African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes acute hemorrhagic infectious disease in pigs. The ASFV genome encodes various proteins that enable the virus to escape innate immunity; however, the underlying ...mechanisms are poorly understood. The present study found that ASFV MGF-360-10L significantly inhibits interferon (IFN)-β-triggered STAT1/2 promoter activation and the production of downstream IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). ASFV MGF-360-10L deletion (ASFV-Δ10L) replication was impaired compared with the parental ASFV CN/GS/2018 strain, and more ISGs were induced by the ASFV-Δ10L in porcine alveolar macrophages
. We found that MGF-360-10L mainly targets JAK1 and mediates its degradation in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, MGF-360-10L also mediates the K48-linked ubiquitination of JAK1 at lysine residues 245 and 269 by recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC5 (HECT and RLD domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 5). The virulence of ASFV-Δ10L was significantly lower than that of the parental strain
, which indicates that MGF-360-10L is a novel virulence factor of ASFV. Our findings elaborate the novel mechanism of MGF-360-10L on the STAT1/2 signaling pathway, expanding our understanding of the inhibition of host innate immunity by ASFV-encoded proteins and providing novel insights that could contribute to the development of African swine fever vaccines. IMPORTANCE African swine fever outbreaks remain a concern in some areas. There is no effective drug or commercial vaccine to prevent African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection. In the present study, we found that overexpression of MGF-360-10L strongly inhibited the interferon (IFN)-β-induced STAT1/2 signaling pathway and the production of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Furthermore, we demonstrated that MGF-360-10L mediates the degradation and K48-linked ubiquitination of JAK1 by recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC5. The virulence of ASFV with MGF-360-10L deletion was significantly less than parental ASFV CN/GS/2018. Our study identified a new virulence factor and revealed a novel mechanism by which MGF-360-10L inhibits the immune response, thus providing new insights into the vaccination strategies against ASFV.
Fine root anatomy plays an important role in understanding the relationship between fine root function and soil environment. However, in different soil environments, the variation of fine root ...anatomical structure in different root sequences is not well studied. We measured the soil conditions and anatomical structure characteristics (root diameter, cortical tissue, vascular tissue and xylem) of fine roots of
Cupressus funebris
in four experimental sites, and analyzed each level of fine roots separately. We link these data to understand the relationship between fine root anatomy and soil conditions. We found that the anatomical structure of fine roots is closely related to soil environmental factors. The fine roots of lower root order are mainly affected by soil nutrients. Among them, the cortical tissue of first-order fine roots was positively correlated with potassium and phosphorus, but negatively correlated with nitrogen, while second- and third-order fine roots was positively correlated with soil total potassium and negatively correlated with nitrogen and phosphorus. For the fine roots of high root order, the cortical tissue disappeared, and the secondary vascular tissue was mainly affected by soil moisture. In addition, we also found that the division of fine root functional groups is not fixed. On the one hand, the function of third-order fine roots will slip. For example, the decrease of soil moisture will promote the transformation of third-order fine roots into transport roots, and the reduction of nitrogen will promote the transformation of third-order fine roots into absorption roots to fix nitrogen. This transformation strategy can effectively prevent the restriction of soil nutrients on plant growth. On the other hand, with the change of habitat, the first- and second-order fine roots are still the absorbing root, and the fourth- and fifth-order fine roots are still the transport root, but the efficiency of absorption and transport will be affected. In conclusion, our findings emphasize the fine roots in different soil environment to show high levels of plasticity, shows that fine root anatomical structure changes may make plants, and reveals that the fine is just order of reaction and its mechanism in the soil environment.
General practice as a discipline has largely evolved over the past 30 years in the field of primary health care. It originated in the 18th century m Europe. It was established in the United States in ...the 1960s and introduced to China in the late 1980s. In earlier times, medicine was not specialized, and general physicians dominated the medical field. At the end of the 19th century, with the development of basic medical disciplines, such as biology and anatomy, the development of more specialized medical practices began.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells. Although the exact cause of SLE has not been ...identified, it is clear that both genetics and environmental factors trigger the disease. Identical twins have a 24% chance of getting lupus disease if the other one is affected. Internal factors such as female gender and sex hormones, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus and other genetic polymorphisms have been shown to affect SLE, as well as external, environmental influences such as sunlight exposure, smoking, vitamin D deficiency, and certain infections. Several studies have reported and proposed multiple associations between the alteration of the epigenome and the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Epigenetic factors contributing to SLE include microRNAs, DNA methylation status, and the acetylation/deacetylation of histone proteins. Additionally, the acetylation of non-histone proteins can also influence cellular function. A better understanding of non-genomic factors that regulate SLE will provide insight into the mechanisms that initiate and facilitate disease and also contribute to the development of novel therapeutics that can specifically target pathogenic molecular pathways.
