Evidence shows that people with strong physical activity habits tend to engage in more physical activity than those with weaker habits, but little is known about how habit influences specific types ...of physical activity. This study aimed to test whether mean level of habit strength and magnitude of the habit strength – behaviour association differed as a function of physical activity modality. Participants (N = 120; M age = 25 years, 75% female) who reported engaging in organised sport separately reported their habit strength for organised sport and leisure time physical activity as well as the time they spent engaging in these physical activity behaviours. Means comparisons and multilevel modelling revealed that people had significantly stronger habit for organised sport than for leisure time physical activity. Crucially, no significant difference was found in the magnitude of the sport-habit and leisure-habit link. Post-hoc analyses revealed that habit was stronger for team sport compared to individual sport, but that there was no significant difference in sport-habit association between team and individual sports. Research should therefore focus on identifying the characteristics of team sports-based activity that are particularly conducive to habit formation as a precursor to developing interventions to promote performance of leisure time activity in a way that would attain such characteristics.
Depression and anxiety are more likely to co-occur than to occur in isolation. Research supports the use of exercise in the treatment of depression or anxiety, but comorbidity may complicate how ...people are impacted by treatment.
A systematic review (PROSPERO # 42018111114) was conducted to investigate whether and how the evidence of effects of exercise on depression accounts for (1) the prevalence of comorbidity of depression and anxiety within trial samples, and (2) the effects of comorbidity in analyses of intervention effects. This review will utilize and extend the findings of Cooney et al. (2013) applying the same search terms and inclusion criteria (i.e. depression diagnosis). For the review update, five databases were searched including Cochrane Register of Control Trials, Embase, PubMed, Medline and PsycINFO.
The search resulted in 63 eligible studies with a total of 4,816 participants. Sixteen (25%) studies reported prevalence of anxiety, two (3%) considered comorbidity descriptively, but none accounted for comorbidity in their trial analyses.
Depression and anxiety are known to co-exist but trials testing the effects of exercise on depression are generally neither reporting the prevalence of comorbidity of anxiety within their samples nor testing whether the presence of comorbidity impacts trial effectiveness and efficacy. Comorbidity of depression and anxiety should be considered in exercise trials to ensure that the effects will apply to the manifestation of these disorders in the real world.
•Exercise interventions are beneficial in helping to reduce depression symptoms.•Comorbid depression and anxiety present unique symptomologies that may impact exercise intervention effectiveness.•Of reviewed studies, 25% reported anxiety symptoms, while 0% tested the impact on comorbid depression and anxiety.•Exercise intervention effects for comorbid depression and anxiety remain unclear.•Tailoring exercise interventions for comorbid depression and anxiety has practical implications for future studies.
Time for Break Luo, Yuhan; Lee, Bongshin; Wohn, Donghee Yvette ...
Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems,
04/2018
Conference Proceeding
Extended periods of uninterrupted sedentary behavior are detrimental to long-term health. While prolonged sitting is prevalent among information workers, it is difficult for them to break prolonged ...sedentary behavior due to the nature of their work. This work aims to understand information workers' intentions & practices around standing or moving breaks. We developed Time for Break, a break prompting system that enables people to set their desired work duration and prompts them to stand up or move. We conducted an exploratory field study (N = 25) with Time for Break to collect participants' work & break intentions and behaviors for three weeks, followed by semi-structured interviews. We examined rich contexts affecting participants' receptiveness to standing or moving breaks, and identified how their habit strength and self-regulation are related to their break-taking intentions & practices. We discuss design implications for interventions to break up periods of prolonged sedentary behavior in workplaces.
Evidence for the effectiveness of exercise as therapy for youth substance use disorder (SUD) is scarce. In this study, we investigated associations between exercise enjoyment and recovery outcomes ...for youth undergoing residential SUD treatment.
Using ecological momentary assessment, each week participants reported perceptions of exercise enjoyment, relapse prevention efficacy, self-esteem, and physical health, and associations between these variables were assessed at both between- and within-person levels. There were 97 participants (age: M = 17.5, SD = 1.57, range = 14 to 21; 37 female, 60 male), with a final sample of 64 due to participants (n = 33) discontinuing treatment within 2 weeks of commencement. Of the remaining sample, 50% (n = 32) completed 3 or more assessments, 40% (n = 26) completed 5 or more, and 25% (n = 16) completed 7 or more.
Relapse prevention efficacy, self-esteem, and perceived physical health increased over time in the program. Youth who, on average, enjoyed exercise more had higher self-esteem, perceived physical health, and relapse prevention efficacy than those who enjoyed it less. Additionally, on occasions when youth enjoyed exercise more (relative to their own average), they reported higher self-esteem, perceived physical health, and relapse prevention efficacy than on occasions when they reported enjoying it less.
Participation in—and importantly, enjoyment of—exercise was linked to key health indices and predictors of relapse for youth during SUD treatment. These findings demonstrate that participation in enjoyable structured exercise may provide an important component of successful SUD treatment.
•One of the first studies to identify within-person effects of exercise enjoyment for youth with substance use disorders.•Positive between- and within-person effects for youth exercise enjoyment on recovery and general wellbeing outcomes.•Exercise enjoyment was positively associated with self-esteem and perceived physical health.•Youth who enjoyed exercise more had greater confidence to resist drug/alcohol use.•Enjoyable exercise may be a valuable behavioral replacement strategy in youth addiction recovery.
Human development is characterized by the complex interplay of processes that manifest at multiple levels of analysis and time-scales. The authors introduce the Intraindividual Study of Affect, ...Health and Interpersonal Behavior as a model for how multiple time-scale study designs facilitate more precise articulation of developmental theory. Combining age heterogeneity, longitudinal panel, daily diary, and experience sampling protocols, the study made use of smartphone and web-based technologies to obtain intensive longitudinal data from 150 persons age 18 to 89 years as they completed three 21-day measurement bursts, spanning 8,557 days and 64,112 social interactions, as they went about their daily lives. The authors illustrate how multiple time-scales of data can be used to articulate bioecological models of development and the interplay among more "distal" processes that manifest at "slower" time-scales (age-related differences and burst-to-burst changes in mental health) and more "proximal" processes that manifest at "faster" time-scales (changes in context that progress in accordance with the weekly calendar and family influence processes).
Purpose
To explore demographic, health, social-cognitive and behavioural correlates of resistance training among post-treatment breast cancer survivors.
Methods
A sample of 330 post-treatment breast ...cancer survivors recruited from across Australia completed a mailed questionnaire. A multivariate logistical regression model was used to test associations between independent variables and meeting the resistance training guidelines.
Results
Less than a quarter of the participants were meeting the resistance training guidelines of at least two sessions of resistance training per week. Higher task self-efficacy for resistance training (
p
< 0.01) and greater goal-setting behaviour (
p
< 0.05) were identified as significant predictors of meeting the resistance training guidelines, with a one unit increase in task self-efficacy and goal setting, increasing the odds of meeting the resistance training guidelines by a factor of approximately 1.2 (odds ratio (OR) task self-efficacy = 1.23, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.05–1.43; goal-setting OR = 1.20, 95 % CI = 1.04–1.38). No other variables significantly predicted meeting the resistance training guidelines in the multivariate analysis.
Conclusions
Strategies targeting task self-efficacy and goal-setting behaviours are likely to be important intervention components in resistance training interventions for breast cancer survivors.
Implications for cancer survivors
The findings of this study will be useful for informing the development of evidence-based interventions aiming to promote resistance training among this group.
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