Epidemiology of uterine fibroids: a systematic review Stewart, EA; Cookson, CL; Gandolfo, RA ...
BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology,
September 2017, Letnik:
124, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Background
Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common neoplasm affecting women that can cause significant morbidity and may adversely impact fertility.
Objectives
To examine UF epidemiology and to ...evaluate the relative strengths of putative risk factors.
Search strategy
MEDLINE and Embase were searched for studies published in English between January 1995 and April 2015.
Selection criteria
Publications reporting relevant data from registries and other observational studies with over 1000 patients and single‐centre studies with over 100 patients were selected.
Data collection and analysis
Data on UF incidence, prevalence and associated risk factors were extracted from 60 publications.
Main results
Wide ranges were reported in both UF incidence (217–3745 cases per 100 000 women‐years) and prevalence (4.5–68.6%), depending on study populations and diagnostic methods. Black race was the only factor that was recurrently reported to increase UF risk, by two–threefold compared with white race. Eleven other factors affected UF risk to a magnitude similar to or greater than race. Age, premenopausal state, hypertension, family history, time since last birth, and food additive and soybean milk consumption increased UF risk; use of oral contraceptives or the injectable contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, smoking in women with low body mass index and parity reduced UF risk.
Conclusions
We identified 12 risk factors that play an important role in UF epidemiology. The UF risk factor with the strongest evidence is black race. High‐quality prospective observational data are needed to improve our understanding of UF epidemiology, and thus its aetiology and optimal management.
Tweetable
Uterine fibroids occur in about 70% of women. Black race and 11 other factors affect uterine fibroid risk.
Tweetable
Uterine fibroids occur in about 70% of women. Black race and 11 other factors affect uterine fibroid risk.
Seasonal and spatial phytoplankton distribution in relation to environmental factors was investigated in New Mangalore Port, a major port along the west coast of India. A well-mixed water column ...characterized the non-monsoon seasons, whereas it was weakly stratified during monsoon. Water quality index (TRIX) scores indicated good water quality except during pre-monsoon (inner zone surface) and monsoon (near bottom waters). Surface abundance of tychopelagic diatoms (
Paralia sulcata
,
Melosira nummuloides
,
Cylindrotheca closterium
, and
Nitzschia sigma
) was higher during non-monsoon seasons. Certain centric diatoms, e.g.,
Leptocylindrus danicus
,
P. sulcata
, and
Rhizosolenia imbricata
, dominated during pre-monsoon (inner zone) and positively correlated with TRIX. High
Skeletonema costatum
and dinoflagellate abundance during the monsoon season coincided with high nutrient concentrations. Five potential toxic and fourteen harmful/bloom forming algal species were encountered at abundances below the level that can be considered as harmful to the ecosystem. In addition to a baseline database, this study highlights the potential use of certain diatom species as indicators of hydrography and water quality for monitoring dynamic coastal marine ecosystems.
Studies have shown racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of vasomotor symptoms (VMS), sleep disturbance and VMS treatment in menopause. To assess the reproducibility of these differences, we ...systematically reviewed observational studies, published in 2000–2021, reporting the prevalence/incidence of VMS, sleep disturbance or treatment use in menopausal women stratified by race/ethnicity. We screened 3799 records from PubMed and Embase and included 27 papers (19 studies). No incidence data were found. Prevalence data varied widely, but some common patterns emerged. In all five studies comparing VMS between Black women and White, Hispanic and/or East Asian women, the prevalence was highest in Black women and lowest in East Asian women. The prevalence of sleep disturbance overall was compared among Black, White and East Asian women in two study populations, and was highest in White women in both papers. Sleep disturbance was more common than VMS in East Asian women. In all four studies comparing hormone therapy use between White women and Black and/or East Asian women, treatment use was more common in White women. These results highlight the need for individualized counseling and treatment, outreach to under-served minorities, and standardized definitions and outcome measures for VMS and sleep disturbance for future studies.
