Mit dem Tractatus contra Graecos (1252) eines anonymen Dominikaners aus dem noch jungen Konvent von Konstantinopel steht ein kontroverstheologisches Werk im Fokus dieses Buches, dessen Besonderheit ...sich aus seiner vielfaltigen Interaktion mit zeitgenossischen Diskursen ergibt und dessen Charakter als paradigmatisch fur die ost-westliche Konfliktkonstellation des Hoch- und Spatmittelalters samt ihren Auswirkungen auf heutige wechselseitige Wahrnehmungen von Kirche(n) und theologischen Traditionen gelten kann. Kontroverstheologie ist zu einem gewissen Grad immer auch making of : Im Fall des Tractatus contra Graecos und von Werken seines theologischen Kontextes werden Bilder des jeweils Anderen bzw. des realen oder literarischen Gesprachspartners transportiert, der - wenn er den eigenen Erwartungen an den Verlauf und die Losung der Frage nach der Kircheneinheit nicht entsprach - vom Partner zum Feindbild wurde. Die Analyse dieser Bilder zeigt: Unter einer oft polemischen Textoberflache verbirgt sich bisweilen eine weit originellere Theologie, als man diesem Textgenre zutrauen wurde. Diese Theologie heraus- und in die Skizze mittelalterlicher Ekklesiologie einzuarbeiten ist das zentrale Leitmotiv dieses Buches.
Abstract Objective A large number of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients are additionally afflicted with other somatic intestinal and/or extraintestinal comorbidities. The occurrence of one or ...more comorbidities is correlated with enhanced medical help seeking, worse prognosis, and higher rates of anxiety and depression—all resulting in a reduced quality of life. The aims of this study were, firstly, to review the literature on comorbidities of IBS and to assess gastrointestinal and extraintestinal comorbidities, and, secondly, to evaluate explanatory hypotheses and possible common pathophysiological mechanisms. Methods We systematically reviewed the scientific literature in the past 25 years, as cited in MEDLINE. Results IBS patients present with a twofold increase in somatic comorbidities compared to controls, possibly caused by common pathophysiological mechanisms. Nevertheless, to date, there has been no convincing evidence for a consolidated underlying pathophysiology or somatization. Gastrointestinal disorders, such as functional dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional constipation, and anal incontinence, occur in almost half of the patients. In a broad variety of extraintestinal comorbidities, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and chronic pelvic pain are best documented and appear in up to 65%. Conclusion The knowledge and structured assessment of comorbid somatic symptoms might allow to identify subgroups of IBS patients with special characteristics and lead to adaptation of the therapeutic concept.
Mit dem Tractatus contra Graecos (1252) eines anonymen Dominikaners aus dem noch jungen Konvent von Konstantinopel steht ein kontroverstheologisches Werk im Fokus dieses Buches, dessen Besonderheit ...sich aus seiner vielfältigen Interaktion mit zeitgenössischen Diskursen ergibt und dessen Charakter als paradigmatisch für die ost-westliche Konfliktkonstellation des Hoch- und Spätmittelalters samt ihren Auswirkungen auf heutige wechselseitige Wahrnehmungen von Kirche(n) und theologischen Traditionen gelten kann. Kontroverstheologie ist zu einem gewissen Grad immer auch „making of“: Im Fall des Tractatus contra Graecos und von Werken seines theologischen Kontextes werden Bilder des jeweils Anderen bzw. des realen oder literarischen Gesprächspartners transportiert, der – wenn er den eigenen Erwartungen an den Verlauf und die Lösung der Frage nach der Kircheneinheit nicht entsprach – vom Partner zum Feindbild wurde. Die Analyse dieser Bilder zeigt: Unter einer oft polemischen Textoberfläche verbirgt sich bisweilen eine weit originellere Theologie, als man diesem Textgenre zutrauen würde. Diese Theologie heraus- und in die Skizze mittelalterlicher Ekklesiologie einzuarbeiten ist das zentrale Leitmotiv dieses Buches.
The book focuses on the “Tractatus contra Graecos” (1252) by an anonymous Dominican from the convent of Constantinople, a theological dossier outstanding with regard to its various interaction with ...contemporary Latin-Greek discourses. Polemical theology is, to a certain extent, always making of: Notions of the other church are conveyed, which - if they did not meet their own expectations of the question of church unity - turned from the partner to the enemy. The analysis of these notions shows that under an often polemical text surface there is sometimes a much more original theology than one would expect this genre of text to be, and this theology is the central leitmotif of this book, drawing out and working into the sketch of medieval ecclesiology.
Mit dem Tractatus contra Graecos (1252) eines anonymen Dominikaners aus dem Konvent von Konstantinopel steht ein kontroverstheologisches Dossier im Fokus dieses Buches, dessen Besonderheit sich aus seiner vielfältigen Interaktion mit zeitgenössischen lateinisch-griechischen Diskursen ergibt. Kontroverstheologie ist zu einem gewissen Grad immer auch making of: Es werden Bilder der jeweils anderen Kirche transportiert, die – wenn sie den eigenen Erwartungen an die Lösung der Frage nach der Kircheneinheit nicht entsprach – von der Partnerin zum Feindbild wurde. Die Analyse dieser Bilder zeigt: Unter einer oft polemischen Textoberfläche verbirgt sich bisweilen eine weit originellere Theologie, als man diesem Textgenre zutrauen würde, und diese Theologie heraus- und in die Skizze mittelalterlicher Ekklesiologie einzuarbeiten ist das zentrale Leitmotiv dieses Buches.
