In August-October 1979, infestations of the mosquito Aedes albopictus were discovered at a number of widely separated sites in Albania. Used tires were the principal larval habitat. The species was ...probably introduced from China in the mid-1970s. The initial infestation was probably at a rubber factory adjacent to the port of Durrës (Durazzo), from where the mosquito was shipped in tires to recapping plants in other parts of the country. This is the first recorded infestation of Ae. albopictus outside Oriental and Australasian regions.
The Munich accelerator for fission fragments MAFF Habs, D.; Groß, M.; Assmann, W. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms,
05/2003, Letnik:
204
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The Munich Accelerator for Fission Fragments MAFF has been designed for the new Munich research reactor FRM-II. It will deliver several intense beams (∼3×10
11 s
−1) of very neutron-rich fission ...fragments with a final energy of 30 keV (low-energy beam) or energies between 3.7 and 5.9 MeV·
A (high-energy beam). Such beams are of interest for the creation of super-heavy elements by fusion reactions, nuclear spectroscopy of exotic nuclei, but they also have a potential for applications, e.g. in medicine. Presently the Munich research reactor FRM-II is ready for operation, but authorities delay the final permission to turn the reactor critical probably till the end of 2002. Only after this final permission the financing of the major parts of MAFF can start. On the other hand all major components have been designed and special components have been tested in separate setups.
The first recorded outbreak of yellow fever in Kenya occurred from mid-1992 through March 1993 in the south Kerio Valley, Rift Valley Province. We conducted entomologic studies in February-March 1993 ...to identify the likely vectors and determine the potential for transmission in the surrounding rural and urban areas. Mosquitoes were collected by landing capture and processed for virus isolation. Container surveys were conducted around human habitation. Transmission was mainly in woodland of varying density, at altitudes of 1,300-1,800 m. The abundance of Aedes africanus in this biotope, and two isolations of virus from pools of this species, suggest that it was the principal vector in the main period of the outbreak. A third isolate was made from a pool of Ae. keniensis, a little-known species that was collected in the same biotope. Other known yellow fever vectors that were collected in the arid parts of the valley may have been involved at an earlier stage of the epidemic. Vervet monkeys and baboons were present in the outbreak area. Peridomestic mosquito species were absent but abundant at urban sites outside the outbreak area. The entomologic and epidemiologic evidence indicate that this was a sylvatic outbreak in which human cases were directly linked to the epizootic and were independent of other human cases. The region of the Kerio Valley is probably subject to recurrent wandering epizootics of yellow fever, although previous episodes of scattered human infection have gone unrecorded. The risk that the disease could emerge as an urban problem in Kenya should not be ignored.
Study Objective. To compare the renal, hemodynamic, and pulmonary effects of a 6‐hour infusion of furosemide versus conventional bolus administration in premature infants.
Design. Prospective, ...blinded, placebo‐controlled, randomized study.
Setting. Two level III, university‐based neonatal intensive care units.
Patients. Thirty premature infants with significant lung disease, requiring furosemide after a red cell infusion.
Interventions. Infants received furosemide 1 mg/kg over 2 minutes, followed by a 6‐hour placebo infusion, or a small loading dose of 0.1 mg/kg, followed by a slow infusion of 0.9 mg/kg over 6 hours. Serum and urine were collected to determine percentage fractional excretion of sodium (FENa).
Measurements and Main Results. Urine output and blood pressure were measured every 2 hours after furosemide administration. Percentage FENa was measured immediately before furosemide and compared with pooled urine from an 8‐hour collection after furosemide administration. Serum sodium, creatinine, and calcium were measured before and 24 hours after drug administration. Mean airway pressure and percentage inspired oxygen were compared before, 1–4 hours after, and 4–12 hours after drug administration. No significant differences were detected between the two methods of drug administration.
Conclusion. Our data suggest that a 6‐hour infusion of furosemide does not offer substantial clinical advantage over conventional bolus administration in premature infants when focusing on urine output, blood pressure, FENa, or pulmonary effect.
Detailed spectroscopic information on the N similar to 82 nuclei is necessary to benchmark shell-model calculations in the region. The nuclear structure above long-lived isomers in Xe-134 is ...investigated after multinucleon transfer (MNT) and actinide fission. Xenon-134 was populated as (i) a transfer product in Xe-136 + U-238 and Xe-136 + Pb-208 MNT reactions and (ii) as a fission product in the Xe-136 + U-238 reaction employing the high-resolution Advanced Gamma Tracking Array (AGATA). Trajectory reconstruction has been applied for the complete identification of beamlike transfer products with the magnetic spectrometer PRISMA. The Xe-136 + Pt-198 MNT reaction was studied with the gamma-ray spectrometer GAMMASPHERE in combination with the gas detector array Compact Heavy Ion Counter (CHICO). Several high-spin states in Xe-134 on top of the two long-lived isomers are discovered based on gamma gamma-coincidence relationships and information on the gamma-ray angular distributions as well as excitation energies from the total kinetic energy loss and fission fragments. The revised level scheme of Xe-134 is extended up to an
At the FRS Ion Catcher (FRS-IC), projectile and fission fragments are produced at relativistic energies, separated in-flight, energy-bunched, slowed down, and thermalized in the ultra-pure helium ...gas-filled cryogenic stopping cell (CSC). Thermalized nuclei are extracted from the CSC using a combination of DC and RF electric fields and gas flow. This CSC also serves as the prototype for the CSC of the Super-FRS, where exotic nuclei will be produced at unprecedented rates making it possible to go towards the extremes of the nuclear chart. Therefore, it is essential to efficiently extract thermalized exotic nuclei from the CSC under high beam rate conditions, in order to use the rare exotic nuclei, which come as cocktail beams. The dependence of the extraction efficiency on the intensity of the impinging beam into the CSC was studied with a primary beam of 238U and its fragments. Tests were done with two different versions of the DC electrode structure inside the cryogenic chamber, the standard 1 m long and a short 0.5 m long DC electrode systems. In contrast to the rate capability of 104 ions/s with the long DC electrode system, results show no extraction efficiency loss up to the rate of 2 × 105 ions/s with the new short DC electrode. This order of magnitude increase of the rate capability paves the way for new experiments at the FRS-IC, including studies of exotic nuclei with in-cell multi-nucleon transfer reactions. The results further validate the design concept of the CSC of the Super-FRS, which was developed to effectively manage beams of even higher intensities.
After the successful commissioning of the Radioactive beam EXperiment (REX) at ISOLDE (CERN) in 2002, first physics experiments were performed in 2003 which focussed on the neutron-rich Mg isotopes ...in the vicinity of the “island of inversion”. After introducing the REX facility and the modern
γ spectrometer MINIBALL first preliminary results will be presented showing the high potential and physics opportunities offered by this new radioactive beam facility.
The first excited 2+ states in 54,56,58Cr were populated by Coulomb excitation at relativistic energies and γ rays were measured using the RISING setup at GSI. For 56Cr and 58Cr the B(E2,21+→0+) ...values relative to the previously known B(E2) value for 54Cr are determined as 8.7(3.0) and 14.8(4.2) W.u., respectively. The results are consistent with a subshell closure at neutron number N=32 which was already indicated by the higher energy of the 21+ state in 56Cr. Recent large-scale shell model calculations using effective interactions reproduce the trend in the excitation energies, but fail to account for the minimum in the B(E2) values at N=32.
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