Variceal bleeding is a major complication and the leading cause of death in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of terlipressin vs ...octreotide as an adjuvant to endoscopic management of patients with esophageal variceal bleeding in a real-time scenario. We reviewed the medical records of patients with esophageal variceal bleeding from January 2005 to December 2020 at our tertiary care Aga Khan University Hospital. Mortality was assessed after 6 weeks. A total of 842 patients with variceal bleed were evaluated. 624 patients (74.1%) and 218 patients (25.9%) received Terlipressin and Octreotide respectively. On multiple regression analysis, cardiac events during hospital stay (OR: 11.22), presence of Porto-systemic encephalopathy (OR: 3.79), and elevated bilirubin levels at the time of presentation were found to be independent risk factors for increased six weeks mortality. Moreover, cardiac events during hospital stay (OR: 3.26), Porto-systemic encephalopathy at presentation (OR: 3.06), and octreotide administration (OR: 1.80) were identified as independent risk factors for increased length of hospital stay. Terlipressin and Octreotide have similar outcomes in terms of control of bleeding, hospital stay, mortality, and side effects when used as adjuvant therapy for the management of variceal bleeding.
Summary
Due to public health hazards of subtherapeutic use of antibiotics in poultry feed, there is a need for alternatives. Moringa oleifera is a phytobiotic, which is reported to possess ...antimicrobial and immuno‐modulatory properties. This study aimed to investigate effects of M. oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) supplementation on growth performance and intestinal microarchitecture of broiler chickens. Day‐old broiler chicks (n = 100) were randomly divided into five groups with four replicates each having five birds. Birds were fed a corn‐based basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5% MOLP. Body weight and feed conversion ratio were recorded on weekly basis. On day 35, two birds per replicate were selected to collect samples of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecal tonsils and bursa of Fabricius. Tissue samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin or combined alcian blue and PAS technique. Supplementation of MOLP had no effect on feed intake, feed conversion ratio, bursa weight and intra‐epithelial lymphocytes (IEL) count. Birds fed with 1.2% MOLP had higher (p < 0.05) body weight, length and empty weight of small intestine, and weight of empty and filled ceca. Villus height (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), villus surface area (duodenum) and villus height:crypt depth (ileum) were higher (p < 0.05) in 1.2% MOLP group compared with non‐supplemented group. In duodenum, total goblet cell count was higher (p < 0.05) in all the supplemented groups when compared with non‐supplemented birds. Acidic mucin count was higher (p < 0.05) in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of 1.2% MOLP group compared with the control group. Bursal follicle count was higher (p < 0.05) in 1.2% MOLP group compared with non‐supplemented group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 1.2% MOLP modulated intestinal microarchitecture and acidic mucin production without any apparent effect on growth.
This paper deals with astrophysical accretion onto the magnetically charged Euler–Heisenberg black holes with scalar hair. We examine the accretion process of a variety of perfect fluids, including ...polytropic and isothermal fluids of the ultra-stiff, ultra-relativistic, and sub-relativistic forms, when fluid is accreting in the vicinity of the black hole. By using the Hamiltonian dynamical approach, we can find the sonic or critical points numerically for the various types of fluids that are accreting onto the black hole. Furthermore, for several types of fluids, the solution is provided in closed form, expressing phase diagram curves. We compute the mass accretion rate of a magnetically charged Euler–Heisenberg black hole with scalar hair. We observe that the maximum accretion rate is attained for small values of the black hole parameters. We may be able to understand the physical mechanism of accretion onto black holes using the outcomes of this investigation.
