Amauroderma rugosum (Blume and T. Nees) Torrend is a traditionally well-known mushroom that is used for the treatment of cancer. In order to evaluate the pharmacological activities of A. rugosum ...polysaccharides, the mushroom powder was subjected to hot water extraction and pure polysaccharides (ARPs) were isolated by gel-filtration method. Three important APRs called ARP-1, ARP-2 and ARP-5 were identified with average molecular weights of 1494, 450, and 7 kDa respectively. Their antioxidant abilities were estimated by examining free radical scavenging potential against 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical (ABTS●+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH●), and hydroxyl radical. Immunomodulatory potentials of these ARPs were determined using murine macrophage cells. These polysaccharides exhibited high antioxidant abilities and stimulated mouse macrophages leading to the generation of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Excellent activities were displayed by ARP-1 and APR-2. Gas chromatography and spectroscopic (FT-IR and NMR) methods were employed in order to carry out their structural characterisation. The two high molecular weight ARPs (ARP-1 and ARP-2) displayed β-(1 → 3)-D-glucan backbone structure with branching of β-(1 → 6)-d-glucopyranosyl. These observations suggest high potential of ARPs for immunotherapeutic applications.
•Five polysaccharides have been isolated from Amauroderma rugosum.•Amauroderma rugosum Polysaccharides exhibit significant immunostimulatory activities and low toxicity.•Two of the identified Amauroderma rugosum Polysaccharides have high potential to develop immunotherapeutic agents.•Two active polysaccharides (ARP-1 and ARP-2) exhibit β-(1. → 3)-D-glucan backbone structure with branching of β-(1 → 6)-d-glucopyranosyl
Adiantum philippense
(
A. philippense
), an ethnomedicinally important fern, has become an interesting herb in the search for novel bioactive metabolites, which can also be used as therapeutic ...agents. Primarily, in this study,
A. philippense
crude extract was screened for its phytochemical constituents, antagonistic potential, and effect on bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation against common food pathogens. Phytochemical profiling of
A. philippense
was carried out by using High Resolution-Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (HR-LCMS) followed by antibacterial activity via agar cup/well diffusion, broth microdilution susceptibility methods, and growth curve analysis. Antibiofilm potency and efficacy were assessed on the development, formation, and texture of biofilms through light microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and the assessment of exopolysaccharide production. Correspondingly, a checkerboard test was performed to evaluate the combinatorial effect of
A. philippense
and chloramphenicol. Lastly, molecular docking studies of identified phytochemicals with adhesin proteins of tested food pathogens, which helps the bacteria in surface attachment and leads to biofilm formation, were assessed.
A. philippense
crude extract was found to be active against all tested food pathogens, displaying the rapid time-dependent kinetics of bacterial killing.
A. philippense
crude extract also impedes the biofilm matrix by reducing the total content of exopolysaccharide, and, likewise, the microscopic images revealed a great extent of disruption in the architecture of biofilms. A synergy was observed between
A. philippense
crude extract and chloramphenicol for
E. coli, S. aureus
, and
P. aeruginosa
, whereas an additive effect was observed for
S. flexneri
. Various bioactive phytochemicals were categorized from
A. philippense
crude extract using HR-LCMS. The molecular docking of these identified phytochemicals was interrelated with the active site residues of adhesin proteins, IcsA, Sortase A, OprD, EspA, and FimH from
S. flexneri, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa
, and
E. coli
, respectively. Thus, our findings represent the bioactivity and potency of
A. philippense
crude extract against food pathogens not only in their planktonic forms but also against/in biofilms for the first time. We have also correlated these findings with the possible mechanism of biofilm inhibition via targeting adhesin proteins, which could be explored further to design new bioactive compounds against biofilm producing foodborne bacterial pathogens.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the oxidative stress and anti-oxidant status in rat serum following intra-tracheal instillation of multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The lungs of rats ...were intra-tracheally instilled with (single dose of) Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)+1% of Tween 80 (Solvent Control) or MWCNT or carbonyl Iron (negative control) or quartz particles (positive control) at a dose of 0.2, 1 and 5mg/kg body weight. Following exposure, the blood samples were collected at 1, 7, 30 and 90days of post instillation of nanoparticles and different parameters were estimated to assess the oxidative stress induced by the instillation of MWCNT. Exposure of MWCNT to rats produced a significant (p<0.05) dose dependent reduction of blood total anti-oxidant capacity, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase activity and increased lipid peroxidation product, (Malondialdehyde) levels than PBS+1% Tween 80 control group. This reduction in the total anti-oxidant capacity in nanotubes exposed rats indicates the reduction in anti-oxidant deference mechanisms due to the instillation of MWCNT. These results indicate that, exposure of multi wall carbon nanotubes induces oxidative stress by reducing the total anti-oxidant capacity in rats. The findings suggest possible occupational health hazard in chronic exposures.
