•Type 1 diabetes increased the levels of Ca+ and cAMP-dependent protein kinases.•These kinases activates/regulates indolamines in various areas of rat brain.•These changes results in impairment of ...retinal, renal, neuronal and heart.•Insulin or respective pharmacological suppressors reversed these effects.•Dual inhibition of both Ca+ and cAMP-dependent pathways may be useful in diabetes.
From early to later stages of Type I Diabetes Mellitus (TIDM), signalling molecules including brain indolamines and protein kinases are altered significantly, and that has been implicated in the Metabolic Disorders (MD) as well as impairment of retinal, renal, neuronal and cardiovascular systems. Considerable attention has been focused to the effects of diabetes on these signalling systems. However, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms of these signals are not completely understood in TIDM, but it is likely that hyperglycemia, acidosis, and insulin resistance play significant roles. Insulin maintains normal glycemic levels and it acts by binding to its receptor, so that it activates the receptor's tyrosine kinase activity, resulting in phosphorylation of several substrates. Those substrates provide binding/interaction sites for signalling molecules, including serine/threonine kinases and indolamines. For more than two decades, our research has been focused on the mechanisms of protein kinases, CaM Kinase and Serotonin transporter mediated alterations of indolamines in TIDM. In this review, we have also discussed how discrete areas of brain respond to insulin or some of the pharmacological agents that triggers or restores these signalling molecules, and it may be useful for the treatment of specific region wise changes/disorders of diabetic brain.
Nondegenerate Solitons in Manakov System Stalin, S; Ramakrishnan, R; Senthilvelan, M ...
Physical review letters,
2019-Feb-01, Letnik:
122, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
It is known that the Manakov equation which describes wave propagation in two mode optical fibers, photorefractive materials, etc., can admit solitons which allow energy redistribution between the ...modes on collision that also leads to logical computing. In this Letter, we point out that the Manakov system can admit a more general type of nondegenerate fundamental solitons corresponding to different wave numbers, which undergo collisions without any energy redistribution. The previously known class of solitons which allows energy redistribution among the modes turns out to be a special case corresponding to solitary waves with identical wave numbers in both the modes and traveling with the same velocity. We trace out the reason behind such a possibility and analyze the physical consequences.
Rhinitis and rhinosinusitis are multifactorial disease processes in which bacteria may play a role either in infection or stimulation of the inflammatory process. Rhinosinusitis has been historically ...studied with culture-based techniques, which have implicated several common pathogens in disease states. More recently, the NIH Human Microbiome Project has examined the microbiome at a number of accessible body sites, and demonstrated differences among healthy and diseased patients. Recent DNA-based sinus studies have suggested that healthy sinuses are not sterile, as was previously believed, but the normal sinonasal microbiome has yet to be thoroughly examined. Middle meatus swab specimens were collected from 28 consecutive patients presenting with no signs or symptoms of rhinosinusitis. Bacterial colonization was assessed in these specimens using quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA pyrosequencing. All subjects were positive for bacterial colonization of the middle meatus. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes were the most prevalent and abundant microorganisms detected. Rich and diverse bacterial assemblages are present in the sinonasal cavity in the normal state, including opportunistic pathogens typically found in the nasopharynx. This work helps establish a baseline for understanding how the sinonasal microbiome may impact diseases of the upper airways.
Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent multifactorial disease process in which bacteria are believed to play a role in the propagation of inflammation. Multiple subtypes of CRS have ...been described based on clinical and pathologic features, but a detailed examination of the sinus microbiota in patients with CRS and its clinical subtypes has yet to be performed. Objective We sought to examine the resident microbiota of CRS subtypes and determine whether bacterial diversity is a predictor of disease outcomes. Methods Sinus swabs from patients with CRS and healthy subjects collected during endoscopic sinus surgery were analyzed by means of molecular phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA pyrosequences. Results Fifty-six patients with CRS and 26 control subjects were studied. Biodiversity was similar between the CRS and control groups. Among the CRS subtypes examined, only 2 conditions (presence of purulence and comorbid condition of asthma) were associated with significant alterations in microbial community composition. In 27 patients with CRS who were followed postoperatively, those with better outcomes had more diverse bacterial communities present at the time of surgery, along with higher relative abundances of Actinobacteria. Conclusion Analysis of microbiota in a large cohort reveals that particular CRS phenotypes (asthma and purulence) are characterized by distinct compositions of resident bacterial communities. We found that bacterial diversity and composition are predictors of surgical outcome, promoting the concept of community ecology in patients with CRS.
In this paper, we study the dynamics of an interesting class of vector solitons in the long-wave-short-wave resonance interaction (LSRI) system. The model that we consider here describes the ...nonlinear interaction of long wave and two short waves and it generically appears in several physical settings. To derive this class of nondegenerate vector soliton solutions we adopt the Hirota bilinear method with the more general form of admissible seed solutions with nonidentical distinct propagation constants. We express the resultant fundamental as well as multisoliton solutions in a compact way using Gram-determinants. The general fundamental vector soliton solution possesses several interesting properties. For instance, the double-hump or a single-hump profile structure including a special flattop profile form results in when the soliton propagates in all the components with identical velocities. Interestingly, in the case of nonidentical velocities, the soliton number is increased to two in the long-wave component, while a single-humped soliton propagates in the two short-wave components. We establish through a detailed analysis that the nondegenerate multisolitons in contrast to the already known vector solitons (with identical wave numbers) can undergo three types of elastic collision scenarios: (i) shape-preserving, (ii) shape-altering, and (iii) a shape-changing collision, depending on the choice of the soliton parameters. Here, by shape-altering we mean that the structure of the nondegenerate soliton gets modified slightly during the collision process, whereas if the changes occur appreciably then we call such a collision as shape-changing collision. We distinguish each of the collision scenarios, by deriving a zero phase shift criterion with the help of phase constants. Very importantly, the shape-changing behavior of the nondegenerate vector solitons is observed in the long-wave mode also, along with corresponding changes in the short-wave modes, and this nonlinear phenomenon has not been observed in the already known vector solitons. In addition, we point out the coexistence of nondegenerate and degenerate solitons simultaneously along with the associated physical consequences. We also indicate the physical realizations of these general vector solitons in nonlinear optics, hydrodynamics, and Bose-Einstein condensates. Our results are generic and they will be useful in these physical systems and other closely related systems including plasma physics when the long-wave-short-wave resonance interaction is taken into account.
