Which is the best food emerging solvent: IL, DES or NADES? Benvenutti, Laís; Zielinski, Acácio Antonio Ferreira; Ferreira, Sandra Regina Salvador
Trends in Food Science & Technology,
August 2019, 2019-08-00, 20190801, Letnik:
90
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Bioactive compounds have been intensely studied because of their biological properties that provide health benefits. However, for chemical or biological applications, these compounds are obtained ...mostly by using organic solvents. Emergent technologies consider the combination of methods and process optimization to improve the utilization of raw material, decreasing process costs, time and energy consumption. Additionally, due to the arising interest for green processes, alternative solvents have been developed. Ionic liquids (IL), deep eutectic solvents (DES) and, recently, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) can show high ability to extract organic, inorganic and polymeric bio-compounds. Overall, these promising solvents are environmentally friendly and less toxic than conventional extraction solvents.
This review summarizes the use of IL, DES, and NADES for the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural products, presenting their evolution, process variables, target compounds, extraction techniques employed and future perspectives.
The use of these emerging solvents for extraction process has shown to be promising. Besides its high solvation ability and versatility, these solvents may present low or none toxicity. Particularly, it is allowed the use of NADES in food and pharmaceutical formulations, however, some DES and IL are in need of further investigation. IL, DES, and NADES are recyclables and can be related to sustainable processes. Therefore, to expand the applications of these emerging solvents for the recovery of bioactive compounds, the extraction mechanisms involved need to be proper elucidated.
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•IL, DES, and NADES present high potential for the recovery of bio-compounds.•Different classes of compounds can be obtained in a sustainable and green process.•These solvents keep the chemical and thermal stability of the compounds obtained.•IL, DES, and NADES can have low or non-toxicity.•DES and NADES are approved to application in food or pharmaceutical products.
Brazil has great potential for the development of an NTFP bioeconomy as it has 500 million hectares of forest. In this article, I seek to identify, through a literature review, innovations in ...products and processes inserted in the value chain of Brazilian NTFPs with a greater productive value. The hypothesis is that the prospects for the development of the bioeconomy of NTFPs depend on the establishment of a series of innovations along the value chain and in public policies. The production value of NTFPs reached USD 365 million in 2020 and the main NTFPs were açaí, yerba mate, carnaúba pode, Brazil nut, babassu, and pequi. I observed that the products with the highest production value developed innovations in the cultivation of species and in the development of new products. Innovations related to social and commercial organization have been developed within the scope of working in networks. Several policies were implemented based on the construction of a collective concept for the activity related to the NTFPs, sociobiodiversity. Even so, these actions need to be continued and strengthened for the transition to an inclusive, sustainable bioeconomy that takes into account traditional knowledge. Investment in research needs to be constant for the development of new products. Sustainable planting in diversified systems can also be considered an important strategy. Partnerships between the government and the various actors in the value chains are necessary and urgent to ensure innovations, also in the regulatory and organizational environment of NTFPs’ value chains.
Kappaphycus alvarezii is the 5th world's most cultivated macroalgae, since it is an essential source of carrageenan, widely used in food industry. However, K. alvarezii is an unexplored biomass for ...green biorefinery conversion, since its composition includes valuable proteins, lipids, phenolic compounds, among others. Although there are reviews on K. Alvarezii cultivation and pharmacological properties, no information is available regarding extraction techniques applied to this algae biomass. Therefore, this review covers the lack of information on biorefinery concept applied to K. alvarezii and suggest sequential extractions to recover carrageenan and high-added value molecules by using non-conventional methods.
This critical review presents the most recent data on K. alvarezii, including its scientific trends, production and potential. It also deals with non-traditional methods for sequential extractions applied to K. alvarezii. The search for available data was extended to the group of red algae to consider the concept of biorefinery.
K. alvarezii biomass can be used to obtain chlorophyll, β-carotene, essential amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid and phenylalanine) and phytohormones (indole acetic acid, zeatin, kinetin and gibberellic acid). Therefore, we provide several sustainable insights to sequentially recovery carrageenan and other bioactive compounds from K. alvarezii.
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•Kappaphycus alvarezii, source of carrageenan and high-added value molecules.•Green extraction methods applied to Kappaphyccus alvarezii.•Biorefinery using non-conventional extraction techniques for Kappaphyccus alvarezii.
Peanut processing industries generate underused by-products (skin, shell and peanut meal) which still present high economic potential. Peanut shell has adsorbent potential for water treatment, as ...feedstock in biofuels and nanocarbon production, as well as source of bioactive compounds. Likewise, peanut skin is a potential source of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and bioactive compounds, while peanut meal is rich in higher digestible protein. These compounds have interesting potential as additives to food matrices. Thus, the use of peanut by-products appears as an interesting alternative for the application of biorefinery concept to enhance the value of the peanut production chain by recovering bioactive green chemicals.
