respiration, mainly in the driest periods. Soil respiration followed a seasonal trend, being higher in spring and decreasing in cold periods. In both juniper woodlands and especially in the older forest, the CO2 efflux rates were low (<2.5 for Q10), typical of slow-growing species. Soil respiration was controlled by soil temperature without drought and in the temperate-warm season, whereas respiration showed sensitivity to soil water content in periods when edaphic humidity was low (but only in the more productive, young forest, which seemed to show better adaptation to drought), and under high soil moisture (soil water > 25%) for both woodlands, coinciding with warm temperatures in the spring. This period also corresponded to the highest CO2 efflux recorded in both woodlands. The accumulation of organic C seems to also be important to maintain elevated soil respiration in summer, especially in young woodlands. Thus, apart from microclimatic conditions, factors related to productivity regulate respiratory activity.
There are considerable uncertainties about the C cycle in semi-arid ecosystems. Hence, studies that have focused on Juniperus in Mediterranean woodlands are non-existent. This study provides a survey ...of the effect of the juniper woodland type (young and mature woodlands; joint effect of maturity and forest productivity) on stem respiration. We checked the seasonal variation of stem respiration, evaluating the effects of stem temperature on stem CO2 efflux. For this, we measured the stem CO2 efflux (µmol CO2 m−2 s−1) over the four seasons on 16 junipers using LI-6400 equipment. The results showed that in the more productive site (young woodland), the stem CO2 efflux was higher. This variable followed a clear seasonal trend, being higher during the spring and progressively decreasing in cold periods. In both juniper woodlands, and especially in the older forests, the Q10 coefficients were low (<2), typical of cold forests and slow-growing species. The exponential model also confirmed that the Q10 was significantly higher in young juniper trees. Thus, stem CO2 efflux was an indicator of the growth in this juniper woodland that is well adapted to a semi-arid climate.
Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCLs) are B-cell lymphomas that can occur in the skin without evidence of extracutaneous involvement. The 2005 WHO/EORTC classification of cutaneous lymphomas ...and its 2018 update have distinguished three main categories based on clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and genetic characteristics: primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL), primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma (PCFCL), and primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL-LT). PCMZL and PCFCL are clinically indolent, while PCDLBCL-LT is an aggressive lymphoma. Due to its low incidence and lack of prospective studies, it is difficult to establish a standard treatment for each subgroup. The objective of our study was to describe the clinical and pathological characteristics of 103 patients with cutaneous B-cell lymphoma from 12 centres belonging to the Spanish Lymphoma Oncology Group. The median age was 53 years (40-65). According to skin extension, 62% had single-site lymphoma, 17% had regional lymphoma, and 20% had multifocal lymphoma. Histology: 66% had PCMZL, 26% had PCFCL, and 8% had PCDLBCL-LT. Twenty-three percent of the patients were treated exclusively with surgery, 26% with radiotherapy only, 21% with surgery plus radiotherapy, 10% with polychemotherapy, and 5% with rituximab monotherapy. Overall, 96% of patients achieved a complete response, and 44% subsequently relapsed, most of them relapsing either locally or regionally. The 10-year OS was 94.5% for the entire cohort, 98% for the PCMZL cohort, 95% for the PCFCL cohort, and 85.7% for the PCDLBCL-LT cohort. Our data are comparable to those of other published series, except for the high frequency of PCMZL. The expected heterogeneity in therapeutic management has been observed.
This research analyzes how enzymatic and microbiological soil properties relate to site index (SI) and forest maturity (stand age) in Pinus nigra (P. nigra) even-aged forests. The soil parameters ...selected for multivariate analysis were four enzymatic activities (β-glucosidase, urease, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase), two microbiological properties (microbial biomass C and basal respiration), and five physicochemical parameters (TOC, N, P, pH, and soil water content). We used LiDAR, the digital elevation model, and the terrain model to obtain a result for the dominant height in each plot. The soil parameters were analyzed in the function of five site index classes (8, 11, 14, 17, and 20) and six age classes (50, 70, 90, 110, 170, and 210 years). Our findings emphasize that the dehydrogenase enzyme exhibited variations in response to both the site index and stand age. The activity of dehydrogenase positively correlated with sites characterized by a higher nutrient demand, particularly on young and poor-quality sites (lower SI), indicating activation. Therefore, dehydrogenase could serve as an index to elucidate both site quality and stand development in P. nigra stands, making it a potential indicator of forest ecosystem development.
New and versatile bis(oxamato)palladate(II) complexes of formula (n-Bu4N)2Pd(2-Mepma)2·4H2O (1a) and (n-Bu4N)2Pd(4-Mepma)2·2H2O·MeCN (1b) (n-Bu4N+ = tetra-n-buthylammonium, ...2-Mepma = N-2-methylphenyloxamate and 4-Mepma = N-4-methylphenyloxamate) have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Each palladium(II) ion in 1a and 1b is four-coordinate with two oxygen and two nitrogen atoms from two fully deprotonated oxamate ligands building a centrosymmetric square planar surrounding. Their catalytic role has been investigated for both Heck and Suzuki coupling reactions using a series of aryl iodide/bromide derivatives in tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (n-Bu4NBr) as ionic liquid, i.e. molten salt. These precatalysts appear as highly efficient, easily recovered and reused at least eight times without any drastic loss of their exceptional reactivity or leaching from the ionic liquid medium.
New and versatile structurally well-defined stable bis(oxamato)palladate(II) complexes have been synthesized and their catalytic role investigated for both Heck and Suzuki coupling reactions in the ionic liquid tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB). The catalysts were easily recovered and reused at least eight times without any significant loss of their exceptional reactivity. Display omitted
•Design of new structurally well-defined bis(oxamato)palladated(II) pre-catalysts•Heck and Suzuki reactions have been efficiently catalyzed by these new complexes in ILs•These catalysts are easily recovered and reused for further catalytic cycles
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