Myelination allows fast and synchronized nerve influxes and is provided by Schwann cells (SCs) in the peripheral nervous system. Glucocorticoid hormones are major regulators of stress, metabolism and ...immunity affecting all tissues. They act by binding to two receptors, the low-affinity glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the high-affinity mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Little is known about the effect of glucocorticoid hormones on the PNS, and this study focuses on deciphering the role of MR in peripheral myelination. In this work, the presence of a functional MR in SCs is demonstrated and the expression of MR protein in mouse sciatic nerve SC is evidenced. Besides, knockout of MR in SC (SCMRKO using Cre-lox system with DesertHedgeHog (Dhh) Cre promoter) was undertaken in mice. SCMRKO was not associated with alterations of performance in motor behavioral tests on 2- to 6-month-old male mice compared to their controls. No obvious modifications of myelin gene expression or MR signaling gene expression were observed in the SCMRKO sciatic nerves. Nevertheless, Gr transcript and GR protein amounts were significantly increased in SCMRKO nerves compared to controls, suggesting a possible compensatory effect. Besides, an increase in myelin sheath thickness was noted for axons with perimeters larger than 15 µm in SCMRKO illustrated by a significant 4.5% reduction in g-ratio (axon perimeter/myelin sheath perimeter). Thus, we defined MR as a new player in peripheral system myelination and in SC homeostasis.
Las narraciones de las mujeres del Congo de Espírito Santo son mostradas aqui como testimonios de prácticas de re-existencia ecologista. Basados en estudios con los cotidianos escolares y ...particularmente con la perspectiva ecologista de educación y teniendo la pedagogia freireana como eje central, buscamos enfatizar sus dimensiones ética, política, pedagógica y cultural. Las historias y luchas personales y colectivas de esas mujeres se entrelazan con otras luchas y “sujetos de la historia” de Brasil contemporáneo, incluyendo las nuestras, en los diferentes cotidianos escolares en que actuamos. Por medio de las narraciones de las mujeres del Congo nos aproximamos de modos de vivir construidos en la solidaridad, en la insistencia y resistencia con esperanza, alegría y coraje.
Noise pollution is creating a wide range of health problems related to physiological stress and anxiety that impact the social life of vertebrates, including humans. Ageing is known to be associated ...with changes in susceptibility to acoustic stimuli; however, the interaction between noise effects and senescence is not well understood. We tested the effects of 24 h continuous white noise (150 dB re 1 Pa) on both young adults and old zebrafish in terms of anxiety (novel tank diving test), social interactions (with mirror/conspecific attraction), and shoaling behaviour. Both noise and ageing induced higher anxiety responses in a novel environment. Since the old zebrafish showed longer bottom dwelling, acoustic treatment induced the opposite pattern with an initial increase in vertical exploration in the aged individuals. Both noise- and age-related anxiety responses were lowered when individuals were tested within a group. Regarding social interactions, both noise and ageing seemed to cause an increase in their proximity to a mirror. Although the results were not statistically significant, noise exposure seemed to further enhance conspecific attraction. Moreover, the interindividual distance within a shoal decreased with noise treatment in the aged individuals. This study is a first attempt to investigate the effects of both noise and ageing on zebrafish behaviour, suggesting the age-dependent physiological coping mechanisms associated with environmental stress.
Este texto se interessa pelas práticas pedagógicas dialógicas realizadas com as turmas de graduação em licenciatura do Centro de Educação da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. A abordagem ...teórico-metodológica do artigo se aproxima do pensamento de Paulo Freire conectado com os estudos com os cotidianos de Nilda Alves e Inês Barbosa de Oliveira. Nosso desejo é expor as práticas pedagógicas dialógicas como possibilidade de criação de currículos nos cotidianos escolares. Na produção de dados contamos com atividade em sala de aula e em outros espaços de convivências, aula de campo e visita pedagógica, apresentadas aqui em forma de narrativas ficcionais. Com o exercício de situações concretas vividas pelos sujeitos históricos e pensantespraticantes que intervêm no mundo e com o mundo, afirmamos como pesquisador e pesquisadora nosso comprometimento político com as dimensões éticas e teóricas da educação, sendo o diálogo amoroso e a alegria, para nós, fundamentos da educação como prática de liberdade, e um modo de resistência diante das formas de opressão e poder impostas pelo autoritarismo do regime patriarcal capitalista no mundo contemporâneo.
Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) cause different forms of diseases. According to recent guideline by ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA, drug susceptibility test (DST) is an important requirement to choose ...adequate treatment. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test is the recommended method. Sensititre SLOMYCO and RAPMYCO commercial panels were developed to perform mycobacteria DST easier. However, there are only two comparative studies between SLOMYCO and the MIC method and none for the RAPMYCO panel. The present study aimed to evaluate the Sensititre SLOMYCO and RAPMYCO plates in determining drug susceptibility compared to the gold standard method (MIC).
