24-hour movement behaviors, including moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time (ST), and sleep duration, have important implications for health across the lifespan. However, no ...studies exist that have examined the integration of these 24-hour movement behaviors in Latin America. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guideline recommendations and sociodemographic correlates of meeting the guidelines in adults from eight Latin American countries.
This was a multi-national cross-sectional study of 2338 adults aged 18 to 64 years from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health. MVPA and ST data were collected using accelerometers. Sleep duration was self-reported using a daily log. Socio-demographic correlates included sex, age, education level, and marital status. Meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines was defined as: ≥150 min/week of MVPA; ≤8 h/day of ST; and between 7 and 9 h/day of sleep. Logistic regression models were estimated on pooled data.
The prevalence of adults who met the MVPA, ST, sleep duration, and integrated recommendations was 48.3, 22.0, 19.4, and 1.6%, respectively. Overall, being a woman (OR: 0.72; 95%CI: 0.55,0.93) and having a middle (0.63; 0.47,0.85) or high education level (0.31; 0.17,0.56) was associated with lower odds of meeting all three of the 24-hour movement guideline recommendations. Being married (1.70; 1.25,2.29) was associated with greater odds of meeting all three recommendations. Being a woman (0.46; 0.39,0.55), aged 50-64 years (0.77; 0.60,0.97), and married (0.79; 0.65,0.96) were associated with lower odds of meeting the MVPA recommendation. Having a middle (0.64; 0.50,0.80) or high (0.36; 0.23,0.55) education level was associated with lower odds and being married (1.86; 1.46,2.36) was associated with greater odds of meeting the ST recommendation. Being a woman (0.63; 0.51,0.78) was associated with lower odds; whereas being aged 50-64 years (1.40; 1.04,1.88) and having a middle education level (1.37; 1.09,1.73) were associated with greater odds of meeting the sleep duration recommendation.
Overall, the proportion of Latin American adults achieving healthy levels of 24-hour movement behaviors was low. Further efforts are needed to promote more MVPA, less ST, and sufficient sleep in Latin American adults.
Clinical Trials NCT02226627 . Retrospectively registered on August 27, 2014.
Abstract
This study aimed to compare compliance with 24-h movement guidelines across countries and examine the associations with markers of adiposity in adults from eight Latin American countries. ...The sample consisted of 2338 adults aged 18–65 years. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) data were objectively measured using accelerometers. Sleep duration was self-reported using a daily log. Body mass index and waist circumference were assessed as markers of adiposity. Meeting the 24-h movement guidelines was defined as ≥ 150 min/week of MVPA; ≤ 8 h/day of SB; and between 7 and 9 h/day of sleep. The number of guidelines being met was 0.90 (95% CI 0.86, 0.93) with higher value in men than women. We found differences between countries. Meeting two and three movement guidelines was associated with overweight/obesity (OR: 0.75, 95% CI 0.58, 0.97 and OR: 0.69, 95% CI 0.51, 0.85, respectively) and high waist circumference (OR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.56, 0.97 and OR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.62, 0.96). Meeting MVPA and SB recommendations were related to reduced adiposity markers but only in men. Future research is needed to gain insights into the directionality of the associations between 24-h movement guidelines compliance and markers of adiposity but also the mechanisms underlying explaining differences between men and women.
Several recent studies have demonstrated that virulence in Entamoeba histolytica is triggered in the presence of both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria species using in vitro and in vivo ...experimental animal models. In this study, we examined samples aspirated from abscess material obtained from patients who were clinically diagnosed with amebic liver abscess (ALA) or pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). To determine the diversity of bacterial species in the abscesses, we performed partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In addition, the E. histolytica and Entamoeba dispar species were genotyped using tRNA-linked short tandem repeats as specific molecular markers. The association between clinical data and bacterial and parasite genotypes were examined through a correspondence analysis. The results showed the presence of numerous bacterial groups. These taxonomic groups constitute common members of the gut microbiota, although all of the detected bacterial species have a close phylogenetic relationship with bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, some patients clinically diagnosed with PLA and ALA were coinfected with E. dispar or E. histolytica, which suggests that the virulence of these parasites increased in the presence of bacteria. However, no specific bacterial groups were associated with this effect. Together, our results suggest a nonspecific mechanism of virulence modulation by bacteria in Entamoeba.
In the Phillips case, the Tax Court denied business deductions a taxpayer claimed for vehicle, travel, meal, and rent expenses for his bowling activities, concluding that the taxpayer lacked a profit ...motive. The taxpayer reported no gross receipts from bowling and $28,243 in expenses on his Schedule C, Profit or Loss From Business (Sole Proprietorship). He did not carry on his activity in a businesslike manner such as by hiring a coach to improve his game, or participate in any tournaments. The taxpayer could not substantiate amounts deducted (due to not keeping records of his expenses other than bank statements) and admitted some of the expenses claimed as deductions were not related to his bowling activities.
Objective:
To screen for interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) pathogenic variants in patients clinically diagnosed with nonsyndromic cleft lip palate (NSCL/P) and establish the proportion of ...misdiagnosed Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) cases, which could have biased previous NSCL/P case–control association studies.
Design:
Retrospective case series.
Setting:
Tertiary care children’s hospital.
Participants:
One hundred seventy-two unrelated Mexican patients with NSCL/P, 128 of whom had previously been included in a NSCL/P case–control association study.
