Global trends in esophageal cancer Malhotra, Gautam K.; Yanala, Ujwal; Ravipati, Advaitaa ...
Journal of surgical oncology,
April 1, 2017, Letnik:
115, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Esophageal Cancer (EC) is a lethal malignancy with poor prognosis and significant variations in the incidence, mortality, and histopathology based on geographic regions. The ...aim of this study was to quantitatively analyze these variations to identify patterns and areas for further research.
METHODS
We utilized the GLOBOCAN 2012, and Cancer Incidence in five Continents, Volume X (CI5X) database to analyze variations in EC incidence and mortality.
RESULTS
We found the EC incidence and mortality is geographically varied with a particularly high burden in East Asia and Eastern/Southern Africa where esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) predominates over adenocarcinoma (AC). Interestingly, there is a dichotomy between the high incidence of esophageal SCC in East Africa and low incidence in West Africa. The global incidence and mortality from EC is expected to rise in the coming decades. Asia, and China in particular, will continue to be the areas most burdened by EC, while Africa is expected to surpass the incidence and mortality rates of Europe.
CONCLUSIONS
The global burden of EC is expected to rise in the coming years. Understanding the geographic, environmental, and genetic contributors to the development of EC will be essential in combating its prevalence.
With skin cancer rates rising, there is a consistent stream of literature published on Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). However, there are no studies examining MMS article visibility and readership ...patterns. The Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) is a metric that quantifies article distribution on media platforms. We analyzed the 100 most cited MMS publications from 2010 to 2020 and constructed multivariate regression models using top 25th percentile AASs and mentions on Facebook, Twitter, and new outlets as outcome variables. Articles with an AAS in the top 25th quartile consistently performed better with higher citations, Twitter mentions, Facebook mentions, and journal impact factors compared to articles in the lower three quartiles (53.8 vs 33.9; 4.68 vs 0.44; 0.32 vs 0.08; 53.5 vs 14.6; p < 0.05 for all). There were significantly lower female last authors versus males in the top quartile of AAS articles, with males 142 times more likely to have articles in the top quartile (p < 0.05). Studies comparing MMS to other surgical techniques and funded articles had higher odds of being in the top quartile of AASs (aOR 29.63 p < 0.05; aOR 74.50 p < 0.05). AASs can be useful to understand public interest, readership, and article features that influence the reach of MMS literature.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study is to describe the trends and variations in the global burden of gallbladder cancer (GBC) with an emphasis on geographic variations and female gender.
METHODS
Data ...(2012‐2030) relating to GBC was extracted from GLOBOCAN 2012 database and analyzed.
RESULTS
The results of our study document a rising global burden of GBC with geographic and gender variations. The highest burden was noted in the WPRO region (based on WHO regions), Asia (based on continents) and India, Chile, and China (based on countries). The less developed regions of the world account for the majority of the global burden of GBC. The geographic variations are also present within individual countries such as in India and Chile. Females are afflicted at a much higher rate with GBC and this predilection is exaggerated in countries with higher incidence such as India and Chile. In females, people of certain ethnic groups and lower socio‐economic standing are at a higher risk.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study demonstrates a rising global burden of GBC with some specific data on geographic and gender‐based variations which can be used to develop strategies at the global as well as the high‐risk individual country level.
In this study, we examine keratosis pilaris search patterns using Google Trends to determine any seasonality. Monthly searches were collected from January 2004 to January 2020 using “keratosis ...pilaris” as the search term in the Google Trends database. The US search data were compared to monthly temperatures and tested for correlation. Worldwide search interest was also acquired and, along with the US data, a two‐model analysis was performed to determine any seasonal patterns. Peaks in search interest closely overlapped with higher temperatures in the United States and showed correlation (.44; P < .0001). The US and worldwide search interest also exhibited seasonality, which was confirmed with a sinusoidal regression being the best‐fit model (R2 = .867 and .895). These results show higher search volume during warmer months in the United States and a clear cyclical pattern in searches worldwide and in the United States. Examination of these trends could elucidate peaks that health care providers may not have been aware of yielding improved resource allocation and preparedness for larger volume periods. This information in conjunction with clinical data could also shed more light in the future on potential peak seasons of incidence and prevalence.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study is to describe the trends and variations in the global burden of colorectal cancer (CRC).
METHODS
Data (2012‐2030) relating to CRC was extracted from GLOBOCAN 2012 ...database and analyzed.
