Objective. Through a comparative analysis of Latino and Asian American participation in the 2006 immigration rallies, this article presents a new framework for understanding differential protest ...outcomes. Methods. To understand the relative lack of Asian American participation in contrast to their Latino counterparts, I conducted in-depth interviews with community organization leaders and assessed the text of HR 4437, U.S. ethnic media, and organizational resources. Results. I find that structural disadvantages diminished prospects for Asian American activists to effectively mobilize the Asian American community. Conclusion. By conducting a systematic and multidimensional approach to understanding differential protest participation, I conclude that structural conditions significantly advantage the mobilization of certain groups over others.
In 1948, V. O. Key demonstrated how racial context influences political attitudes and behavior in the South. In more recent studies, racial linked fate and racial discrimination have been identified ...as powerful predictors of minority political behavior. What remains unexplored in the literature is whether race-based predictors such as these vary as a direct function of racial context and, as a result, increases or decreases political participation. Past research has focused on the singular effects of racial linked fate or discrimination but has yet to examine its potential interactive effects with racial context. To assess these potentially interactive effects, this article focuses on Asian Americans living within two distinct racial contexts: Hawaii and the mainland states of California, New York, and Illinois. Although there is no effect on Asian American voting behavior, results indicate significant interactive effects of race-based predictors and racial context on Asian American nonvoting participation.
This article highlights the parallels between Camara Jones’ Gardener's Tale allegory and Jesus’ Parable of the Sower to invite reflection regarding White Evangelical Christians’ approach to ...addressing institutionalized racism faced by African Americans and Blacks in the US and the church. Using an interdisciplinary lens that engages sociology, politics, history, theology and biblical exegesis, this article presents a compelling case for the church to cease the practice of compartmentalizing anti-racist movements as “political” and lead the charge through a missional goal to root out institutionalized racism both within the church and American society.
This article tests multiple hypotheses regarding participation in the 2006 immigration rallies in American cities. Specifically, the authors test whether the movement was widespread among Latinos or ...limited to Mexican immigrants, as speculated by the media, or whether group solidarity can be credited with mobilizing participation and support of Latino citizens for a largely immigrant cause. The consistent findings using both qualitative and quantitative approaches provide robust support for the conclusion that Latino support for the protests was strong across the population as a strong sense of solidarity unified the population around the immigration issue.
Social constructions are values and meanings attached to groups, and within the sphere of public policy, they are often ascribed to racial groups as a method of categorizing certain groups as ..."deserving" of policy benefits and others as "undeserving." Much of the rhetoric within debates over affirmative action policy evoke the image of Asian Americans as "model minorities" and emphasize the negative impact the policy has on Asian Americans, one of several racial minority groups it was designed to protect. This study documents and evaluates how the media's construction of Asian Americans as a model minority has evolved throughout the development of affirmative action policy. In addition to tracking the evolution of the model minority construction, this study examines alternate constructions of Asian Americans such as the "victim minority" image (victims of discrimination, social problems, and hate crimes) and the "problem minority" image (participants in crime and resistors of assimilation). Through a content analysis of articles covering Asian Americans in two major California newspapers (Los Angeles Times and San Francisco Chronicle), this study systematically examines how the construction of Asian Americans as a model, victim, or problem minority has either changed or remained stable throughout the last half-century and concludes with a discussion on potential implications for public policy, multiracial coalition building, and the future of the Asian American community.
This dissertation investigates the dimensions of Asian American racial group consciousness and evaluates the effects of consciousness on Asian American political behavior. Political scientists find a ...strong connection between racial group consciousness and political participation. Black racial group consciousness has been shown to shape political orientations and increase participation among African Americans. In contrast, the effects of group consciousness are weaker and less consistent among Asian Americans and Latinos. This raises questions about the generalizability of existing measures of racial group consciousness currently used in studies of minority political behavior. In this dissertation, I construct an alternative measure of racial group consciousness specifically tailored to reflect the unique racialization experiences of Asian Americans. As a group, Asian Americans are racially triangulated between whites and Blacks. They are socially constructed as “model minorities,” a group whose individual life chances are not influenced by race and allows them to successfully integrate into the U.S., but at the same time, they are consistently lumped together racially, as perpetual foreigners with very little distinction, even among individuals. Due to this unique position in the American racial hierarchy, it is important to develop a distinctive measure for Asian American group consciousness. Using a multi-method approach, I provide evidence demonstrating that Asian Americans exhibit strong perceptions of a shared experience related to perceived problems of racial discrimination, racial lumping (the act of disregarding differences in ethnicities of people who share the same racial background), and racial group image, and that these perceptions have political consequences. The analysis in this dissertation is based on 50 focus group interviews and responses from 815 surveys conducted with Asian American adults living in the Southern California area. Based on the analysis, I find that Asian American racial group consciousness is strong at the individual level and increases civic and political participation in organizations, voting in elections, and increasing preferences for Asian American candidates. The results of this dissertation expands knowledge of an understudied group, equipping different individuals and organizations with valuable information on how to launch more effective mobilization campaigns to encourage Asian Americans to join their ranks and support their causes.
