•Heavy metal concentrations in household dust collected from 6 urban districts.•Health risks were evaluated for the metals combined with oral bioaccessibility.•There was negative correlation between ...the metals concentrations and floor levels.
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To investigate the characteristics of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni) in household dust in urban household environment of Chengdu, China, 90 household dust samples were collected from 6 districts of the city. The information of houses and residents were also recorded during dust sampling to identify the correlations between heavy metals in household dust and the house attributes. And also the principal component analysis and cluster analysis for sources and impactor factors. The concentrations of Pb (123mg·kg−1), Zn (675mg·kg−1), Cu (190mg·kg−1), Cr (82.7mg·kg−1), Cd (2.37mg·kg−1) and Ni (52.6mg·kg−1) in household dust are in low or moderate levels when compare with that from other counties or areas. The heavy metals of household dust samples from Chengdu is higher concentrations than that in the street dust from Chengdu, except for Cr. Statistical analysis result showed traffic sources and corrosion of alloys are important factors contributing to the rise concentrations of heavy metals in household dust. In addition, there is negative correlation (p<0.05) between the heavy metals concentrations and floor levels. The ingestion is the important pathway for Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni via household dust exposure to the residents, and the dermal contact was identified as a main route for Cr and Cd in household dust exposure to the residents. There are minor non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from the heavy metals in household dust for the residents in Chengdu.
This study focuses on the additive manufacturing technique of selective laser melting (SLM) to produce Ti-6Al-4V-Zn titanium alloy. The addition of zinc at 0.3 wt.% was investigated to improve the ...strength and ductility of SLM Ti-6Al-4V alloys. The microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed using different vacuum heat treatment processes, with the 800-4-FC specimen exhibiting the most favorable overall mechanical properties. Additionally, zinc serves as a stabilizing element for the β phase, enhancing the resistance to particle erosion and corrosion impedance of Ti-6Al-4V-Zn alloy. Furthermore, the incorporation of trace amounts of Zn imparts improved impact toughness and stabilized high-temperature tensile mechanical properties to SLM Ti-6Al-4V-Zn alloy. The data obtained serve as valuable references for the application of SLM-64Ti.
Al 6082 aluminum alloy has excellent corrosion resistance, strength, and formability. However, owing to the recrystallization effect of a hot working process, coarse grains form easily in this ...material, which reduces its strength and service life. The novel continuous casting direct rolling (CCDR) method can prevent the deterioration of this material. Thus, we used CCDR Al 6082 aluminum alloy as the research material in this study. By subjecting a CCDR Al 6082 aluminum alloy to heat treatment (T4 and T6) and cold rolling, the influence of recrystallization effect on its mechanical properties and on impact failure resistance were explored. The results demonstrated that the specimen subjected to T4 heat treatment had a higher elongation and that the specimen subjected to T6 heat treatment had a higher strength. After cold rolling, the hardness and strength of the specimens subjected to different heat treatments (coded T4R4 and T6R4) increased because of the work's hardening effect. Moreover, the elongations of both specimens decreased, but they were higher than the industrial standard (>10%). The strength of specimen T6R4 was higher (up to 400 MPa) than specimen T4R4. Moreover, relative to specimen T4R4, specimen T6R4 had greater tensile and Charpy impact failure toughness.
Adiponectin (APN), an adipose-derived adipokine, offers cardioprotective effects although the precise mechanism of action remains unclear. This study was designed to examine the role of APN in high ...fat diet-induced obesity and cardiac pathology. Adult C57BL/6 wild-type and APN knockout mice were fed a low or high fat diet for 22weeks. After 40day feeding, mice were treated with 2mg/kg rapamycin or vehicle every other day for 42days on respective fat diet. Cardiomyocyte contractile and Ca2+ transient properties were evaluated. Myocardial function was evaluated using echocardiography. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to evaluate adiposity. Energy expenditure, metabolic rate and physical activity were monitored using a metabolic cage. Lipid deposition, serum triglyceride, glucose tolerance, markers of autophagy and fatty acid metabolism including LC3, p62, Beclin-1, AMPK, mTOR, fatty acid synthase (FAS) were evaluated. High fat diet intake induced obesity, systemic glucose intolerance, cardiac hypertrophy, dampened metabolic ability, cardiac and intracellular Ca2+ derangements, the effects of which were accentuated by APN knockout. Furthermore, APN deficiency augmented high fat diet-induced upregulation in the autophagy adaptor p62 and the decline in AMPK without affecting high fat diet-induced decrease in LC3II and LC3II-to-LC3I ratio. Neither high fat diet nor APN deficiency altered Beclin-1. Interestingly, rapamycin negated high fat diet-induced/APN-deficiency-accentuated obesity, cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction as well as AMPK dephosphorylation, mTOR phosphorylation and p62 buildup. Our results collectively revealed that APN deficiency may aggravate high fat diet-induced obesity, metabolic derangement, cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction possibly through decreased myocardial autophagy.
