The series is devoted to the publication of high-level monographs on all areas of mathematical logic and its applications. It is addressed to advanced students and research mathematicians, and may ...also serve as a guide for lectures and for seminars at the graduate level.
The papers collected in this volume represent the main body of research arising from the International Munich Centenary Conference in 2001, which commemorated the discovery of the famous Russell ...Paradox a hundred years ago. The 31 contributions and the introductory essay by the editor were (with two exceptions) all originally written for the volume.
The volume serves a twofold purpose, historical and systematic. One focus is on Bertrand Russell's logic and logical philosophy, taking into account the rich sources of the Russell Archives, many of which have become available only recently. The second equally important aim is to present original research in the broad range of foundational studies that draws on both current conceptions and recent technical advances in the above-mentioned fields. The volume contributes thereby to the well-established body of mathematical philosophy initiated to a large extent by Russell's work.
The mammalian embryo develops as a quasi-stem cell system whose differentiation and pluripotentiality in vitro is controlled by a single regulatory factor, Differentiation Inhibiting ...Activity/Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (DIA/LIF). DIA/LIF is expressed in two distinct functional forms, derived from the use of alternate transcriptional start sites, one of which is freely diffusible and the other tightly associated with the extracellular matrix. The dissemination of the DIA/LIF signal is therefore under specific molecular control. The expression of DIA/LIF in vitro is both developmentally programmed and controlled by the action of other growth factors, the most notable of which are members of the fibroblast growth factor family expressed by the stem cells themselves. This indicates that differentiation and proliferation in early development of the mouse are controlled, at least in part, by an interactive network of specific growth and differentiation regulatory factors.
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Tetradecanoyl Phorbol Acetate (TPA) initiate signalling cascades in C3H 10T1/2 fibroblasts by primarily activating distinct protein kinases, the EGF receptor ...tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C respectively; there is no signal crossover at the initiation of signalling. Nevertheless, we show here that both agents rapidly elicit common intracellular responses, including the phosphorylation of complexed and chromatin-associated forms of a 33 kDa phosphoprotein (pp33), that of a 15 kDa chromatin-associated phosphoprotein (pp15), as well as the transcriptional activation of a common subset of genes including the c-fos proto-oncogene. 2-aminopurine specifically abolishes complexed and chromatin-associated pp33 phosphorylation in response to EGF and TPA, as well as the induction of c-fos by both agents. The activation of protein kinase C and the levels of transcription factors that bind to the serum response element (SRE), TPA response element (TRE) or NFkB sites in stimulated cells are relatively unaffected by 2-aminopurine. This, to our knowledge, is the first demonstration that it is possible, by using 2-aminopurine which selectively blocks TPA-stimulated pp33 phosphorylation, to block c-fos induction in TPA-treated cells although protein kinase C remains fully active. Further, we show here that although EGF- and TPA-stimulated induction of c-fos is abolished by 2-aminopurine, the appearance of TRE-binding activity in nuclear extracts of stimulated cells is unaffected, suggesting that EGF- and TPA-stimulated induction of TRE-binding activity utilises existing proteins and is not dependent on fresh c-FOS synthesis. These results imply that 2-aminopurine-sensitive complexed and chromatin-associated pp33 phosphorylation may be crucial to c-fos induction in response to EGF and TPA.
Mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against nerve growth factor (beta NGF) from bovine seminal plasma have been isolated and characterized. They are produced by hybridomas derived from Sp2/0.Ag14 ...myeloma cells and spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with beta NGF which was purified by the method of Harper et al. J. biol. Chem. 257, 8541-8548 (1982). Five of these hybridomas can be grown in ascites tumor form and secrete antibodies of the IgG1 or IgG2a subclass. When used to probe the components of seminal plasma extracts or purified beta NGF as separated electrophoretically on SDS gels, the antibodies react with the beta NGF band at Mr = 15,000. The antibodies bind to native bovine beta NGF, but bind very poorly to mouse beta NGF. Antibody exclusion and additive-binding experiments indicate that these antibodies bind to the 1 antigenic domain. The cell receptor binding site is probably not close to this domain, as the antibodies fail to block the biological activity of bovine beta NGF on cultures of dissociated neurons from sensory ganglia. These monoclonal antibodies define a region in which bovine beta NGF is structurally different from the closely related molecule mouse beta NGF.
The Silicone Study is a multicentered, randomized surgical trial designed to compare the tamponade effectiveness of silicone oil versus long-acting gas in the treatment of proliferative ...vitreoretinopathy (PVR) by vitrectomy and associated techniques. Fundus photographs are taken to provide documentation of the anatomic status of eyes proposed for entry and are graded at an independent Reading Center. This article describes the protocol for photographic documentation of PVR as a continuum of increasing pathology, in which the pathology may only be present in the anterior retina, and the retina is usually highly elevated. In a validity and reliability study, agreement between photographic and clinical observation within one step was obtained for 88% of the eyes; intra- and inter-observer agreement within one step was 85 and 80%, respectively. Differences between the surgeon's grade and the Reading Center's were caused about equally by disagreement regarding extent of fixed folds and width of the funnel. Rarely did peripheral folds not visible in the photographs appear to be the sole explanation of the disagreement. Differences among readers were concerned mainly with differentiation of true full-thickness fixed folds from folds due to simple redundancy of the detached retina. These results demonstrate that complicated retinal detachment (RD) can be photographically documented and independently assessed.