Rice is a widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population. Approximately 90% of the world's rice is grown in Asian continent and constitutes a staple food for 2.7 billion ...people worldwide. Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is one of the devastating diseases of rice. A field experiment was conducted during the year 2016 and 2017 to investigate the influence of different meteorological parameters on BLB development as well as the computation of a predictive model to forecast the disease well ahead of its appearance in the field. The seasonal dataset of disease incidence and environmental factors was used to assess five rice varieties/ cultivars (Basmati-2000, KSK-434, KSK-133, Super Basmati, and IRRI-9). The accumulated effect of two year environmental data; maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and rainfall, was studied and correlated with disease incidence. Average temperature (maximum & minimum) showed a negative significant correlation with BLB disease and all other variables; relative humidity, rainfall, and wind speed had a positive correlation with BLB disease development on individual varieties. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to indicate potentially useful predictor variables and to rule out incompetent parameters. Environmental data from the growing seasons of July to October 2016 and 2017 revealed that, with the exception of the lowest temperature, all environmental factors contributed to disease development throughout the cropping season. A disease prediction multiple regression model was developed based on two-year data (Y = 214.3-3.691 Max T-0.508 Min T + 0.767 RH + 2.521 RF + 5.740 WS), which explained 95% variability. This disease prediction model will not only help farmers in early detection and timely management of bacterial leaf blight disease of rice but may also help reduce input costs and improve product quality and quantity. The model will be both farmer and environmentally friendly.
The present study was aimed at elucidating the effects of supplementing mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) and probiotic mixture (PM) on growth performance, intestinal histology, and corticosterone ...concentrations in broilers kept under chronic heat stress (HS). Four hundred fifty 1-d-old chicks were divided into 5 treatment groups and fed a corn-soybean diet ad-libitum. The temperature control (CONT) group was held at the normal ambient temperature. Heat stress broilers were held at 35 ± 2°C from d 1 until the termination of the study at d 42. Heat stress groups consisted of HS-CONT fed the basal diet; HSMOS fed the basal diet containing 0.5% MOS; HS-PM fed the basal diet containing 0.1% PM; and HS-SYN (synbiotic) fed 0.5% MOS and 0.1% PM in the basal diet. Broilers were examined at d 21 and 42 for BW gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum corticosterone concentrations, and ileal microarchitecture. The results revealed that the CONT group had higher (P < 0.01) feed consumption, BW gain, and lower FCR on d 21 and 42, compared with the HS-CONT group. Among supplemented groups, the HS-MOS had higher (P < 0.05) BW gain and lower FCR compared with the HS-CONT group. On d 21 and 42, the HS-CONT group had higher (P < 0.05) serum corticosterone concentrations compared with the CONT and supplemented groups. The CONT group had higher (P < 0.05) villus height, width, surface area, and crypt depth compared with the HS-CONT group. On d 21, the HS-PM had higher (P < 0.05) villus width and surface area compared with HS-CONT group. On d 42, the HS-SYN had higher (P < 0.05) villus width and crypt depth compared with the HS-CONT group. These results showed that chronic HS reduces broiler production performance, intestinal microarchitecture, and increases adrenal hormone concentrations. Also, supplementation of the MOS prebiotic and the PM can partially lessen these changes.
The adiabatic accretion onto the charged black hole surrounded by perfect fluid radiation field (PFRF) in Rastall gravity is addressed in this manuscript. For this purpose, mass accretion rate
M
˙
, ...critical horizon radius and some other flow parameters are being determined in the presence of polytropic fluid. Overall the process is being done analytically. The location of critical points, polytropic gas compression ratios and temperature profiles are also being investigated for different versions of polytropic equation of state. We also give the comparison of the location of critical points with case of Schwarzschild black hole in which critical points lies out side the horizon. Through above scenario, it is found that charge
Q
and Rastall parameter
N
r
have deep effects on the accretion process. It is also mentioned here that under some constraints on parameters, our results reduce to Schwarzschild and charged black holes results.