In this paper, we obtain sufficient conditions for oscillation and nonoscillation of the solutions of the neutral delay differential equation yt−∑j=1kpjtyrjt′+qtGygt−utHyht=ft, where pj and rj for ...each j and q,u,G,H,g,h, and f are all continuous functions and q≥0,u≥0,ht<t,gt<t, and rjt<t for each j. Further, each rjt, gt, and ht⟶∞ as t⟶∞. This paper improves and generalizes some known results.
Flow sheet development of dry beneficiation of coking coal fines of size −1.0 + 0.1 mm using controlled vibro fluidization is the aim of the present study. Process conditions affecting the separation ...features on air table were identified and detailed individual effects and interaction among the process factors have been quantified. Experimental data were subjected to statistical analysis, and an in-depth understanding of the process was accomplished through various statistical plots. Optimization exercise was also carried out to find the preferred operating regimes to achieve maximum mass yield for the targeted product. Using the in-depth knowledge obtained, flow sheet was developed for coking coal investigated using a multistage operation of the air table for reducing ash in feed sample with 34.5% ash to 15.5% ash. Products in each stage are subjected to sink and float tests to understand the separation efficiency of dry beneficiation on coking coal at each stage. Petrological studies were also carried out to find the enhancement of organic matter in the beneficiated product. From all the studies and interpretations, dry coal beneficiation on coking coal gave a satisfactory result which raised the expectations of commercially using dry beneficiation of coking coal in future as a concentration technique, thereby reducing the consumption of water.
Adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of pediatric oncology related cerebral insult are vulnerable to numerous treatment-induced deficits that significantly enhance cardiovascular disease risk. ...Regular exercise improves endothelial function, fitness, body composition and musculoskeletal function which may reduce predisposition for cardiovascular disease. Here we assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of a 24-week exercise intervention on cardiovascular, physical and metabolic outcomes in this population. Thirteen survivors (6 male, 7 female; median age 19 y (range 16-23 y) were recruited to participate in a 48-week study consisting of a 24-week control period (regular care) followed by a 24-week exercise intervention. Outcome measures were collected at entry (week 0) and following regular care (24-week) and exercise (48-week). Assessed variables included endothelial function (flow mediated dilation, FMD), blood pressure, heart rate (HR), aerobic capacity, anthropometry, body composition, muscular strength (3 repetition maximum testing), muscular endurance (repetitions/min) and physical activity levels (accelerometry). Compared to baseline, delta diameter (p = 0.008) and FMD (p = 0.029) of the brachial artery increased following exercise. Bicep-curl strength also increased following exercise compared to baseline (p = 0.019), while submaximal (6 min mark) measures of ventilation (p = 0.012), rating of perceived exertion (p = 0.012), HR (p = 0.001), absolute (p = 0.000) and relative (p = 0.000) aerobic capacity decreased. Breaks in sedentary time increased (p = 0.043) following exercise compared to regular care. Although the sample was small and heterogeneous, this study demonstrates that exercise is achievable and has positive effects on vascular function, submaximal fitness, local strength and physical activity in a population of AYA survivors of pediatric oncology related cerebral insult.
We investigated the effect of an extended denervation procedure in the thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint in patients suffering from CMC osteoarthritis. Between 2006 and 2018, 46 patients underwent ...the procedure in our clinic and were included in this retrospective study. Pain, strength, range of motion, DASH score, complications and overall satisfaction were determined. Assessment showed a significant decrease in pain and excellent physical function at a median 5 years’ follow-up. Twelve patients needed secondary surgery due to persistent pain. Overall, 28 of the 46 patients were satisfied with the results of the denervation. Even though the results of CMC denervation are poorer than with simple trapeziectomy, considerable pain relief can be achieved in selected young, physically active patients by exclusively soft-tissue surgery, conserving the biomechanical properties of the joint. In case of failure of the procedure, all other options remain available.