The tests were carried out with clinical isolates received in the diagnostic routine of the Tuberculosis Laboratory at Institute Adolfo Lutz from the most frequent species in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Reference strains were tested for repeatability and reproducibility analyses. MIC and Sensititre plates readings were compared with and without resazurin stain. Agreement between results was defined as MIC within the same dilution or dilution variation resulting the same category in both tests. Results were classified by categorical errors.
The RAPMYCO panel had 100% agreement for the drugs amikacin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 83.3% for clarithromycin and moxifloxacin and 60% for cefoxitin. The SLOMYCO panel had 80% agreement for amikacin and moxifloxacin and 60% for clarithromycin, rifabutin, rifampicin and ciprofloxacin. The repeatability and reproducibility with RAPMYCO and SLOMYCO plates showed a high level of agreement for the drugs tested, being higher with the use of resazurin. However, an evaluation on routine condition is needed.
The present study found that the fewer steps in the tests with Sensititre plates and reading with resazurin allow its use with greater safety and efficiency in the laboratory routine. The results presented here will facilitate the execution of a validation for complete incorporation of Sensititre plates into a diagnostic routine.
IntroductionAround 30%–50% of adults suffer moderate to severe chronic pain not caused by cancer. Significant numbers are treated with opioids which over time may cease to be effective and produce ...side effects (eg, nausea, drowsiness and constipation). Stopping taking opioids abruptly can cause unpleasant withdrawal effects. Tapering in small steps is recommended, though some patients might struggle and need support, particularly if they have limited access to pain management alternatives. Awareness of the potential risks as well as benefits of tapering should be explored with patients.Methods and analysisA randomised controlled pilot feasibility study to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of reducing high doses of opioids through a tapering protocol, education and support in primary care. Working with NHS Knowsley Place, we will identify patients taking 50 mg or above morphine equivalent dose of opioids per day to be randomly allocated to either the tapering group or tapering with support group. At an initial joint appointment with a pain consultant and General Practitioner (GP) GP tapering will be discussed and negotiated. Both groups will have their opioid reduced by 10% per week. The taper with support group will have access to additional support, including motivational counselling, realistic goal setting and a toolkit of resources to promote self-management. Some patients will successfully reduce their dose each week. For others, this may be more difficult, and the tapering reduction will be adjusted to 10% per fortnight. We assess opioid use, pain and quality of life in both groups at the start and end of the study to determine which intervention works best to support people with chronic pain who wish to stop taking opioids.Ethics and disseminationThe Behavioural Intervention for Opioid Reduction feasibility study has been granted full approval by Liverpool Central Research Ethics Committee on 7 April 2022 (22/NW/0047). The current protocol version is V.1.1, date 6 July 2022. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated to patient stakeholders in a lay summary report available on the project website and in participating GP surgeries.Trial registration numberISRCTN 30201337.
The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of erbium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Er:YAG) laser irradiation on dentinal collagen by transmission electron microscopy and to analyze the ...resin–dentin interface by scanning electron microscopy. A tensile bond strength test was also applied. Specimens from 69 sound human third molars were randomly divided into three groups: control (no laser), and two irradiated groups, laser 250 (250 mJ/2 Hz) and laser 400 (400 mJ/4 Hz). Then, specimens were restored with two adhesive systems, an etch-and-rinse or a self-etch system. Although ultrastructural examination showed a modified surface in the irradiated dentin, there was no statistical difference in bond strength values between the laser groups and controls (
P
< 0.05). In conclusion, the use of Er:YAG laser for ablating human dentin did not alter the main adhesion parameters when compared with those obtained by conventional methods, thus reinforcing its use in restorative dentistry.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O cártamo é uma planta oleaginosa cultivada em vários países do mundo devido ao grande uso de diferentes partes da planta, principalmente na produção de óleo de ótima qualidade para consumo humano. Entretanto, há carências de informações sobre o manejo da cultura e ao sistema de produção de sementes. Neste contexto, apesar de haver crescente interesse pela a cultura devido a sua rusticidade e para produção de biodiesel, as pesquisas sobre maturação de sementes ainda são escassas. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar o ponto ideal de colheita de sementes e potencial produtivo em três acessos de cártamo colhidas em diferentes estádios de maturação. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – UNESP, localizada no município de Botucatu – SP. Foram utilizadas sementes de três acessos de cártamo (2106, 7329 e S-325) obtidos junto ao Instituto Matogrossense do Algodão (IMA-MT). Os experimentos tiveram início em Abril de 2016 e 2017, sendo que nos ensaios foi adotado delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com seis repetições para o primeiro experimento e sete para o segundo. Para a caracterização dos estádios reprodutivos, a etiquetagem foi realizada quando 50% das plantas da parcela estavam no estádio de florescimento pleno, assim as colheitas dos capítulos, em intervalos de quatro dias após a primeira colheita, foram iniciadas com 16 dias após o florescimento (DAF) e finalizadas com 52 DAF quando os capítulos estavam completamente senescidos, totalizando dez colheitas. Determinou-se o teor de água, massa seca e fresca de sementes, primeira contagem de germinação e porcentagem de germinação. No segundo experimento ao final do ciclo da cultura foram avaliados os componentes de produção e a produtividade de sementes e óleo. O teor de água das sementes começa elevado e com o decorrer dos avanços dos estádios de maturação ocorre uma diminuição gradativa nos acessos de cártamo. O acesso 2106 obteve á máxima germinação aos 40 DAF (85,8 %) e o acesso 7329 nessa mesma colheita (40 DAF) apresentou 90,5 % de percentagem de germinação. Diferentemente, o acesso S-325 na colheita aos 32 DAF obteve 90,3 % de sementes germinadas, sendo este período considerado como uma possível maturidade fisiológica das sementes. Conclui-se que o ponto ideal de colheita em sementes de cártamo que propicia maior qualidade fisiológica de sementes é obtida com as colheitas realizadas aos 40 DAF para os acessos 2106 e 7329, e para o acesso S-325 aos 32 DAF. Os acessos foram promissores apresentando alto potencial genético para teor de óleo acima de 40% e possuem boa capacidade para obtenção de produtividade de sementes (1.055 kg ha-1) e óleo (429 kg ha-1).
