Resumo O racismo é um sistema estruturante, gerador de comportamentos, práticas, crenças e preconceitos que fundamentam desigualdades evitáveis e injustas, baseadas na raça ou etnia. Na saúde o ...racismo pode se manifestar de diversas formas, como o institucional, que frequentemente ocorre de forma implícita. A pandemia do coronavírus tem sido um desafio para países que apresentam profundas desigualdades. No Brasil, em que pese a ausência das informações desagregadas por raça ou etnia ou que quando coletadas apresentam um preenchimento precário, sabe-se que negras e negros irão sofrer mais severamente os impactos da pandemia e seus vários desfechos negativos. No texto recuperamos aspectos históricos e sua relação com as condições de vulnerabilidade da população negra e apresentamos uma agenda de ações específicas para o combate ao racismo e suas devastadoras consequências no contexto da Covid-19.
Abstract Racism is a structural system that generates behaviors, practices, beliefs and prejudices that underlie unfair and avoidable inequalities, based on race or ethnicity. In health, racism can manifest itself in several ways, including institutional racism, which often occurs covertly. The coronavirus pandemic has been a challenge for countries with profound inequalities. In Brazil, despite the absence of information disaggregated by race or ethnicity, and even when collected, oftentimes recorded with errors; it is known that black people will suffer more sever impacts of the pandemic as well as its various negative outcomes. In this article we recall historical aspects and their relationship with the vulnerability of black population as well as suggest specific actions to combat racism and its devastating consequences in the context of COVID-19.
Resumen El racismo es un sistema estructural, que genera comportamientos, prácticas, creencias y prejuicios que dan fundamento a desigualdades que son evitables e injustas, basadas en la raza o etnia. En la salud, el racismo se puede manifestar de varias maneras, como la institucional, que a menudo ocurre de manera implícita. La pandemia del coronavirus ha sido un desafío para países que presentan grandes desigualdades. En Brasil, a pesar de la falta de información separadas por raza o etnia, o que, cuando se recopila, las respuestas son incompletas; se sabe que la raza negra, sufrirán mucho más los impactos de la pandemia y los diversos resultados negativos. En el texto recuperamos aspectos históricos y su relación con las condiciones de vulnerabilidad de la población negra y presentamos un plan de acciones específicas para combatir el racismo y sus consecuencias devastadoras dentro del contexto de Covid-19.
This paper involved a cross-sectional study that evaluated the results and refusals to take the breathalyzer test among drivers intercepted by the Driving Under the Influence (DUI) Spot-Check ...Campaign (Operacao Lei Seca) in the capital of Rio de Janeiro and Baixada Fluminense. It was conducted using data provided by the State Government which were collected from drivers intercepted in the months of December 2013 and January 2014. Descriptive analysis was conducted of the sample and of the association between gender, age and location variables with the result of the breathalyzer test and refusal to take the test using a logistic regression model. Of the 4756 (100%) drivers intercepted, 59 (1.2%) failed the breathalyzer test and 229 (4.8%) refused to take it. Only the location of interception variable was statistically significant with greater chances of failing (OR = 4.01) and refusal to take the test (OR = 5.14) among drivers intercepted in the Baixada Fluminense. Systematic monitoring actions taken by the DUI Spot-Check Campaign that have occurred for longer in the capital appear to have a positive impact on the drinking and driving behavior of drivers. Key words Alcohol drinking, Accidents traffic, Toxicity tests, Public policies, Law enforcement Estudo transversal que avaliou os resultados e as recusas ao teste do bafometro entre motoristas interceptados pela Operacao Lei Seca na capital do Rio de Janeiro e Baixada Fluminense. Realizado com base em dados cedidos pelo Governo do Estado que foram coletados durante atendimento de motoristas interceptados entre dezembro de 2013 e janeiro de 2014. Procederamse analises descritivas da amostra e de associacao entre as variaveis sexo, faixa etaria e local de abordagem com as recusas e os resultados do teste do bafometro atraves de um modelo de regressao logistica. Dos 4756 (100%) condutores interceptados, 59 (1,2%) apresentaram resultado positivo no teste do bafometro e 229 (4,8%) recusaram-no. Apenas a variavel local de abordagem apresentou significancia estatistica com maiores chances de resultados positivos (OR = 4,01) e recusas ao teste (OR = 5,14) entre os condutores interceptados na Baixada Fluminense. As acoes sistematicas de fiscalizacao efetuadas pela Operacao Lei Seca que ocorrem ha mais tempo na capital parecem influenciar positivamente o comportamento de beber e dirigir dos motoristas. Palavras-chave Consumo de bebidas alcoolicas, Acidentes de transito, Testes de toxicidade, Politicas publicas, Aplicacao da lei
Resumo Estudo transversal que avaliou os resultados e as recusas ao teste do bafômetro entre motoristas interceptados pela Operação Lei Seca na capital do Rio de Janeiro e Baixada Fluminense. ...Realizado com base em dados cedidos pelo Governo do Estado que foram coletados durante atendimento de motoristas interceptados entre dezembro de 2013 e janeiro de 2014. Procederam-se análises descritivas da amostra e de associação entre as variáveis sexo, faixa etária e local de abordagem com as recusas e os resultados do teste do bafômetro através de um modelo de regressão logística. Dos 4756 (100%) condutores interceptados, 59 (1,2%) apresentaram resultado positivo no teste do bafômetro e 229 (4,8%) recusaram-no. Apenas a variável local de abordagem apresentou significância estatística com maiores chances de resultados positivos (OR = 4,01) e recusas ao teste (OR = 5,14) entre os condutores interceptados na Baixada Fluminense. As ações sistemáticas de fiscalização efetuadas pela Operação Lei Seca que ocorrem há mais tempo na capital parecem influenciar positivamente o comportamento de beber e dirigir dos motoristas.