Smart House Control using LabVIEW Angalaeswari, S; Deepa, T; Subbulekshmi, D ...
Journal of physics. Conference series,
12/2020, Letnik:
1716, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This project is solely based on the IOT application of Smart house. This is the day and age of smart devices. Companies are looking to transform the way humans interact with the environment. So ...digital technologies such as IOT is gaining popularity across the globe. So, trying to implement an IOT model which can function with the help of LabView and Arduino. The main objective of this project is to implement 5 subsystems which are frequently used in a smart house namely: Internal lighting system, External lighting system, Burglar alarm, Temperature and Smoke detector. The other main objective is to monitor the sensor data on the front panel of LabVIEW. The project is successfully completed and the original goals are met. The sensor data is continuously monitored and this data can be viewed on the front panel of LabVIEW. And with the help of LabVIEW, various loads can be controlled such as lights and fans.
•Lupin proteins are nutraceutical and functional foods ingredient.•Lupin protein hydrolysates exhibit excellent antioxidant activities.•Large number of flavourzyme hydrolysed peptide fractions showed ...excellent antioxidant activities.•TEINEGALLLPH and EAGTIETWNPN sequences might be responsible for antioxidant activity.
Bioactive peptides are the compounds used as medicines, nutraceuticals and food preservatives. In this study, lupin protein hydrolysates were produced by enzymatic hydrolysis using pepsin, pancreatin and flavourzyme and antioxidative activities of the hydrolysates were measured. Protein was isoelectrically isolated from the lupin seed flour and enzymatically hydrolysed. The hydrolysates were ultrafiltered using molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) membranes. Fractions with masses of <2 kDa, 2–3 kDa, 3–5 kDa and 5–10 kDa were separated from the hydrolysates obtained at different hydrolysis times and then subjected to further fractionation by Size Exclusion Chromatography. Radical scavenging activities against DPPH·, ABTS·+, OH· and Fe2+ chelating abilities of these peptide fractions were measured. The best iron chelating, OH•, DPPH• and ABTS•+scavenging activities (IC50) were 30 ± 5.3, 40 ± 3.9, 60 ± 3.9 and 90 ± 8.2 µg/mL respectively. Pancreatin and Flavourzyme have produced more fractions with best scavenging activities after 3–4 h of hydrolysis (IC50 values in the range of 40–110 µg/mL). Generally Size Exclusion purified fractions displayed superior activities than the parent fractions. Several lupin peptide fractions showed comparable antioxidant capacities to those derived from soybean protein and displayed superior activities when compared with chickpea derived peptide fractions. Therefore, lupin protein hydrolysates are a potential source for nutraceuticals and functional foods.
To provide effective resolutions for complex real-life problems and other optimization problems, abundant, various procedures have been presented in the last few decades. This paper proposes a simple ...but efficient hybrid evolutionary algorithm called GOA-DE for solving visual tracking problems. In the proposed hybrid algorithm, Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) operates in refining the vector. In contrast, the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm is used for transforming the decision vectors based on genetic operators. The improvement in maintaining the balance between exploration and exploitation abilities is made by incorporating genetic operators, namely, mutation and crossover in GOA. The success of GOA-DE is estimated by 23 classical benchmark functions, CEC05 functions, and CEC 2014 functions. The GOA-DE algorithm results prove that it is very viable associated with the metaheuristic up-to-date procedures. Similarly, visual tracking problems are resolved by the GOA-DE algorithm as a real challenging case study. Visual tracking several objects robustly in a video stream with complex backgrounds and objects are beneficial in subsequent generation computer vision structures. But, in exercise, it is problematic to plan an effective video-based visual tracking scheme owing to the fast-moving objects, probable occlusions, and diverse light circumstances. Investigational outcomes indicate that the GOA-DE-based tracker can energetically track a random target in many thought-provoking cases.