RESULTS
The results of our study demonstrate a rising global burden of colorectal cancer which persists until the year 2035 and likely beyond. The rise in the global burden is not uniform with significant variations influenced by geographic location, socio‐economic status, age, and gender. Although the EURO region has the highest burden, Asia as a continent continues to bear the heaviest brunt of the disease. Although the burden of disease is higher in more developed regions, mortality is considerably higher in less developed regions and this gap widens over the next two decades. The disease predominantly affects the male gender across all regions of the world. Age has a complex relation with the burden of CRC and is affected by the cross‐influences relating to socio‐economic status.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of our study demonstrate a rising global burden of CRC with some unique variations. Knowledge of this data can increase awareness and help strategic targeting of efforts and resources.
With immunotherapy historically focused on cutaneous melanoma, there has been a new wave of systemic medications available for treating non-melanoma skin cancers including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), ...squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). The immune checkpoint inhibitors approved by the FDA target programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. These medications have expanded treatment options; however, side effects are an important consideration. We used the FDA Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) to characterize the most prevalent, real-world side effects experienced by patients on these agents. Muscle spasms (23.45%), alopecia (16.06%), ageusia (12.02%), taste disorder (11.91%), and fatigue (11.67%) were the five most common side effects reported with medications used for BCC treatment. Logistic regression analysis showed males on vismodegib for BCC having greater odds of experiencing muscle spasms (aOR 1.33, P<0.001) and ageusia (aOR 1.34, P<0.001) versus females, who were more likely to exhibit alopecia (aOR 1.82, P<0.001) and nausea (aOR 1.96, P<0.001). With SCC treatment, the 5 most reported adverse events were fatigue (5.58%), rash (3.59%), asthenia (3.59%), pruritus (3.19%), and pyrexia (2.79%). Patients taking cemiplimab-rwlc for BCC compared to SCC were more likely to experience disease progression (aOR 10.98, P=0.02). With medication labels providing an excessively daunting list of side effects, we characterize practical side effects seen in patients receiving systemic treatments for non-melanoma skin cancers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(5):301-305. doi:10.36849/JDD.7968.
Intravenous immunoglobulin infusions into Alzheimer patients have been found to provide cognitive benefit over a period of 6 mo in open label studies. One suggestion has been that these preparations ...contain small amounts of antibodies directed against monomeric and oligomeric Aβ which underlie their effectiveness in patients. To test this hypothesis, we infused Gammagard, a version of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), into the lateral ventricle of amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice with pre-existing amyloid deposits. Mice were infused over 4 weeks, and tested behaviorally for the last 2 weeks of treatment. Brains were analyzed for histopathology. We found widespread distribution of human-immunoglobulin G (h-IgG) staining in the mouse forebrain, including cerebral cortices and hippocampus. Some cortical neurons appeared to concentrate the h-IgG, but we did not detect evidence of amyloid plaque labeling by h-IgG. The IVIG-treated mice had no change in phenotype compared to saline-infused animals with respect to activity, learning and memory, or amyloid deposition. APP mice infused with an anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody did show some reduction in amyloid deposits. These data do not support the argument that anti-Aβ antibodies in IVIG preparations are responsible for cognitive benefits seen with these preparations.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been steadily integrated into dermatology with AI platforms already attempting to identify skin cancers and diagnose benign versus malignant lesions. While not as ...widely known, AI programs have also been utilized as diagnostic and prognostic tools for dermatologic conditions with systemic or extracutaneous involvement, especially for diseases with autoimmune etiologies. We have provided a primer on commonly used AI platforms and practical applicability of these algorithms in dealing with psoriasis, systemic sclerosis, and dermatomyositis as a microcosm for future directions in the field. With a rapidly changing landscape in dermatology and medicine as a whole, AI could be a versatile tool to support clinicians and enhance access to care.
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition that leads to patchy, nonscarring hair loss. Its etiology remains unknown; the condition can be debilitating for patients, impacting their psychosocial ...wellbeing. Various triggers have been reported, ranging from genetic predisposition and infections to environmental factors. Medications have also been thought to be an inciting factor in AA.
Using the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS), all cases reporting AA as an adverse event were used to capture associated medications and patient characteristics.
There were 1,331 AA cases reported as an adverse event with medication use. Monoclonal antibodies accounted for 6 out of the top 10 drugs associated with the highest number of AA cases. Males were more likely to report AA when taking adalimumab (OR: 1.79, P = 0.04) and dupilumab (OR: 2.56, P = 0.03) compared to females. Individuals between 42 and 64 years old accounted for 46.7% of AA cases. Lastly, females in older age groups showed greater odds of developing AA compared to males (OR: 1.03, P < 0.01).
Based on the FAERS, there has been a steady rise in AA cases, and monoclonal antibodies were the most frequently cited medication class tied to AA. With a dearth of literature on triggers and patient demographics, we sought to describe features of AA cases that could increase awareness and be used to improve future clinical outcomes in patients.
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