Understanding the physiological mechanism of tolerance under stress conditions is an imperative aspect of the crop improvement programme. The role of plant hormones is well-established in abiotic ...stress tolerance. However, the information on the role of gibberellic acid (GA) in abiotic stress tolerance in late sown wheat is still not thoroughly explored. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of endogenous GA
3
level in stress tolerance in contrasting wheat cultivars,
viz
., temperature-tolerant (HD 2643 and DBW 14) and susceptible (HD 2189 and HD 2833) cultivars under timely and late sown conditions. We created the variation in endogenous GA
3
level by exogenous spray of GA
3
and its biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PBZ). Tolerant genotypes had higher antioxidant enzyme activity, membrane stability, and photosynthesis rate, lower lipid peroxidase activity, and better growth and yield traits under late sown conditions attributed to H
2
O
2
content. Application of PBZ escalated antioxidant enzymes activity and photosynthesis rate, and reduced the lipid peroxidation and ion leakage in stress, leading to improved thermotolerance. GA
3
had a non-significant effect on antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, and membrane stability. However, GA
3
application increased the test weight in HD 2643 and HD 2833 under timely and late sown conditions. GA
3
upregulated GA biosynthesis and degradation pathway genes, and PBZ downregulated kaurene oxidase and GA
2
ox gene expression. GA
3
also upregulated the expression of the cell expansins gene under both timely and late sown conditions. Exogenous GA
3
did not increase thermotolerance but positively affected test weight and cell expansins gene expression. No direct relationship existed between endogenous GA
3
content and stress tolerance traits, indicating that PBZ could have conferred thermotolerance through an alternative mechanism instead of inhibiting GA
3
biosynthesis.
Head pose classification from surveillance images acquired with distant, large field-of-view cameras is difficult as faces are captured at low-resolution and have a blurred appearance. Domain ...adaptation approaches are useful for transferring knowledge from the training (
source
) to the test (
target
) data when they have different attributes, minimizing
target
data labeling efforts in the process. This paper examines the use of transfer learning for efficient multi-view head pose classification with minimal
target
training data under three challenging situations: (i) where the range of head poses in the
source
and
target
images is different, (ii) where
source
images capture a stationary person while
target
images capture a moving person whose facial appearance varies under motion due to changing perspective, scale and (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii). On the whole, the presented methods represent novel transfer learning solutions employed in the context of multi-view head pose classification. We demonstrate that the proposed solutions considerably outperform the state-of-the-art through extensive experimental validation. Finally, the DPOSE dataset compiled for benchmarking head pose classification performance with moving persons, and to aid behavioral understanding applications is presented in this work.
3D printing is one of the most popular additive manufacturing technique due to its usage in vast applications. The process of 3D printed polycarbonate (PC) reinforced acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene ...(ABS) composite increases the mechanical properties and yields higher strength for 3D printed structures/products. In this paper, a comparative study was conducted on PC/ABS polymer composites developed using fused deposition modeling (FDM) and conventional compression molding (CM). The proposed study aims at analyzing 3D printed PC/ABS in terms of their processibility, microstructure, and mechanical performance. Three different specimens were prepared with weight percentages (10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt%) of PC reinforcement in ABS. Mechanical properties of the specimens are used to find the best composition of the composite using FDM and CM. Similarly, the microstructure of specimens is studied to identify the variations in the strength of the polymer composites. This study proves the compatibility of the two polymers. With an increase in the PC content in the sample, the hardness and strength are improved and can provide an excellent amount of strength to the product at a required concentration of PC reinforcement. This phenomenon was explained based on changes in the void formation using micro-structural study. Knowing the appropriate polymer composition, it contributes to printing complex 3D printed with better rational, aesthetic and economic benefits for different applications such as automotive, marine, and several other fields.
Respiratory tract viruses are the second most common cause of olfactory dysfunction. As we learn more about the effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with the ...recognition that olfactory dysfunction is a key symptom of this disease process, there is a greater need than ever for evidence-based management of postinfectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD).
Our aim was to provide an evidence-based practical guide to the management of PIOD (including post–coronavirus 2019 cases) for both primary care practitioners and hospital specialists.
A systematic review of the treatment options available for the management of PIOD was performed. The written systematic review was then circulated among the members of the Clinical Olfactory Working Group for their perusal before roundtable expert discussion of the treatment options. The group also undertook a survey to determine their current clinical practice with regard to treatment of PIOD.
The search resulted in 467 citations, of which 107 articles were fully reviewed and analyzed for eligibility; 40 citations fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 11 of which were randomized controlled trials. In total, 15 of the articles specifically looked at PIOD whereas the other 25 included other etiologies for olfactory dysfunction.
The Clinical Olfactory Working Group members made an overwhelming recommendation for olfactory training; none recommended monocycline antibiotics. The diagnostic role of oral steroids was discussed; some group members were in favor of vitamin A drops. Further research is needed to confirm the place of other therapeutic options.
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