Abstract Aim We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and grey-to-white matter (GWR) either alone or in combination in patients treated with targeted ...temperature management (TTM) after cardiac arrest (CA). Methods We conducted a retrospective single centre study of post cardiac arrest patients treated with TTM. ONSD and GWR on brain computed tomography (CT) was measured by two emergency physicians. We analysed the prognostic performance and cut offs of GWR and ONSD, singly and in combination in predicting poor neurologic outcome (CPC 3–5). Results Of the 119 patients studied, 74 patients showed poor outcome. The combination of ONSD and GWR significantly ( p = 0.002) improved prognostic performance (AUROC 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58–0.76, p < 0.001) in predicting poor neurologic outcomes rather than each ONSD (AUROC 0.59, 95% CI: 0.50–0.68, p = 0.08) or GWR (AUROC 0.65, 95% CI: 0.56–0.74, p = 0.002) alone. A combined cut off of ‘GWR and ONSD (1.16 and 4.9)’ and ‘GWR or ONSD (1.13 or 6.5)’ improved the sensitivity for predicting poor outcome while maintaining high specificity compared to GWR alone. Conclusion The combination of ONSD and GWR yielded improved prognostic value for predicting poor neurologic outcomes in post cardiac arrest patients treated with TTM.
We aimed to investigate the effect of timely antibiotic administration on outcomes in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock.
We analyzed data from a sepsis registry that included adult ...patients who initially presented to the emergency department (ED) and met criteria for severe sepsis or septic shock. Timely antibiotic use was defined as administration of a broad-spectrum antibiotic within three hours from the time of ED arrival. Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to assess associations between timely administration of antibiotics and outcomes, including hospital mortality, 48-hour change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (delta SOFA), and hospital length of stay (LOS).
A total of 591 patients were included in the study. In-hospital mortality was 16.9% for patients receiving timely antibiotics (n=377) and 22.9% for patients receiving delayed antibiotics (n=214; P=0.04). The adjusted odds ratio for in-hospital survival was 0.54 (95% confidence interval CI, 0.34 to 0.87; P=0.01) in patients who received timely antibiotics. Timely antibiotic administration was also significantly associated with higher delta SOFA (2 vs. 1) and shorter hospital LOS among survivors (11 days vs. 15 days). Multivariable linear regression analyses showed that timely antibiotic administration was significantly associated with increased delta SOFA and decreased hospital LOS.
Antibiotic administration within three hours from the time of ED arrival was significantly associated with improved outcomes, including in-hospital survival, reversal of organ failure, and shorter hospital LOS, in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock.
There is little longitudinal research that directly compares the effectiveness of Canada’s Government-Assisted Refugee (GAR) and Privately Sponsored Refugee (PSR) Programs that takes into account ...possible socio-demographic differences between them. This article reports findings from 1,921 newly arrived adult Syrian refugees in British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec. GARs and PSRs differed widely on several demographic characteristics, including length of time displaced. Furthermore, PSRs sponsored by Groups of 5 resembled GARs more than other PSR sponsorship types on many of these characteristics. PSRs also had broader social networks than GARs. Sociodemographic differences and city of residence influenced integration outcomes, emphasizing the importance of considering differences between refugee groups when comparing the impact of these programs.
Abstract Purpose Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) after cardiac arrest is not well described. Thus, we aim to study the occurrences, outcomes, and risk factors of CDI of survivors after ...out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed post-OHCA patients treated at a single center. Central diabetes insipidus was retrospectively defined by diagnostic criteria. One-month cerebral performance category (CPC) scores were collected for outcomes. Results Of the 169 patients evaluated, 36 patients (21.3%) were diagnosed with CDI. All CDI patients had a poor neurologic outcome of either CPC 4 (13.9%) or CPC 5 (86.1%), and CDI was strongly associated with mortality. Age (odds ratio OR, 0.96; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.93-0.99), respiratory arrest (OR, 6.62; 95% CI, 1.23-35.44), asphyxia (OR, 9.26; 95% CI, 2.17-34.61), and gray to white matter ratio on brain computed tomogram (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.95) were associated with the development of CDI. The onset of CDI was earlier ( P < .001) and the maximum 24-hour urine output was larger ( P = .03) in patients with worst outcomes. Conclusions All patients diagnosed with CDI had poor neurologic outcomes, and occurrence of CDI was associated with mortality. Central diabetes insipidus patients with death or brain death had earlier occurrence of CDI and more maximum urine output.
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