Acute respiratory disease caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) has rapidly spread throughout China. Children and adults show a different clinical course. The purpose of the current study is ...to comparatively analyze the clinical characteristics of 2019‐nCoV infection in children and adults and to explore the possible causes for the discrepancies present. The medical records of 25 adults and 7 children confirmed cases of 2019‐2019‐nCoV acute respiratory diseases were reviewed retrospectively. All children were family clusters. The total adult patients were differentiated into the local residents of Wuhan, a history of travel to Wuhan and direct contact with people from Wuhan. The numbers were 14 (56%), 10 (40%), and 1 (4%), respectively. The median incubation period of children and adults was 5 days (ranged, 3‐12 days) and 4 days (ranged, 2‐12 days), respectively. Diarrhoea and/or vomiting (57.1%) were demic by World Health Organiza more common in children, whereas for adults it was myalgia or fatigue (52%). On admission, the percentage of children having pneumonia (5%, 71.4%) was roughly the same as adults (20%, 80%). A total of 20% of adults had leucopoenia, but leukocytosis was more frequently in children (28.6%, P=.014). A higher number of children had elevated creatine kinase isoenzyme (57.1% vs 4%, P=.004). Antiviral therapy was given to all adult patients but to none of the children. In summary, knowledge of these differences between children and adults will not only be helpful for the clinical diagnosis of 2019‐nCoV disease, but also for a future discussion on age‐specific coronavirus infection.
Highlights
The routes of infection were more diverse in adults than children.
Diarrhoea and/or vomiting were more common in children, whereas for adults it was myalgia or fatigue.
More adults had leucopoenia, but leukocytosis was more frequently in children.
A higher number of children had elevated creatine kinase isoenzyme.
The percentage of children having pneumonia was roughly the same as adults.
At present, current didactic teaching delivery method help nursing students apply theory to clinical situations in an inefficient way. The flipped classroom (FC), a novel teaching mode emphasizing ...self-study and critical thinking, has generated interest in nursing education in China. However, there are a gap in the literature and no consistent outcomes of current studies which compared FC and lecture-based learning (LBL), and no systematic review has comprehensively compared theoretical scores as an affected outcome in FC versus LBL modes. In this review, we analyze flipped-learning nursing students' scores, and aim to assess the efficacy and provide a deeper understanding of the FC in nursing education. Following the inclusion criteria, articles were obtained by searching PubMed, Embase and Chinese data, including the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and VIP database until 3 January 2020. Data were extracted from eligible articles and quality was assessed. A meta-analysis was then performed using a random effects model with a standardized mean value (SMD) and a 95% confidence interval (CI).32 studies were included after reviewing 2,439 citations. All studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The FC theoretical knowledge scores in FC were significantly positively affected compared to those of the traditional classroom (SMD = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.02-1.64; P < 0.001). In addition, 23 studies reported skill scores, indicating significant difference between the FC mode and LBL mode (SMD = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.23-1.93; P < 0.001). The results of this meta-analysis suggest that compared to the LBL teaching method, the FC mode dose significantly improve Chinese nursing students' theoretical scores. However, the problems of heterogeneity and publication bias in this study need to be remedied high-quality future studies.
Rolled‐up crystals: Photoinduced bending of large single crystals has been realized based on a simple organic small molecule (see picture). The bending process is accompanied with high visual ...fluorescence contrast, which is essential for remote detection of photomechanical work.
In this paper, we consider a large class of super-Brownian motions in
R
with spatially dependent branching mechanisms. We establish the almost sure growth rate of the mass located outside a ...time-dependent interval
(
-
δ
t
,
δ
t
)
for
δ
>
0
. The growth rate is given in terms of the principal eigenvalue
λ
1
of the Schrödinger-type operator associated with the branching mechanism. From this result, we see the existence of phase transition for the growth order at
δ
=
λ
1
/
2
. We further show that the super-Brownian motion shifted by
λ
1
/
2
t
converges in distribution to a random measure with random density mixed by a martingale limit.
Autotaxin (ATX) is considered as an interesting drug target for the therapy of several diseases. The goal of the research was to detect new ATX inhibitors which have novel scaffolds by using virtual ...screening. First, based on two diverse receptor-ligand complexes, 14 pharmacophore models were developed, and the 14 models were verified through a big test database. Those pharmacophore models were utilized to accomplish virtual screening. Next, for the purpose of predicting the probable binding poses of compounds and then carrying out further virtual screening, docking-based virtual screening was performed. Moreover, an excellent 3D QSAR model was established, and 3D QSAR-based virtual screening was applied for predicting the activity values of compounds which got through the above two-round screenings. A correlation coefficient r
, which equals 0.988, was supplied by the 3D QSAR model for the training set, and the correlation coefficient r
equaling 0.808 for the test set means that the developed 3D QSAR model is an excellent model. After the filtering was done by the combinatory virtual screening, which is based on the pharmacophore modelling, docking study, and 3D QSAR modelling, we chose nine potent inhibitors with novel scaffolds finally. Furthermore, two potent compounds have been particularly discussed.