•We examine the effect of adiponectin knockout in obesity-induced cardiomyopathy.•Adiponectin knockout accentuates obesity-induced cardiac mechanical defect.•Adiponectin deficiency suppresses autophagy to worsen cardiac anomalies in obesity.
Abstract A tandem carbonyl reduction and hydrodefluorination of β‐trifluoromethyl enones with hydrosilanes under transition‐metal‐free conditions was developed for the synthesis of a variety of ...valuable gem ‐difluorovinyl alcohols. The hydrosilane could act as both a reductive agent and a C(sp 3 )‐F bond‐breaking promoter under mild reaction conditions. Synthetically useful organofluorides, such as gem ‐fluorophosphine alkene, gem ‐difluorovinyl ketone, and fluorinated dihydrofuran derivatives could be readily constructed by further transformations of the obtained gem ‐difluorovinyl alcohols. Moreover, the method features mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity, excellent functional group tolerance, and scalability.
Currently, the primary commercial aluminum alloy fillers used are 4043 and 5356. However, when welded with high-strength work pieces like 6061 and 7075 aluminum alloys, the strength of weld beads ...significantly lags behind that of the original welded material. Both 4043 and 5356 aluminum alloys cannot be strengthened through heat treatment. The strength difference between the weld bead and base material doubles after heat treatment. In this study, an Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy (SCM) filler modified using a heat-treatable A319 aluminum alloy was employed to investigate the post-welding microstructural and mechanical properties of specimens under room- and high-temperature conditions and after prolonged exposure in a saltwater environment (3.5 wt.% NaCl). The aim was to demonstrate that commercial aluminum alloy fillers could be substituted with a high-silicon aluminum alloy boasting excellent solidification and mechanical properties. The results revealed that, after heat treatment of the weld bead, dendrites were not eliminated, but the tensile strength increased to 310 MPa, closely matching that of commercial 6061 aluminum alloy. The strength of the weld bead remained higher than 250 MPa in high-temperature (240 °C) and saltwater environments. These findings underscore the potential application of this material.
Ripk3-required necroptosis and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis are the predominant types of cell death that largely account for the development of cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Here, we ...explored the effect of Ripk3 on mitochondrial apoptosis. Compared with wild-type mice, the infarcted area in Ripk3-deficient (Ripk3-/-) mice had a relatively low abundance of apoptotic cells. Moreover, the loss of Ripk3 protected the mitochondria against IRI and inhibited caspase9 apoptotic pathways. These protective effects of Ripk3 deficiency were relied on mitophagy activation. However, inhibition of mitophagy under Ripk3 deficiency enhanced cardiomyocyte and endothelia apoptosis, augmented infarcted area and induced microvascular dysfunction. Furthermore, ischemia activated mitophagy by modifying FUNDC1 dephosphorylation, which substantively engulfed mitochondria debris and cytochrome-c, thus blocking apoptosis signal. However, reperfusion injury elevated the expression of Ripk3 which disrupted FUNDC1 activation and abated mitophagy, increasing the likelihood of apoptosis. In summary, this study confirms the promotive effect of Ripk3 on mitochondria-mediated apoptosis via inhibition of FUNDC1-dependent mitophagy in cardiac IRI. These findings provide new insight into the roles of Ripk3-related necroptosis, mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and FUNDC1-required mitophagy in cardiac IRI.
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•Cardiac IR injury augments Ripk3 expression that contributes to cardiac dysfunction and microvascular collapse.•Ripk3 activates mitochondria-dependent cellular apoptosis which is responsible for the cardiomyocyte and endothelia death.•In the ischemic phase, FUNDC1-required mitophagy has the ability to block caspase-9 related mitochondrial apoptosis pathways.•After reperfusion, Ripk3 is upregulated and impairs the FUNDC1-required mitophagy, leading to cellular apoptosis.
•The batteries in this study can be assembled in ambient air and can be packaged easily.•Powder surface area increases by activating with HCl, demonstrating high capacity.•This study synthesizes a ...unique structure Simonkolleite.•The battery exhibits excellent electrical performance and cyclic stability.
Zn solid-state batteries offer a novel and environmentally friendly energy storage solution with excellent safety features. This study explores the material characteristics and electrochemical mechanisms of the Zn anode and sodium silicate solid electrolyte powder after HCl chlorination. Results reveal the formation of Zn chloride hydroxide monohydrate (Zn5OH8Cl2⋅H2O, known as Simonkolleite) in the zinc anode post HCl treatment. The compound's layered structure enhances ion transport. The sodium silicate electrolyte exhibits increased surface area after HCl treatment. In engineering applications, a solid-state battery assembled with Simonkolleite anode, electrolyte (HB), and graphite film (GF) cathode demonstrates a high capacity (>5000 mAh/g) in the first discharging cycle and impressive stability over 30–100 cycles, highlighting its promising potential for energy storage.
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