Summary
Acquired factor V inhibitor (AFVI) is an extremely rare disorder that may cause severe bleeding. To identify factors associated with bleeding risk in AFVI patients, a national, multicentre, ...retrospective study was made including all AFVI patients followed in 21 centres in France between 1988 and 2015. All patients had an isolated factor V (FV) deficiency <50% associated with inhibitor activity. Patients with constitutional FV deficiency and other causes of acquired coagulation FV deficiencies were excluded. The primary outcome was incident bleeding and factors associated with the primary outcome were identified. Thirty‐eight (74 36–100 years, 42·1% females) patients with AFVI were analysed. Bleeding was reported in 18 (47·4%) patients at diagnosis and in three (7·9%) during follow‐up (7 0·2–48.7 months). At diagnosis, FV was <10% in 31 (81·6%) patients. Bleeding at diagnosis was associated with a prolonged prothrombin time that strongly correlated with the AFVI level measured in plasma {r = 0·63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·36–0·80, P < 0·05}. Bleeding onset during follow‐up was associated with a slow AFVI clearance (P < 0·001). The corresponding receiver operating characteristics curve showed that AFVI clearance was predictive of bleeding onset with an AFVI clearance of seven months with a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 29–100) and a specificity of 86% (95% CI: 57–98, P = 0·02). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that AFVI clearance >7 months increased the risk of bleeding by 8 (95% CI: 0·67–97, P = 0·075). Prothrombin time at diagnosis and time for clearance of FV inhibitor during follow‐up are both associated with bleeding in patients with AFVI.
Precision livestock farming using omics approach to acquire precise and real-time data can help farmers in individual animal management and decision making. Since steroid hormones play a key role for ...the regulation of reproductive functions, reproduction management could be improved by characterizing the steroidome during reproductive stages. Moreover, saliva collection is a non-invasive, painless, inexpensive and easy sampling method. Thus, this prospective study proposes a steroidomic analysis in mare saliva during reproductive stages, that could help to identify potential biomarkers to accurately detect their reproductive stage in a welfare friendly production system, for real-time decision making at the individual animal level. Correlation between saliva and plasma steroidome was also investigated. Saliva and blood samples from 6 mares were collected in anestrus, in the follicular phase 3 days, 2 days and 1 day before ovulation and the day when ovulation was detected, in the luteal phase 6 days after ovulation and in gestation 18 days after ovulation and insemination. Steroidome analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). We characterized 25 and 36 steroids in saliva and plasma respectively. Pregnenolone concentrations in saliva during gestation were significantly higher than during anestrus or follicular phase and tended to be higher than during luteal phase. Most of the 5α-reduced metabolites of progesterone showed higher salivary concentrations during the luteal phase 6 days post-ovulation and during gestation 18 days post-ovulation compared to anestrus and follicular phase. These steroids could be potential salivary biomarkers of the reproductive stage of the mare. Further studies with a greater number of animals are in progress to confirm the reliability of these potential candidate biomarkers and to develop field-friendly assays.
Quelles sont les dynamiques constitutives des études urbaines en France ? Quels sont les questionnements, les approches méthodologiques et les références théoriques qui caractérisent aujourd’hui ce ...champ d’étude ? Quels en sont les angles morts ? Comment ce champ s’articule-t-il avec les débats qui animent communauté internationale, et particulièrement anglophone ? Ce numéro Hors-série, conçu pour le dixième anniversaire de la revue Métropoles, propose de revenir sur les études urbaines en France. Il ouvre également des pistes de recherche et suggère des terrains peu couverts pour qui s’intéresse aux phénomènes urbains et métropolitains. Au-delà de son propos liminaire, cette introduction présente la structuration du numéro, autour de quatre grands axes. Le premier ensemble d’articles situe la trajectoire de Métropoles au regard de l’évolution de ses ambitions et de ses contenus, ainsi que du contexte éditorial. Le deuxième rassemble des enquêtes de terrain, qui interrogent collectivement les conditions d’une critique dans les études urbaines. La troisième partie du numéro s’attache aux enjeux de la métropolisation dans des villes du Sud, en explorant des terrains peu couverts jusque-là dans la revue. Enfin, plusieurs portraits clôturent ce numéro. Ils invitent à repenser les frontières disciplinaires et les interfaces avec le monde social et politique. What are the main features of urban studies in France? Which issues, methodological approaches and theoretical approaches constitute this field of study? What are the blind spots? How does this field contribute to international debates on urban studies?This special issue, for the tenth anniversary of the journal Métropoles, takes a look back at urban studies in France. It also opens new research perspectives and suggests promising fieldwork for those interested in urban and metropolitan phenomena.This introduction also presents the structuring of this special issue around four axes. The first set of articles locates the trajectory of Métropoles with regards to the evolution of its ambitions and contents, as well as editorial context. The second set of articles brings together scientific investigations, which collectively question the conditions of criticism in urban studies. The third part focuses on the issue of metropolization in cities in the South, exploring areas that have not yet been adequately covered in the journal. Finally, several portraits close this special issue. They invite the reader to reconsider disciplinary boundaries and interfaces between social and political worlds.
Sommes-nous plutôt dans une situation de rupture dans l’action publique ou plus simplement dans une configuration aux contours beaucoup plus flous, où se mêlent inextricablement des logiques et des ...modes d’action, anciens et nouveaux ? Les recherches réunies ici s’appuient sur divers objets, situés aux différents niveaux de l’action publique, supra-national, national et infra-national. Au-delà de la diversité des thèmes (politiques culturelles, logement social, prise en charge des personnes âgées dépendantes, politique de la jeunesse, politique de la ville, tentatives de construction d’une dimension internationale du gouvernement urbain, pratiques territoriales du ministère de l’Équipement, européanisation par le bas des politiques de développement territorial, élaboration de projets de villes, réforme de la politique agricole communautaire), les contributions indiquent quelques « passages obligés » d’une lecture pertinente du changement de l’action publique : la prise en compte de l’inscription historique de l’action publique, de sa construction politique, mais aussi des processus de la mise en oeuvre, en particulier dans sa territorialisation, afin de spécifier plus précisément les dimensions du changement. Les études de terrain présentées ici convergent aussi pour nuancer les grilles de lecture des mutations des politiques publiques en France, en particulier celles qui insistent sur l’hégémonie croissante de la logique du marché et la multiplication des niveaux d’activité, du local au transnational. Elles montrent en effet que des inerties, des permanences, des continuités se mêlent aux indéniables changements à l’oeuvre. Puisque l’ancien se mêle au nouveau et que des politiques publiques apparaissent aussi comme des processus d’interactions de plus en plus complexes d’acteurs divers, à des niveaux multiples, pour des finalités et des conceptions en perpétuelle (re)négociation, un des enjeux majeurs de l’analyse des politiques publiques est, au moyen d’outils analytiques opérationnels, de traduire la pluridimensionnalité des recompositions d’une action publique hybride.