Main Outcomes Measurements:
Sanger sequencing of the 9 IRF6 exons were performed, all variants respect with sequence reference were reported and classified for their pathogenic significance according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.
Results:
Seven percent of cases were familial. No pathogenic variant was identified in IRF6. We identified 12 previously reported benign variants; their frequencies did not significantly differ from those reported for individuals of Mexican ancestry. Three of them were uncommon intronic variants not reported in ClinVar. The rs2235371 and rs2235375 variants, which were previously analyzed in a NSCL/P case–control association study (containing 132 patients, 128 of whom were analyzed herein) did not show discordant association results comparing to the 370 controls from the previous study.
Conclusions:
The misdiagnosis of IRF6-related VWS as NSCL/P appears to be infrequent in our sample, suggesting that mutational screening of IRF6 would have a low diagnostic yield in patients with NSCL/P. The absence of IRF6 pathogenic alleles could be related to the application of an exhaustive clinical evaluation that discarded the syndromic forms and/or the low proportion of familial cases included.
Active volcanoes are among the most extreme environments on Earth. The extreme temperatures, presence of toxic heavy metals and low nutrient bioavailability favor the development of extremophiles. We ...characterized the physical–chemical parameters of and bacterial communities (T-RFLP and 16S rRNA gene libraries) inhabiting fumarole niches of the Paricutín volcano located in Michoacán (Mexico). This volcano, which surged in 1943, is one of the youngest volcanoes on Earth and the microbial diversity in this area is yet to be characterized. The sampling stations were characterized in a pH range from 5.34 to 7.89 and showed different temperatures (soil, 27–87 °C; air, 13.6–56 °C) with high concentrations of metals such as iron and arsenic. The most abundant bacterial populations, confirmed by T-RFLP and 16S rRNA gene libraries, were related to members of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria phyla including sequences associated with thermophiles and sulfate reducing bacteria. Overall, the Paricutín volcano showed low bacterial diversity and its prokaryotic diversity was characterized by the impossibility of amplifying Archaea-related sequences.
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is the most common of the generalized genetic epilepsies, with multiple causal and susceptibility genes; however, its etiopathogenesis is mainly unknown. The toxic ...effects caused by xenobiotics in cells occur during their metabolic transformation, mainly by enzymes belonging to cytochrome P450. The elimination of these compounds by transporters of the ABC type protects the central nervous system, but their accumulation causes neuronal damage, resulting in neurological diseases. The present study has sought the association between single nucleotide genetic variants of the
CYP2C9
,
CYP2C19,
and
ABCB1
genes and the development of JME in patients compared to healthy controls. The CC1236 and GG2677 genotypes of ABCB1 in women; allele G 2677, genotypes GG 2677 and CC 3435 in men; the CYP2C19*2A allele, and the CYP2C19*3G/A genotype in both sexes were found to be risk factors for JME. Furthermore, carriers of the TTGGCC genotype combination of the ABCB1 gene (1236/2677/3435) have a 10.5 times higher risk of developing JME than non-carriers. Using the STRING database, we found an interaction between the proteins encoded by these genes and other possible proteins. These findings indicate that the CYP450 system and ABC transporters could interact with other genes in the JME.
In a district court case, the taxpayer testified in a deposition that his daughter stayed with him a couple of months during the year, mostly over holidays, and that he did not have primary physical ...custody of his daughter.' The taxpayer could not prove he provided more than half of his daughter's support or other facts to support that she was his dependent. Although the first-time homebuyer tax credit has expired, cases involving it continue to be litigated. In a case decided by the Court of Federal Claims, a divorced taxpayer was denied the first-time homebuyer tax credit because his new home was purchased before his divorce decree was final. After the Supreme Court struck down Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) in Windsor, the IRS ruled that same-sex couples who are legally married under state or foreign laws are considered married for federal tax purposes, regardless of where they live.
Individual tax report Fava, Karl L; Horn, Jonathan; Moore, Daniel T ...
The Tax Adviser,
09/2013, Letnik:
44, Številka:
9
Magazine Article, Trade Publication Article
An adoption expense credit was denied to a taxpayer who filed her return using married-filing-separate status. The taxpayer claimed that the denial of the credit was unconstitutional. The Tax Court ...upheld the joint filing requirement for purposes of the adoption credit as valid under the Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution. The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 restored a limitation on itemized deductions, but with new thresholds for when the limitation applies. For 2013, the adjusted gross income (AGI) thresholds are $250,000 for single filers, $300,000 for married couples filing jointly, and $275,000 for filers using the head-of household status.
Developments in individual taxation Fava, Karl L; Horn, Jonathan; Moore, Daniel T ...
The Tax Adviser,
03/2013, Letnik:
44, Številka:
3
Magazine Article, Trade Publication Article
This article covers recent developments in individual taxation. The items are arranged in Code section order. The following sections are reviewed: 1. Sec. 1: Tax Imposed; 2. Sec. 24: Child Tax ...Credit; 3. Sec. 61: Gross Income Defined; 4. Sec. 104: compensation for Injuries or Sickness; 5. Sec. 107: Rental Value of Parsonage; 6. Sec. 108: Income From Discharge of Indebtedness; 7. Sec. 1031: Like-Kind Exchange; 8. Sec. 1033: Involuntary Conversions; 9. Sec. 3121: Employment Taxes; and 10. Sec. 6013: Joint Returns of Income Tax by Husband and Wife.
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