Abstract Abstract This paper involved a cross-sectional study that evaluated the results and refusals to take the breathalyzer test among drivers intercepted by the Driving Under the Influence (DUI) Spot-Check Campaign (Operação Lei Seca) in the capital of Rio de Janeiro and Baixada Fluminense. It was conducted using data provided by the State Government which were collected from drivers intercepted in the months of December 2013 and January 2014. Descriptive analysis was conducted of the sample and of the association between gender, age and location variables with the result of the breathalyzer test and refusal to take the test using a logistic regression model. Of the 4756 (100%) drivers intercepted, 59 (1.2%) failed the breathalyzer test and 229 (4.8%) refused to take it. Only the location of interception variable was statistically significant with greater chances of failing (OR = 4.01) and refusal to take the test (OR = 5.14) among drivers intercepted in the Baixada Fluminense. Systematic monitoring actions taken by the DUI Spot-Check Campaign that have occurred for longer in the capital appear to have a positive impact on the drinking and driving behavior of drivers.
This paper involved a cross-sectional study that evaluated the results and refusals to take the breathalyzer test among drivers intercepted by the Driving Under the Influence (DUI) Spot-Check ...Campaign (Operacao Lei Seca) in the capital of Rio de Janeiro and Baixada Fluminense. It was conducted using data provided by the State Government which were collected from drivers intercepted in the months of December 2013 and January 2014. Descriptive analysis was conducted of the sample and of the association between gender, age and location variables with the result of the breathalyzer test and refusal to take the test using a logistic regression model. Of the 4756 (100%) drivers intercepted, 59 (1.2%) failed the breathalyzer test and 229 (4.8%) refused to take it. Only the location of interception variable was statistically significant with greater chances of failing (OR = 4.01) and refusal to take the test (OR = 5.14) among drivers intercepted in the Baixada Fluminense. Systematic monitoring actions taken by the DUI Spot-Check Campaign that have occurred for longer in the capital appear to have a positive impact on the drinking and driving behavior of drivers.
Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have been consistently associated with improvements to the determinants of maternal health, but there have been insufficient investigations regarding their effects ...on maternal mortality.
To evaluate the association between being a Bolsa Família program (BFP) beneficiary and maternal mortality and to examine how this association differs by duration of BFP receipt, maternal race, living in rural or urban areas, the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI), and municipal primary health care coverage.
This cross-sectional analysis was nested within the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort. Girls and women aged 10 to 49 years (hereinafter referred to as women) who had at least 1 live birth were included, using data from Brazilian national health databases linked to the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort (January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2015). Propensity score kernel weighting was applied to control for sociodemographic and economic confounders in the association between BFP receipt and maternal mortality, overall and stratified by different subgroups (race, urban or rural area, and MHDI), and duration of BFP receipt. Data were analyzed from July 12, 2019, to December 31, 2022.
Maternal death.
A total of 6 677 273 women aged 10 to 49 years were included in the analysis, 4056 of whom had died from pregnancy-related causes. The risk of maternal death was 18% lower in women who received BFP (weighted odds ratio OR, 0.82 95% CI, 0.71-0.93). A longer duration receiving BFP was associated with an increased reduction in maternal mortality (OR for 1-4 years, 0.85 95% CI, 0.75-0.97; OR for 5-8 years, 0.70 95% CI, 0.60-0.82; OR for ≥9 years, 0.69 95% CI, 0.53-0.88). Receiving BFP was also associated with substantial increases in the number of prenatal appointments and interbirth intervals. The reduction was more pronounced in the most vulnerable groups.