Lupin is an undervalued legume despite its high protein content with known health benefits. In this research, Australian blue lupin protein was isolated and hydrolysed enzymatically to produce ...bioactive peptides with a view to assess their potential for nutraceutical and therapeutic applications. Pepsin, pancreatin and flavourzyme were used to enzymatically hydrolyse blue lupin protein, and the hydrolysates were subjected to molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) fractionation. Measurement of biological activities led to the identification of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory fractions in the molecular weight range of 2–3 and 3–5 kDa. For the most active fractions in this range, the ACE inhibitory activities were very significant with IC50 values from 450 to 600 μg/ml. Blue lupin protein‐derived MWCO fractions were significantly active against Gram‐positive bacteria and only a little inhibition was observed against Gram‐negative bacteria. Pancreatin hydrolysed fractions showed the best antimicrobial activities with several fractions exhibiting ≥85% inhibition against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. These properties reveal the potential of lupin protein hydrolysates for developing antihypertensive and host defence agents. In order to demonstrate the potential of isolated blue lupin protein in food industry, functional properties including water and oil absorption capacity, gelling properties, solubility and emulsifying properties were evaluated and found to be extremely suitable for developing functional foods with enhanced health benefits.
Groundwater and surface water samples from 47 locations (28 groundwater, 10 tanks and 9 stream channel) were collected during the pre-monsoon (May–June) and post-monsoon season (November) from ...Chinnaeru River basin. Chinnaeru River basin is situated 30 km east of Hyderabad City and its area covers 250 km
2
and falls in the Survey of India Toposheet No. 56 K/15. The extensive agricultural, industrial and urbanization activities resulted in the contamination of the aquifer. To study the contamination of groundwater, water samples were collected from an area and analyzed for major cations and anions. Various widely accepted methods such as salinity, sodium absorption ratio, Kelly’s ratio, residual sodium carbonate, soluble sodium percentage, permeability index and water quality index are used to classify groundwater and surface water (tank and stream) for drinking as well as irrigation purposes. Besides this, Piper trilinear diagram, Wilcox diagram, Doneen’s classification and Gibb’s plot were studied for geochemical controls, and hydrogeochemistry of groundwater and surface water samples were studied.
A new hybrid polydentate template comprising distinctive pharmacophoric groups, namely, ibuprofen, 1,3,4‐oxadiazole, and 1,2,3‐triazole linked through a thioether bridge was achieved by one‐pot ...synthesis by exploring multicomponent Cu‐catalyzed “click chemistry” approach. The target structures were characterized by NMR, IR, and LC‐Mass. The X‐ray analysis of 2‐(1‐(4‐isobutylphenyl)ethyl)‐5‐(((1‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl)thio)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (8a) confirmed the assigned structure. The in vitro antibacterial and anticancer activity of these compounds revealed that 2‐(1‐(4‐isobutylphenyl)ethyl)‐5‐(((1‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl)thio)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (8b) demonstrated more potent antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and 2‐(((1‐(2,4‐dimethylphenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl)thio)‐5‐(1‐(4 isobutylphenyl)ethyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (8e) exhibited anticancer activity with IC50 of 27.50 and 31.03 μg/mL against HeLa and MCF‐7 cell lines, respectively.
Poly(5-cyano indole) or PCIND and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy pyrrole) or PEDOP films have been electro-synthesized for the first time in a hydrophobic ionic liquid: trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium ...tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate. PCIND, is an anodically coloring electrochrome, and exhibited a reversible switching between a transmissive yellow and a saturated green hue, with an absorption maximum at 650 nm in the fully oxidized state. Conducting atomic force microscopy studies revealed the PCIND film to be composed of an ensemble of segregated high current islands with a nanoscale electronic conductivity of 0.1 S cm−1 and a band gap of 1.41 eV. The cathodically coloring PEDOP film comprised of uniformly distributed and inter-connected high current carrying domains with a band gap of 1.82 eV and a conductivity of 5.4 S cm−1. Prototype electrochromic devices were fabricated using PEDOP and PCIND as cathode and anode with a thermally stable ionic liquid based, free standing polymeric gel film with a high ionic conductivity of 1.19 × 10−3 S cm−1 as the electrolyte. The device showed large coloration efficiencies of 480 and 796 cm2 C−1 at visible and NIR wavelengths of 475 and 1100 nm respectively which far exceeded the coloration efficiencies of the individual electrochromes, thereby demonstrating the synergy between the two colorants. The performance attributes of the device, which switched reversibly between red, green and blue hues, are an outcome of an interplay between the high nanolevel electron conduction capabilities (enable fast charge transport) and high ion storage capacities (increase optical contrast as more number of electrochemically addressable sites are accessed by the electrolyte ions) of the PEDOP and PCIND films. Our studies demonstrate the applicability of PCIND films as anodic electrochromes in energy efficient windows.
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