Considering the several attributes and the valorous chemical constituents present in these by-products, allied with wide possibilities of applications, this review describes the current status of researches dealing with peanut by-products, including aspects related to the technologies employed for the recovery of high added value products, such as, the total valorization of the peanut by-products in a biorefinery system.
The proposal of a biorefinery approach to enhance the value of the peanut production chain is very promising, particularly by exploring green technologies for the recovery of valuable substances from underestimated by-products. Therefore, to expand the applications of these residual biomass, its behavior with all technologies involved, such as the use of biobased solvents, must be proper elucidated.
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•Peanut by products are good sources of functional compounds, such as natural antioxidants.•Integrating green extractions methods is promising for bioactive compounds recovery.•Biorefinery concept applied to peanut by-products values peanut production chain.•Peanut extracts can be applied in food and pharmaceutical industry.
Guava (Psidium guajava L.), a popular fruit in tropical countries, can be consumed in natura or transformed into many products. Guava's processing waste (seed, peel, and pulp leftovers) can represent ...up to 30% of the fruit's volume. Evidence indicates that this fraction still holds a significant amount of antioxidant substances, such as phenolic compounds. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition (total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, and condensed tannins), phenolic profile, and antioxidant activity (DPPH, modified DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) of guava's pulp and waste extracts (GPE and GWE) obtained from guava's pulp and waste powders (GPP and GWP). The extraction was performed using a probe-type ultrasound for 2 min at 25 °C, using ethanol:water (30:70, v/v) as the solvent (15 mL for 1 g of sample). The phenolic profile of guava's powders and extracts was performed by LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. GPE showed the highest concentration of total phenolics (2348.3 mg GAE 100 g−1 by Folin-Ciocalteu and 518.00 mg GAE 100 g−1 by Prussian Blue), and the greater in vitro antioxidant activity among all the assays tested. On the other hand, GWE was found to hold a higher amount of flavonoids (1006.08 mg QE 100 g−1), flavonols (352.59 mg QE 100 g−1), and condensed tannins (1466.9 mg g−1). Overall, 37 phenolic compounds were identified among all the samples, with 14 compounds being reported for the first time for red guava. Ellagic acid was the major phenolic present in all samples. The results showed that guava's pulp and waste are a rich source of phenolics compounds and may be used as an ingredient for the development of functional foods.
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•Guava and its by-products are rich in flavonoids, flavonols, and condensed tannins.•Prussian Blue assay allows a more accurate estimate of the total phenol content.•37 compounds were identified in guava and its by-products by LC-ESI-MS/MS.•14 phenolic compounds are being reported for the first time in red guava.•Guava can be called a superfruit due to its concentration of antioxidants.
In this study, an economical and sustainable bio-hydrometallurgical route was evaluated for the recovery of aluminum from low-grade bauxite using the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus niger. Firstly, ...four different solid media were tested for high-yield spore production. Organic acid production capacity by A. niger was also evaluated in a medium supplemented with glucose or low-cost molasses as a carbon source using fungal spores or pellets as inoculum. The concentrations of the produced organic acids were determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that oat-agar can be used as an inexpensive solid medium for greater fungal sporulation, while the liquid medium supplemented with molasses as a low-cost carbon source can be used for higher organic acids production. Among the conditions tested, A. niger spore inoculum showed the highest yield of the total produced organic acids (122.40 g L−1 or 81.6% (grams of sucrose used per grams of total acid) and also the highest (1.02 ± 0.02 g L−1 h−1) acids production rate using molasses as an inexpensive carbon source. This cultivation condition was selected for the bioleaching studies with low-grade bauxite. Among the three different bioleaching methods tested, the direct two-steps bioleaching process resulted in higher aluminum leaching (91.2%) compared to indirect (84.8%) and direct one-step (82.8%) bioleaching process. According to the results obtained using marine-derived A. niger under the established culture conditions, proved to be an eco-friendly and cost-effective way for aluminum recovery from low-grade bauxite ore and has the potential to be adopted on a pilot scale.
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•Bio-hydrometallurgical route was studied for the recovery of aluminum from bauxite.•Oat-agar was selected as the best solid growth medium for the spore production.•Molasses was used as a carbon substrate for the production of fungal metabolites.•A. niger was successfully used to degrade the bauxite ore to liberate aluminum.•The direct two-steps bioleaching process showed the highest (91.2%) Al leaching.
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•Use of “green methods” for the recovery of antioxidant compounds from buriti shell.•The RSM was useful for the optimization of the PLE conditions.•The raw material was an important ...source of carotenoids and phenolic compounds.•7 phenolics were reported for the first time in association with buriti.•The extracts present potential for application in different industry segments.
