The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-hyperalgesic effect of kaempferol-3,7-di-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble part of Dryopteris cycadina. Pretreatment ...of the compound at the doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg caused a significant reduction in abdominal constrictions in acetic acid-induced writhing test with maximum effect of 63.03% (P < 0.001) at 10 mg/kg i.p. When subjected in formalin test, it evoked a marked antinociceptive effect in both phases in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum (p < 0.01) pain-inhibiting effects were 61.36% and 65.89% in 1st and 2nd phases at 10 mg/kg i.p., respectively. Administration of atropine (non-selective cholinergic receptor antagonist) significantly (p < 0.05) antagonized the antihyperalgesic effect of the compound, while glibenclamide and naloxone did not alter the induced antinociceptive effect and thus, antinociceptive activity of the compound is mediated, at least in part, through cholinergic system antagonism; independent of calcium channel and opioidergic receptor participation. Furthermore, docking studies underlined strong COX-2 inhibitory activity of the compound.
Our data concluded that overall analgesic activity of the compound seems to involve COX-2 inhibition and activation of cholinergic receptors. However, further detailed studies are required in this direction to confirm the analgesic effect of the compound for its possible clinical utility.
As the fossil fuels are running out, the world is advancing toward renewable energy sources and related energy storage technologies. Metal–air batteries have received significant prominence due to ...their high energy density compared to conventional batteries and fuel cells. Particularly, lithium–air battery has garnered tremendous attention owing to its highest theoretical energy density alongside a large cell capacity. However, technical challenges pertaining to the cathode such as cell voltage drop, carbon electrode corrosion, detrimental side reactions, electrode pore clogging, etc., still persist and hinder their commercial success. So, to improve their overall performance and make them a practical success, various cathode materials are being investigated by researchers around the globe. Nanoengineering of two-dimensional materials is one such subject under extensive investigation, where MXenes have recently emerged as strong candidates with their unique properties such as high hydrophilicity, large interlayer spacing, and high mechanical stability. MXenes with high electrical conductivity and catalytic activity possess a huge potential for applications in energy storage. Over the past few years, more than 30 MXenes with different chemistries have been synthesized for various applications. Yet, titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2T x ) remains as the most studied MXene, mainly, but not exclusively, for its high electrical conductivity, which makes it a suitable choice for electrode material. This review presents an overview of MXene, its syntheses, and an up-to-date summary from the literature focused on the potential use of TiC MXenes as cathodes in Li–air batteries.
Purpose The present study aimed to determine the changes in physical and balance performance following exercise-induced muscle damage using a sport-specific protocol. Subjects and Methods Fifteen ...collegiate soccer players were asked to perform a sport-specific sprint protocol to induce muscle damage. The markers of muscle damage (soreness, range of motion, limb girth, muscle strength, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase), physical performance (speed, agility and power) and balance (static and dynamic balance) were assessed at baseline and 24, 48 and 72 hours following the sprint protocol. Results All variables, including the markers of muscle damage, physical performance and balance showed a significant difference when assessed at the 4 time points. Conclusion The study demonstrated that both the physical and balance performance were affected following repeated sprint protocol in soccer players. It is recommended the balance performance of an athlete be continually assessed following exercise-induced muscle damage so as to determine the appropriate return to sport decision thereby, minimizing the risk of further injury.
The dimeric napthoquione 5,8,4′-trihydroxy-1′-methoxy-6, 6′-dimethyl-7,3′-binaphtyl-1,4,5′,8′-tetraone (1) was isolated from the chloroform fraction of Diospyros lotus extract. Compound 1 was ...screened for its inhibitory effects against four enzymes: urease, phosphodiesterase-I, carbonic anhydrase-II and α-chymotrypsin, and showed selective activity against urease enzyme with an IC
50
value of 254.1 ± 3.82 μM as compared to the standard thiourea (IC
50
= 21 ± 0.11 μM). Furthermore, in silico docking study was carried out to explain the molecular mechanism of compound 1 against the target receptor.
Abstract Diospyros lotus L. possesses different therapeutic activities such as antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-microbial and sedative. However, no studies on the sedative-hypnotic activity of ...7-methyljuglone are reported. In the present study, we have evaluated in vivo the anxiolytic-hypnotic like effects of 7-methyljuglone in mice with open field and phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time tests. We have also assessed in silico the involvement of GABAA , GABAB and 5HT1 neurotransmission in its mechanism of action. The intraperitoneal administration of 7-methyljuglone (2.5–10 mg/kg) reduce significantly the number of crossed lines in mice open field test and concomitantly it shown a significant activity in term of onset of sleeping time and also in its duration. Moreover, 7-methyljuglone demonstrated in silico an interesting interaction with GABAA but not GABAB and 5HT1binding sites. All of these results, taken together, 7-methyljuglone may be an innovative candidate for designing new pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications.
Introduction
To analyse the safety and effectiveness of gliclazide modified release (MR) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus participating in Ramadan from three geographically and culturally ...different regions of the world included in the DIA-RAMADAN study.
Methods
DIA-RAMADAN was a real-world, observational, international, non-comparative study. The global study population was divided into three regional subgroups, with data gathered at inclusion 6–8 weeks prior to Ramadan (V0), during Ramadan (4.5 weeks) and 4–6 weeks after Ramadan (V1). Primary endpoint was the proportion of patients reporting ≥ 1 symptomatic hypoglycaemic events (HE), which were collected using a patient diary along with other adverse events.
Results
Patient numbers from the three regions were
n
= 564 (46.5%; Indian sub-continent),
n
= 354 (29.1%; Middle East) and
n
= 296 (24.4%; South-East Asia). Patient baseline characteristics, demographics, fasting habits and antidiabetic treatments varied between regions. There were similar proportions of symptomatic HE between regions, with no severe HE. Significant weight reductions were observed in all regions following Ramadan, along with reductions in HbA
1c
and fasting plasma glucose.
Conclusion
These real-world study data indicate that gliclazide MR is safe and effective for management of type 2 diabetes during Ramadan in all three regions studied as part of DIA-RAMADAN.
Trial Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT04132934.
Infographic
CANCERS Muhammad, Noor; Rafique, Muhammad; Baloch, Saud ...
The professional medical journal,
12/2018, Letnik:
21, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Objective: To calculate the prevalence of common types of cancer in SINDHbased on Civil Hospital Karachi (CHK) database. Type of Study: Retrospective ObservationalStudy. Place & Duration of Study: ...Clinical Oncology Department Civil Hospital Karachi, fromJanuary, 2004 to December 2011(8 Years). Methods: All the Patients attending the oncologydepartment CHK were selected for study. After completing data the cancer registry patients werecategorized according to their diagnosis and this data was recorded on Microsoft Excel sheet.Results: During period of January 2004 to December 2011, the total number of patients includedin the study was 5504 out of which 2638 were males and 2866 females. The list of prevalence ofdifferent types of cancer was created and according to the statistical analysis based on CHK database, the increasing trend was seen in breast, oral cavity, lymphoid tissue, blood, colorectal, liver& biliary tract, faciomaxillary, lung, uterus, esophagus, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, larynx,ovary, male genital system, Nasopharynx, urinary system and brain cancers. Conclusions: It isconcluded that the registration of cancer patients is highly beneficial for the evaluation of cancerprevalence and incidence. This registration is also helpful for calculating the comparativeincidence and prevalence of cancers on national and international levels. The recorded data willalso help to improve the quality of life of cancer patients as this data is very much helpful toidentify the etiology and risk factors of cancers which will improve health prevention andmanagement plans by higher authorities.
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