To evaluate Chinese parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19, identify its predictors, and provide a reference for raising the COVID-19 vaccination rate for children.
PubMed, ...Cochrane Library, Embase, and the databases in Chinese, including CNKI, WanFang, VIP, CBM, were searched from December 2019 to June 2022, and citation tracking was used to identify relevant studies. To calculate the rate with 95% confidence intervals (CI), a random-effects model was used. To explore sources of heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted. This analysis was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022346866) and reported in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines.
Overall, 80 studies were screened, and 13 studies with 47994 parents were included after removing duplicates and excluding 19 studies that did not meet the selection criteria by title, abstract and full-text screening. The pooled willingness rate of Chinese parents to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 was 70.0% (95% CI: 62.0~78.0%). Level of education, perceived susceptibility of children infected with COVID-19, and parental attitudes toward vaccination (such as perceived efficacy and safety of the COVID-19 vaccines, parental willingness to vaccinate themselves, parental vaccination hesitancy, and the history of children's vaccination against influenza) were the main predictors of parents' intention to vaccinate their children.
Chinese parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 is moderate, and factors including parental education level, perceived susceptibility of children infected with COVID-19, and parental attitudes toward vaccination affect this decision. Fully identifying these factors and their mechanism will be essential to further raise the willingness rate.
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022346866.
Due to the intricate nature of nocturnal working environments, real-time night vision images often exhibit a considerable degree of noise. This noise significantly hampers the precision of image ...processing systems responsible for recognition tasks. This study focuses on the enhancement of night vision image quality by addressing the issue of noise. Initially, we utilize the difference image method to analyze various sources of noise. Our findings unequivocally identify a mixed nature of noise, with a significant presence of Gaussian noise. Subsequently, we employ the Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithm to reduce the Gaussian noise component. To overcome the inherent limitations of the ICA algorithm, such as susceptibility to local minima entrapment and slow convergence, we apply the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to optimize the ICA. This combination results in the development of the ACO-ICA de-noising algorithm. In a series of simulation experiments, the ACO-ICA algorithm is compared with conventional median filtering and the standalone ICA approach, demonstrating that the ACO-ICA algorithm outperforms the other methods significantly. This difference is statistically significant at a significance level of 0.05, highlighting the substantial variation in de-noising effectiveness among the three approaches. In terms of visual impact, the ACO-ICA algorithm effectively reduces noise, leading to a noticeable improvement in edge delineation. Quantitative evaluation using the Relative Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (RPSNR) further validates the superiority of the ACO-ICA de-noising strategy. When compared to the original night vision image, median filtering, and ICA de-noising, the ACO-ICA denoised image demonstrates an average RPSNR increase of 20.28%, 12.25%, and 4.60%, respectively. Notably, the use of an incandescent lamp as an artificial light source yields the most favorable de-noising results.
Spontaneous plasmid transformation of Escherichia coli is independent of the DNA uptake machinery for single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) entry. The one-hit kinetic pattern of plasmid transformation ...indicates that double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) enters E. coli cells on agar plates. However, DNA uptake and transformation regulation remain unclear in this new type of plasmid transformation. In this study, we developed our previous plasmid transformation system and induced competence at early stationary phase. Despite of inoculum size, the development of competence was determined by optical cell density. DNase I interruption experiment showed that DNA was taken up exponentially within the initial 2 minutes and most transforming DNA entered E. coli cells within 10 minutes on LB-agar plates. A half-order kinetics between recipient cells and transformants was identified when cell density was high on plates. To determine whether the stationary phase master regulator RpoS plays roles in plasmid transformation, we investigated the effects of inactivating and over-expressing its encoding gene rpoS on plasmid transformation. The inactivation of rpoS systematically reduced transformation frequency, while over-expressing rpoS increased plasmid transformation. Normally, RpoS recognizes promoters by its lysine 173 (K173). We found that the K173E mutation caused RpoS unable to promote plasmid transformation, further confirming a role of RpoS in regulating plasmid transformation. In classical transformation, DNA was transferred across membranes by DNA uptake proteins and integrated by DNA processing proteins. At stationary growth phase, RpoS regulates some genes encoding membrane/periplasmic proteins and DNA processing proteins. We quantified transcription of 22 of them and found that transcription of only 4 genes (osmC, yqjC, ygiW and ugpC) encoding membrane/periplasmic proteins showed significant differential expression when wildtype RpoS and RpoS(K173E) mutant were expressed. Further investigation showed that inactivation of any one of these genes did not significantly reduce transformation, suggesting that RpoS may regulate plasmid transformation through other/multiple target genes.