L’objectif de l’étude était d’évaluer les résultats de la dénervation étendue chez des patients atteints de rhizarthrose. Entre 2006 et 2018, nous avons effectué une dénervation étendue chez 46 patient qui ont été inclus dans cette étude rétrospective. Nous avons étudié la douleur, la force, la mobilité, le score DASH, les complications et la satisfaction globale de nos patients. L'évaluation a montré une diminution significative de la douleur et une excellente fonction après une période de suivi médiane de cinq ans. Douze patients ont nécessité une chirurgie secondaire en raison de douleurs persistantes. Globalement, 28 des 46 patients étaient satisfaits des résultats de la dénervation. Même si les résultats de la dénervation trapézo-métacarpienne restent en deçà des résultats de la trapézectomie simple, un groupe de sélection négative comprenant des patients jeunes, physiquement actifs, peut bénéficier d'une réduction notable de la douleur, grâce à une intervention limitée aux parties molles, conservant les propriétés biomécaniques de l'articulation. En cas d'échec de l’intervention toutes les autres options restent valides.
The need for lithium in energy storage systems has risen dramatically due to the development of renewable energy technology, portable devices, and electric cars. The current review focuses on the ...existing worldwide resources of lithium ore, along with the production, demand, and mineralogy of lithium-bearing minerals, in addition to lithium recovery from hard pegmatite ore using different beneficiation techniques. Lithium ore is beneficiated using various methods, including magnetic separation, gravity concentration, electrostatic separation, and flotation to separate gangue minerals. Flotation is the most frequently utilized beneficiation technique. It is found that gravity concentration and flotation are the main beneficiation methods used in many plants around the world. In flotation, reagent chemistry, surface properties, and water quality were critical in spodumene's efficient recovery. A summary of several reagent regimes, surface properties, flotation conditions, and prospective future studies for technical viability are provided. The current review paper also discusses the beneficiation flowsheet widely used to recover spodumene, lepidolite, and petalite from pegmatite ore. Also, it is tried to discuss the key future research areas along with the cost economics aspect of processing such ore deposits to recover lithium.
In this paper, different Silicon PhotoMultiplier (SiPM) sensors have been tested with charged particles to characterize the Cherenkov light produced in the sensor protection layer. A careful position ...scan of the SiPM response has been performed with different prototypes, confirming the large number of firing cells and proving almost full efficiency, with the SiPM filling factor essentially negligible. This study also allowed us to study the time resolution of such devices as a function of the number of firing cells, reaching values below 20 ps. These measurements provide significant insight into the capabilities of SiPM sensors in direct detection of charged particles and their potential for several applications.
The port ecosystems are prone to deterioration due to the maritime and coastal activities and as a major source of the country’s economy need efficient management. Phytoplankton communities can serve ...as reliable indicators of the prevailing environmental conditions due to their short life cycles. Seasonal sampling was conducted at 26 stations from October 2014 to February 2016 at Kandla port situated in a creek, along the west coast of India. The post-monsoon and monsoon water temperatures were higher (30 °C) whereas pre-monsoon were lower (21 °C). The salinity varied from polyhaline (18–30; monsoon) to euhaline (30 to 45; non-monsoon). The strong currents, high tidal activity, shallow depth areas, and the creek backwater systems make this ecosystem well-mixed and turbid. The annual average trophic index (TRIX) scores indicated very good water quality and low eutrophication, except during pre-monsoon (2.3 ± 0.7 to 4.1 ± 0.2). Based on the cell size, the phytoplankton community was classified into two main groups, i.e., nano-microphytoplankton, which comprised forty-seven species (represented by diatoms, dinoflagellates, and silicoflagellates) and picophytoplankton including two groups (picocyanophytes and picoeukaryotes). The diatoms and picophytoplankton dominated the total biomass and cell abundance, respectively. Only the picophytoplankton exhibited significant seasonal variations in cell abundance and carbon biomass. The lowest monsoon phytoplankton abundance coincided with high turbidity and vice versa during the post-monsoon. The hypersaline pre-monsoon environment with lower annual temperature, relatively lower turbid waters, and increased nutrients favoured higher diatom diversity. These conditions also supported potentially harmful
Gymnodinium
sp. and bloom-forming
Tripos furca
and
Pyrophacus
sp. Overall, ten non-toxic but bloom-forming species were observed. The study provides insights into the phytoplankton community’s response to environmental conditions that can have repercussions on the ecosystem’s functioning.
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