Studies showed that the metabolic unlike the neuroendocrine effects of ghrelin could be abrogated by co-administered unacylated ghrelin. The aim was to investigate the interaction between ghrelin and ...desacyl ghrelin administered intraperitoneally on food intake and neuronal activity (c-Fos) in the arcuate nucleus in non-fasted rats. Ghrelin (13
μg/kg) significantly increased food intake within the first 30
min post-injection. Desacyl ghrelin at 64 and 127
μg/kg injected simultaneously with ghrelin abolished the stimulatory effect of ghrelin on food intake. Desacyl ghrelin alone at both doses did not alter food intake. Both doses of desacyl ghrelin injected separately in the light phase had no effects on food intake when rats were fasted for 12
h. Ghrelin and desacyl ghrelin (64
μg/kg) injected alone increased the number of Fos positive neurons in the arcuate nucleus compared to vehicle. The effect on neuronal activity induced by ghrelin was significantly reduced when injected simultaneously with desacyl ghrelin. Double labeling revealed that nesfatin-1 immunoreactive neurons in the arcuate nucleus are activated by simultaneous injection of ghrelin and desacyl ghrelin. These results suggest that desacyl ghrelin suppresses ghrelin-induced food intake by curbing ghrelin-induced increased neuronal activity in the arcuate nucleus and recruiting nesfatin-1 immunopositive neurons.
Background In the past decade, a strong argument has been built for the role of serotonin (5HT) and the serotonin transporter (SERT) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, it is still not clear ...how SERT contributes to this clinically heterogeneous disease. The present study addressed this issue by implementing platelet (plt) markers of SERT activity in the assessment protocol. Methods Fasting blood samples of 149 (51 male/98 female) subjects with Rome II and III defined IBS subtypes, and 163 healthy control subjects (CSs; 75 male/88 female) were analyzed for platelet 5HT concentration and 5HT uptake activity maximum uptake rate (V max) and affinity constant (K m). Results Gender had a significant impact on platelet markers of SERT activity. Male IBS patients showed significantly lower median V max and K m values than the male CS (V max 1.706 vs. 2.148 nmol/10⁹ plts × min, P < 0.001; K m 346 vs. 410 nmol, P = 0.008) without any significant reduction in platelet 5HT concentration (362 vs. 394 ng/10⁹ plts). On the other hand, V max values were not different between female IBS patients and female CS (1.642 vs. 1.741 nmol/10⁹ plts × min), but platelet 5HT concentration was significantly lower in females with diarrhea-predominant IBS (363 vs. 435 ng/10⁹ plts, P < 0.05). Conclusion Although an absolute extrapolation from platelets to the gastrointestinal tissue does not appear to be justified, our findings demonstrated that the contribution of disturbed SERT activity to IBS is not uniform and is possibly gender-specific. The results suggest that an assessment of SERT function in platelets may help to elucidate the differences between IBS patients in response to drugs affecting the 5HT system.
This innovative volume spans the early modern period and ranges across literary genres, confessional divides and European borders. It brings together twenty-three scholars from thirteen different ...countries to explore the dynamic and profound ways in which polemical theology, its discourses and codes, interacted with non-theological literary genres in this era. Offering depth as well as breadth, the contributions chart a myriad of intersections between Catholic, Orthodox, Lutheran and Reformed polemics and a range of literary types composed in Latin and the vernacular across Europe. Individual essays discuss how genres such as history and poetry often represented a vehicle to promote and validate a particular confessional standpoint. Authors also address the complex relationship between humanism and polemical theology which tends to be radically oversimplified in early modern studies. A number of essays demonstrate the extent to which certain literary productions harnessed religious polemics in order to induce conversion or promote toleration, and might even engage with supranational issues, such as the divide between Eastern and Western churches. As such, this visionary book constructively bridges the world of religious controversy and the literary space.
Abstract Objectives Patients' ideas about the nature, cause, and treatment of their illnesses are part of the complex process of coping with illness. To date, limited research on subjective theories ...of illness in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been performed. The aim of the study was to investigate patients' subjective theories of illness and how these are related to clinical and psychological outcome criteria, in particular IBS symptom severity and quality of life. Methods Eighty-eight patients with IBS, as defined by Rome III criteria, were administered a battery of questionnaires to collect the following data: sociodemographic variables, subjective theories of illness (Subjektive Krankheitstheorien, Cause Questionnaire), anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), quality of life (SF-12), and IBS symptoms (Questionnaire for Gastrointestinal Symptoms). Results Almost all patients reported theories of illness reflecting their subjective causal assumptions. The most frequently mentioned causal factors were physical illness, intrapsychic factors, and stress. Patients with mainly somatic attributions had higher IBS symptoms scores ( P <.05) and reduced physical quality of life. Intrapsychic attributions were associated with reduced mental quality of life and enhanced physical quality of life ( P <.01). All correlations were independent of gender, age, and irritable bowel subgroups. Conclusions Subjective theories of illness can have significant implications for IBS symptom severity, as well as for physical and mental quality of life.
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