Background
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common malignant tumour of the urinary tract. The major causes of poor prognosis are the lack of early diagnosis and metastasis. Accumulating ...research reveals that circular RNAs (circRNAs) can play key roles in the development and the progression of cancer. However, the role of circRNAs in ccRCC is still uncertain.
Methods
The circRNAs microarray (n = 4) was performed to investigate the circRNAs with differential expression in ccRCC tissues. The candidate circRNA was selected based on the cut‐off criteria, such as circRNA expression abundance, circRNA size and the design of divergent primers. The circ‐transportin‐3 (TNPO3) levels in ccRCC tissues were tested by quantitative real‐time (qRT)‐PCR (n = 110). The characteristics and subcellular localization of circ‐TNPO3 were identified via RNase R assay, qRT‐PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Then, we explored the biological roles of circ‐TNPO3 in ccRCC via the function experiments in vitro and in vivo. RNA pull‐down, RNA immunoprecipitation, bioinformatic analysis, RNA‐FISH assays and rescue assays were applied to validate the interactions between circ‐TNPO3, insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) and serpin family H member 1 (SERPINH1) to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms of circ‐TNPO3.
Results
We detected the obvious downregulation of circ‐TNPO3 in ccRCC compared to matched adjacent normal tissues (n = 110). The lower circ‐TNPO3 expression was found in ccRCC patients with distant metastasis, higher World Health Organization/International Society of Urologic Pathologists (WHO/ISUP) grade and more advanced tumour T stage. In vitro and in vivo, circ‐TNPO3 significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration of ccRCC cells. Mechanistically, we elucidated that circ‐TNPO3 directly bound to IGF2BP2 protein and then destabilized SERPINH1 mRNA. Moreover, IGF2BP2/SERPINH1 axis was responsible for circ‐TNPO3's function of inhibiting ccRCC metastasis. Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) was probably involved in the biogenesis of circ‐TNPO3.
Conclusions
Circ‐TNPO3 can suppress ccRCC progression and metastasis via directly binding to IGF2BP2 protein and destabilizing SERPINH1 mRNA. Circ‐TNPO3 may act as a potential target for ccRCC treatment.
Circ‐TNPO3 is significantly downregulated in ccRCC.
Circ‐TNPO3 can suppress ccRCC metastasis by directly binding to IGF2BP2 protein and destabilizing SERPINH1 mRNA, in turn, regulating the SERPINH1‐SNAIL/SLUG axis.
ESRP1 is involved in the biogenesis of circ‐TNPO3 by targeting the flanking intron.
Hypertension has been confirmed as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death. Few data were analyzed on deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by hypertension ...in East Asia. We aimed to provide an overview of burden attributable to high blood pressure in China in the past 29 years, compared with those in Japan and South Korea.
Data were collected from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study on diseases due to high systolic blood pressure (SBP). We retrieved the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and DALYs rate (ASDR) by gender, age, location, and sociodemographic index. The death and DALY trends were evaluated by estimated annual percentage change, with 95% confidence interval.
Considerable differences were detected in the diseases attributable to high SBP in China, Japan, and South Korea. In 2019, the ASMR and ASDR of diseases due to high SBP in China were 153.34 (126.19, 182.49) per 100,000 population and 2,844.27 (2,391.91, 3,321.12) per 100,000 population, respectively, which was about 3.50-fold of those in another two countries. The elders and males had higher ASMR and ASDR in the three countries. Between 1990 and 2019, the declining trends were less pronounced in China for both the deaths and DALYs.
The deaths and DALYs due to hypertension declined in China, Japan, and South Korea in the past 29 years, with China having the greatest burden.
Basing on the 1-second sounding data from L-band radar and the daily max potential surface air temperature over Beijing, the possibility of deriving the daily maximum mixing layer height (MMH) over ...Beijing region by the parcel method was studied. By comparing the inversion results of the 1-second sounding data and the conventional sounding data at local time 08:00 with the inversion results from a micro pulse lidar (MPL), it is found that the consistency between the former and the MPL results is better than the latter. The reason for the larger bias from the conventional data results may be due to their lower vertical resolution. By comparing the inversion results of the 1-second sounding data in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively with the results from the MPL, it is found that the consistency is better in spring, summer and autumn, but it is worse in winter. Long-term data results of the MMH over Beijing area from 2010 to 2017 were obtained using the 1-second sounding data at local time 08:00 and
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