This cross-sectional analysis nested within the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort found an association between BFP receipt and maternal mortality. This association was of greater magnitude in women with longer exposure to BFP and in the most vulnerable groups. These findings reinforce evidence that programs such as BFP, which have already proven effective in poverty reduction, have great potential to improve maternal survival.
To compare the evolution of asthma indicators in the editions of the National School Health Survey (PeNSE 2012 and 2015).
Cross-sectional study including Brazilian 9th grade students from public and ...private schools. Wheezing was assessed through the question: "In the past 12 months, did you have wheezing (or chirping) chest? (yes/no)", and to assess lifetime presence of asthma, the question was "Have you ever had asthma? (yes/no)".
Of the students, 23,52% reported wheezing or chirping chest in the past 12 months, with prevalences ranging from 16,80% (in Salvador, Bahia) to 27,43% (in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul). Lifetime presence of asthma was reported by 17,92% of the students, ranging from 13,98% (in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul) to 30,35% (in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul). There was also a decrease in the prevalence of self-report of wheezing/chirping chest in the last 12 months between the two editions of the survey (2012/2015) in 20 of the 27 Brazilian state capitals, especially in Belo Horizonte, Florianópolis, Cuiabá and Goiânia. However, prevalence of lifetime diagnostic of asthma increased from 2012 to 2015 in 26 of the 27 Brazilian state capitals.
There was a decrease in the prevalence of self-report of asthma symptoms and an increase of self-reported lifetime presence of asthma. Certainly, monitoring indicators of asthma prevalence is of high importance for health knowledge and the development of public policies.
Resumo Estudo transversal que avaliou os resultados e as recusas ao teste do bafômetro entre motoristas interceptados pela Operação Lei Seca na capital do Rio de Janeiro e Baixada Fluminense. ...Realizado com base em dados cedidos pelo Governo do Estado que foram coletados durante atendimento de motoristas interceptados entre dezembro de 2013 e janeiro de 2014. Procederam-se análises descritivas da amostra e de associação entre as variáveis sexo, faixa etária e local de abordagem com as recusas e os resultados do teste do bafômetro através de um modelo de regressão logística. Dos 4756 (100%) condutores interceptados, 59 (1,2%) apresentaram resultado positivo no teste do bafômetro e 229 (4,8%) recusaram-no. Apenas a variável local de abordagem apresentou significância estatística com maiores chances de resultados positivos (OR = 4,01) e recusas ao teste (OR = 5,14) entre os condutores interceptados na Baixada Fluminense. As ações sistemáticas de fiscalização efetuadas pela Operação Lei Seca que ocorrem há mais tempo na capital parecem influenciar positivamente o comportamento de beber e dirigir dos motoristas.
RESUMO Estudos brasileiros sobre as trajetórias de desenvolvimento do self, em sua maioria com mães de crianças pequenas, indicam predominância do modelo de autonomia-relacionada (AR). Visando ...ampliar a investigação dessa tendência, foram realizados dois estudos: (a) com avós(ôs), mães, pais e filhos (16-25 anos) e (b) quatro grupos de cuidadoras de crianças com até um ano, com níveis de escolaridade diversos, selecionados não aleatoriamente. Observamos predomínio de características de self AR para todos os participantes. O efeito da escolaridade sobre autonomia foi confirmado para os pais, a AR de pais e filhos (estudo 1), e de mães (estudo 2). Mães criadas no Rio de Janeiro (capital) apresentaram maiores escores de autonomia. A consistência familiar de modelo de self autônomo-relacionado foi evidenciada.
ABSTRACT Studies in Brazil on developmental trajectories of the self , mostly with mothers of young children, indicate a prevalence of the related autonomy model (RA). Aiming to broaden the investigation of this trend, two studies were realized: (a) with grandparents, mothers, fathers and their sons and daughters (16-25 years old), and (b) with four groups of caretakers of children up to one year old, with diverse educational levels, non-randomly selected. We observed predominance of RA self for all participants. The effect of school level over autonomy was confirmed for fathers, RA of fathers and sons and daughters (study 1), and of mothers (study 2). Mothers who were raised in Rio de Janeiro (state capital) had higher autonomy scores. The results support the family consistency of the related-autonomy model of development of the self.
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