Buriti fruit, with high content in carotenoids and antioxidant compounds, is well appreciated for its organoleptic characteristics. However, its shell, an agroindustrial residue, is mostly discarded. Therefore, to verify the technological potential of the buriti shells, the aim of this this study was to evaluated the antioxidant potential of the extracts from buriti shell obtained by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with ethanol/water mixtures. PLE optimization was performed by response surface methodology, with all results maximized at the conditions of 71.21 °C and with 91.58% of ethanol. The yields values varied from 16.82 to 25.16%, total carotenoids from 23.38 to 1056.59 μg β-carotene equivalent g−1, total phenolic content from 143.37 to 172.02 mg Gallic acid equivalent g−1, DPPH from 31.04 to 48.62 μg.mL−1, and ABTS from 1.87 to 2.70 mmol TEAC. g−1. Therefore, considering the lack of studies about buriti shell, the present work provides valuable results that confirm the PLE relevance to enhance the value of this neglected material.
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•Integrated customized multi-task equipment combining SFE and PLE was developed.•Cocoa beans hulls valorization by using integrated green-based processes.•Selective recovery of ...bioactive extracts from cocoa beans hulls was performed.•The new extraction approaches provide high valuable extracts for cocoa beans hulls.
A customised multi-task equipment, combining supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with ethanol, was developed to selectively recover antioxidant compounds from cocoa bean hulls, praising this agro-industrial by-product. Total phenolic content of the extracts was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method, while the in vitro antioxidant activity was obtained by DPPH and by β-carotene bleaching methods, whereas the chemical profile of selected extracts was carried out by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. PLE extracts from sc-CO2 residue showed higher total phenol content and antioxidant performance, compared to extracts from separated methods, providing TPC values from 35 to 51 mg GAE g−1 and EC50 values from 115 to 177 μg mL−1, respectively. The combined application of sc-CO2 and PLE to selectively recover bioactive extracts from cocoa bean hulls, representing green methods, is a promising alternative to provide supplies for cosmetic and food industries, performed at a costumised low cost multi-task unit.
This retrospective cohort study described the obstetric and neonatal outcomes, antiseizure medication (ASM) use, and types of seizures in pregnant women with epilepsy (PWWE). Data collected from the ...medical records of 224 PWWE aged < 40 years with controlled or refractory seizures and 492 pregnant women without epilepsy (PWNE) control group from high-risk maternity hospitals in Alagoas between 2008 and 2021 were included in this study. The obstetric and neonatal outcomes observed in PWWE were pregnancy-related hypertension (PrH) (18.4%), oligohydramnios (10.3%), stillbirth (6.4%), vaginal bleeding (6%), preeclampsia (4.7%), and polyhydramnios (3%). There was a greater likelihood of PrH in PWWE with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and that of maternal intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in those with GTCS and status epilepticus, and phenytoin and lamotrigine use. PWWE with GTCS had a higher risk of stillbirth and premature delivery. PWWE with status epilepticus were treated with lamotrigine. Phenobarbital (PB) with diazepam were commonly used in GTCS and status epilepticus. Total 14% patients did not use ASM, while 50.2% used monotherapy and 35.8% used polytherapy. Total 60.9% of patients used PB and 25.2% used carbamazepine. This study described the association between the adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes and severe seizure types in PWWE.
The fruits from the Arecaceae family, although being rich in bioactive compounds with potential benefits to health, have been underexplored. Studies on their composition, bioactive compounds, and ...effects of their consumption on health are also scarce. This review presents the composition of macro- and micronutrients, and bioactive compounds of fruits of the Arecaceae family such as bacaba, patawa, juçara, açaí, buriti, buritirana, and butiá. The potential use and reported effects of its consumption on health are also presented. The knowledge of these underutilized fruits is important to encourage production, commercialization, processing, and consumption. It can also stimulate their full use and improve the economy and social condition of the population where these fruits are found. Furthermore, it may help in future research on the composition, health effects, and new product development. Arecaceae fruits presented in this review are currently used as raw materials for producing beverages, candies, jams, popsicles, ice creams, energy drinks, and edible oils. The reported studies show that they are rich in phenolic compounds, carotenoids, anthocyanins, tocopherols, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids. Moreover, the consumption of these compounds has been associated with anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antiobesity, and cardioprotective effects. These fruits have potential to be used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Despite their potential, some of them, such as buritirana and butiá, have been little explored and limited research has been conducted on their composition, biological effects, and applications. Therefore, more detailed investigations on the composition and mechanism of action based on in vitro and/or in vivo studies are needed for fruits from the Arecaceae family.
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