We study the asymptotic behavior of the supremum
M
t
of the support of a supercritical super-Brownian motion. In our recent paper (Ren et al. in Stoch Proc Appl 137:1–34, 2021), we showed that, under ...some conditions,
M
t
-
m
(
t
)
converges in distribution to a randomly shifted Gumbel random variable, where
m
(
t
)
=
c
0
t
-
c
1
log
t
. In the same paper, we also studied the upper large deviation of
M
t
, i.e., the asymptotic behavior of
P
(
M
t
>
δ
c
0
t
)
for
δ
≥
1
. In this paper, we study the lower large deviation of
M
t
, i.e., the asymptotic behavior of
P
(
M
t
≤
δ
c
0
t
|
S
)
for
δ
<
1
, where
S
is the survival event.
Using one-dimensional branching Brownian motion in a periodic environment, we give probabilistic proofs of the asymptotics and uniqueness of pulsating traveling waves of the ...Fisher–Kolmogorov–Petrovskii–Piskounov (F-KPP) equation in a periodic environment. This paper is a sequel to ‘Branching Brownian motion in a periodic environment and existence of pulsating travelling waves’ (Ren et al., 2022), in which we proved the existence of the pulsating traveling waves in the supercritical and critical cases, using the limits of the additive and derivative martingales of branching Brownian motion in a periodic environment.
To gain an insight into the damage mechanism in carbon fiber reinforced polymer, a real-time analytical approach for damage mode identification of composite based on machine learning and acoustic ...emission is proposed. Firstly, waveform features are extracted from the acoustic emission signals with low information entropy through wavelet packet transform, where the high-dimensional feature vectors represent the main features of the reconstructed signals in the frequency domain. Combined with the autoencoder and k-means ++ algorithm, a waveform-based clustering model is constructed to reveal the relevance between acoustic emission signals and damage modes. Finally, the damage mode recognition of different types of composite laminates is achieved by the developed softmax layer classifier. The identification and the quantitative analysis of damage modes for prefabricated defects specimens demonstrate the robustness of the method. The method is effective and feasible for real-time monitoring of the damage evolution process of carbon fiber reinforced composite components.
Novel three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical cotton-candy-like CuO microspheres were synthesized by a facile precursor templated conversion method. The precursor was prepared by solvothermal method in ...ethylene glycol (EG) without the use of any surfactant. The possible formation mechanism of the precursor was proposed and it was found that the synthetic parameters for the precursor such as the ratio of Cu2+ to urea, the reaction temperature, and the use of EG are crucial for the formation of the cotton-candy-like CuO precursor nanostructures. The cotton-candy-like CuO obtained by calcination were used as an adsorbent for removing As(III) in water. The adsorption isotherm, adsorption kinetics, the effects of competing anions and pH, and the adsorption mechanism were also investigated.
The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus
Glomus versiforme on plant growth, osmotic adjustment and photosynthesis of tangerine (
Citrus tangerine) were studied in potted culture under ...well-watered and water stress conditions. Seven-day-old seedlings of tangerine were transferred to pots containing
Glomus versiforme or non-AMF. After 97 days, half of the seedlings were subject to water stress and the rest were well-watered for 80 days. AM colonization significantly stimulated plant growth and biomass regardless of water status. The soluble sugar of leaves and roots, the soluble starch of leaves, the total non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) of leaves and roots, and the Mg
2+ of leaves were higher in AM seedlings than those in corresponding non-AM seedlings. The levels of K
+ and Ca
2+ in leaves and roots were higher in AM seedlings than those in non-AM seedlings, but differences were only significant under water stress conditions. Moreover, AM colonization increased the distributed proportions of soluble sugar and NSC to roots. However, the proline was lower in AM seedlings compared with that in non-AM seedlings. AM seedlings had higher leaf water potential (
Ψ), transpiration rates (
E), photosynthetic rates (Pn), stomatal conductance (
g
s
), relative water content (RWC), and lower leaf temperature (Lt) than corresponding non-AM seedlings. This research also suggested that AM colonization improved the osmotic adjustment originating not from proline but from NSC, K
+, Ca
2+ and Mg
2+, resulting in the enhancement of drought tolerance.
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