Safflower is an oleaginous plant cultivated in several countries of the world due to its great use of different parts of the plant, mainly in the oil production of great quality for human consumption. However, there is a lack of informations about crop management and the seed production system. In this context, despite there is growing interest for the crop, due to its rusticity and for biodiesel production, researches on seed maturation are still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ideal seed harvesting point and productive potential in three accessions of safflower harvested at different maturation stages. The experiments were conducted at the Lageado Experimental Farm, belonging to the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences - UNESP, located in the city of Botucatu - SP. Seeds of three safflower accessions (2106, 7329 and S-325) were used, obtained from the Instituto Matogrossense do Algodão (IMA-MT). The experiments started in April 2016 and 2017, and for the assays was adopted a randomized block experimental design, with six replicates for the first experiment and seven for the second. For the characterization of the reproductive stages, the labeling was performed when 50% of the plants in the plot were in the full flowering stage, so the chapters harvesting happened at intervals of four days after the first harvest, starting with 16 days after flowering (DAF) and finished with 52 DAF when the chapters were completely senesced, totalizing ten harvests. The water content, dry and fresh seed mass, first germination count and percentage of germination were determined. In the second experiment, at the end of the crop cycle, the production components and seed and oil productivity were evaluated. The water content of the seeds starts high and with the progress of the stages of maturation, a gradual decrease occurs in both accessions. The access 2106 obtained the maximum germination at 40 DAF (85.8%) and the access 7329 at the same harvest (40 DAF) presented 90.5% of germination. Differently, the S-325 access in the harvest at 32 DAF obtained 90.3% of germinated seeds, being this period considered as a possible seed maturity. It is concluded that the ideal harvest point in safflower seeds that provides higher physiological quality of seeds is obtained with harvests at 40 DAF for accessions 2106 and 7329, and for access S-325 at 32 DAF. The accessions were promising with high genetic potential for oil content above 40% and have good capacity to obtain seed productivity (1055 kg ha-1) and oil (429 kg ha-1).
Este trabajo es resultado de una tesis de doctorado en educación que tuvo como punto de partida a las mujeres del Congo, del estado de Espírito Santo, y que incluye el encuentro con profesoras ...mexicanas y sus prácticas de re-existencia ecologista en los cotidianos escolares. Por medio de las narraciones de las profesoras de Brasil y México, la intención de este trabajo es presentar la pedagogía freireana como modo de resistencia en los cotidianos escolares. El abordaje metodológico se fundamenta en los estudios con los cotidianos y en la perspectiva ecologista de educación. En la producción de datos, realizamos un trabajo de campo con registros en diarios, conversaciones con los sujetos de la investigación y producción de micronarraciones. La fundamentación teórica se basa en la pedagogía freireana a partir de los movimientos de resistencia mostrados en las narraciones de las mujeres del Congo capixaba y de las profesoras brasileñas y mexicanas que colaboraron con la investigación.
Este texto aborda as andarilhagens do grupo de pesquisa Territórios de aprendizagens autopoiéticas (CNPq). Assim sendo, apresentaremos as produções acadêmicas e as discussões epistemológicas e ...metodológicas que surgiram com as pesquisas realizadas com as comunidades tradicionais que vivem em áreas de manguezais; docentes e estudantes da educação básica; docentes e graduandos das licenciaturas e mestrandos do Mestrado Profissional em Educação da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Nosso interesse é expor as contribuições do grupo com a pesquisa narrativa, a pesquisa cartográfica em estudos com os cotidianos e a perspectiva ecologista de educação, entrelaçando a educação das relações étnico-raciais com a educação ambiental, tecidas nos cotidianos escolares e em outras redes educativas.
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