In the present study, we probe the geodesic motion and accretion of particles around the spherically symmetric Dyonic ModMax black hole using isothermal fluid. The geodesic motion of the particles ...around the black hole leads to the formation of disk like structure during the accretion process. We compute the radiant temperature, radioactive efficiency, radiant flux energy, circular orbits and observe the behavior of particles within stable circular orbits in the equatorial plane. We examine how the particles are perturbed during the process by using restoring forces and the oscillatory behavior of the particles surrounding a compact object and also investigate the fluid’s critical flow and maximum accretion rate. Our findings demonstrate how the black hole parameter
γ
and charge
Q
affect the circular geodesic of particles as well as the maximum accretion rate of the Dyonic ModMax black hole.
•Removal of XOCs was higher using carbonaceous waste materials as compared to natural minerals.•Polar hydrophilic XOC showed highest removal using zeolite.•Low solubility and hydrophobic XOCs were ...best removed using coco coir.•Mixing zeolite with coco coir is recommended to remove wider range of XOCs.•Retention time of greywater in green wall should match the adsorption kinetics of XOCs.
Green walls can provide an aesthetic approach to treat domestic greywater in urban landscapes. However, the widespread adoption of green walls for greywater treatment depends on its performance to remove the emerging contaminants from greywater such as xenobiotic organic compounds (XOCs). In this study, the performance of five lightweight green wall media types (zeolite, perlite, date seeds, coffee grinds, and coco coir) was evaluated for the removal of six XOCs representing a range of hydrophilic to hydrophobic organic micropollutants in domestic greywater (acetaminophen, diethyltoluamide, bisphenol A, oxybenzone, triclosan, nonylphenol). The adsorption affinity of targeted XOCs on different green wall media types, the role of contact time on XOCs removal, and the impact of background pollutants in greywater matrix on the adsorption of XOCs were analysed. Results indicate that removal of XOCs was higher using carbonaceous waste materials (date seeds, coffee grinds, and coco coir) as compared to natural minerals (zeolite and perlite). Moreover, the adsorption of XOCs increased with the increase in pollutant hydrophobicity. All XOCs showed highest removal using coco coir with fast adsorption kinetics, achieving 90% of the removal in 30 min. The only exception was acetaminophen that showed best removal using zeolite but exhibited slow adsorption kinetics with 90% of the removal attained in 24 h. The initial adsorption kinetics (<30 min) of XOCs in greywater were adversely affected by the presence of background pollutants, indicating the need of higher residence time of greywater in green wall system for better removal of XOCs. Based on the findings of this batch study, it is recommended to design a green wall system with more than 30 min of greywater residence time using a mixture of coco coir and zeolite for effective removal of XOCs from domestic greywater.
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Quinoa performance reduces under water‐limited conditions and can be improved through exogenous application of stress signalling molecule such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This study was conducted to ...elucidate the role of H2O2 in quinoa at two water regimes maintained as full irrigated at 100% field capacity (FC~28% soil volumetric water contents; SVWC) and at 60% FC (~17% SVWC) as drought stress. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations, that is 80 mm for seed priming and 15 mm as foliar spray, were used from our preliminary experiments. Drought stress significantly reduced the plant growth, water status, photosynthetic activity and increased reactive oxygen species production (H2O2 and O2•−) resulting in higher oxidative damage in quinoa. Exogenous applied H2O2 as priming agent improved emergence attributes by earlier emergence and made quinoa more tolerant to upcoming drought stress. Nevertheless, exogenously applied H2O2 exhibited significantly higher stomatal conductance (34%), transpiration rate (39%), photosynthetic rate (42%), chlorophyll content index (36%), proline (19%) and total soluble sugar contents (14%) with respect to non‐treated plants under water‐deficit conditions. The H2O2 application regulated the Abscisic acid (ABA) concentration under both conditions and reduced it by 30% in drought‐stressed plants as compared to non‐treated stressed plants. The exogenous application also enhanced the enzymatic antioxidants activities, including SOD, POD, CAT and APX by 32%, 31%, 34% and 53%, respectively, in quinoa plants under drought stress. We conclude that exogenous applied H2O2 improved quinoa performance under drought stress is associated with higher accumulation of osmolytes, regulating ABA level and enhanced enzymatic antioxidant activities.
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