Biosorption of ochratoxin A (OA) onto yeast biomass appears to be a reasonably low cost decontamination method.
In vitro adsorption of OA onto three yeast industry by-products: a vinasse containing ...yeast cell walls (EX16), a purified yeast beta-glucan (BETA) and a yeast cell wall fraction (LEC) was examined at 25
°C. Seven classical adsorption models were tested to provide the best description of toxin adsorption. A comparison of these models was performed using the magnitude of the coefficient of determination
R
2 for the linear models and the value of the sum of normalised errors (SNE) for linear and non-linear models. Based on the
R
2 and the SNE values, Hill, Freundlich and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller equations produced the best models for OA biosorption onto respectively, EX16, BETA and LEC. For these best models, the values of isotherm constants were consistent when measured using both linear and non-linear calculations. The SNE calculation procedure presented in this paper in association with the linear equation analysis method is an appropriate approach for designing a better adsorption isothermal model.
This paper investigates a new test method to assess the photocatalytic activity of plasterboards coated with a TiO2 dispersion under real-world conditions. The degradation of nitrogen oxides NO (x) ...(NO and NO2) is studied and the photocatalytic efficiency under UV illumination is evaluated in a 10-m(3) room after a constant gas injection. Two ultrafine TiO2 dispersions are used: 0.85% TiO2 and 5% TiO2, and three types of gas are tested: an NO/NO2 mixture (8/8 mol-ppm), NO (45 mol-ppm) and NO2 (45 mol-ppm). The test method presented here is midway between laboratory and real-scale procedures and allows better control of the experimental parameters than a real field experiment. Testing a mixture of NO and NO2 is a way to get closer to real-world conditions as air is polluted by various gases. This study focuses on the degradation of NO and NO2 under UV illumination when two types of TiO2 dispersions are used and highlights the difference in behaviour between these two molecules in terms of photocatalytic degradation. The results show that photocatalytic activity does not appear to be efficient to degrade NO2 molecules. Another mechanism seems to be responsible for the reduction of the concentration of NO2, namely adsorption. Encouraging results are obtained with NO molecules, which can be degraded by photocatalysis. The degradation observed is even greater with the more concentrated TiO2 dispersion.
This paper investigates a new test method to assess the photocatalytic activity of plasterboards coated with a TiO
2
dispersion under real-world conditions. The degradation of nitrogen oxides NO
x
...(NO and NO
2
) is studied and the photocatalytic efficiency under UV illumination is evaluated in a 10-m
3
room after a constant gas injection. Two ultrafine TiO
2
dispersions are used: 0.85% TiO
2
and 5% TiO
2
, and three types of gas are tested: an NO/NO
2
mixture (8/8 mol-ppm), NO (45 mol-ppm) and NO
2
(45 mol-ppm). The test method presented here is midway between laboratory and real-scale procedures and allows better control of the experimental parameters than a real field experiment. Testing a mixture of NO and NO
2
is a way to get closer to real-world conditions as air is polluted by various gases. This study focuses on the degradation of NO and NO
2
under UV illumination when two types of TiO
2
dispersions are used and highlights the difference in behaviour between these two molecules in terms of photocatalytic degradation. The results show that photocatalytic activity does not appear to be efficient to degrade NO
2
molecules. Another mechanism seems to be responsible for the reduction of the concentration of NO
2
, namely adsorption. Encouraging results are obtained with NO molecules, which can be degraded by photocatalysis. The degradation observed is even greater with the more concentrated TiO
2
dispersion.
This paper investigates a new test method to assess the photocatalytic activity of plasterboards coated with a TiO2 dispersion under real-world conditions. The degradation of nitrogen oxides NO x (NO ...and NO2) is studied and the photocatalytic efficiency under UV illumination is evaluated in a 10-m3 room after a constant gas injection. Two ultrafine TiO2 dispersions are used: 0.85% TiO2 and 5% TiO2, and three types of gas are tested: an NO/NO2 mixture (8/8 mol-ppm), NO (45 mol-ppm) and NO2 (45 mol-ppm). The test method presented here is midway between laboratory and real-scale procedures and allows better control of the experimental parameters than a real field experiment. Testing a mixture of NO and NO2 is a way to get closer to real-world conditions as air is polluted by various gases. This study focuses on the degradation of NO and NO2 under UV illumination when two types of TiO2 dispersions are used and highlights the difference in behaviour between these two molecules in terms of photocatalytic degradation. The results show that photocatalytic activity does not appear to be efficient to degrade NO2 molecules. Another mechanism seems to be responsible for the reduction of the concentration of NO2, namely adsorption. Encouraging results are obtained with NO molecules, which can be degraded by photocatalysis. The degradation observed is even greater with the more concentrated TiO2 dispersion.
Ciprofloxacin, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent belonging to the fluoroquinolone family, is prescribed off-label in infants less than one year of age. Ciprofloxacin is included in the European ...Medicines Agency priority list of off-patent medicinal products requiring evaluation in neonates. This evaluation is undergoing within the TINN (Treat Infections in Neonates) FP7 EU project. As part of the TINN project, the present preclinical study was designed to assess the potential adverse effects of Ciprofloxacin on neurodevelopment, liver and joints in mice. Newborn mice received subcutaneous Ciprofloxacin at 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg/day from 2 to 12 postnatal days. Peak plasma levels of Ciprofloxacin were in the range of levels measured in human neonates. We examined vital functions in vivo, including cardiorespiratory parameters and temperature, psychomotor development, exploratory behavior, arthro-, nephro- and hepato-toxic effects. We found no effect of Ciprofloxacin at 10 and 30 mg/kg/day. In contrast, administration at 100 mg/kg/day delayed weight gain, impaired cardiorespiratory and psychomotor development, caused inflammatory infiltrates in the connective tissues surrounding the knee joint, and moderately increased extramedullary hematopoiesis. The present study pleads for careful watching of cardiorespiratory and motor development in neonates treated with Ciprofloxacin, in addition to the standard surveillance of arthrotoxicity.
•We analyzed vital functions, behavior, and organ toxicity in mice treated with Ciprofloxacin from 2 to 12 days of age.•Peak plasma levels were in the range of clinical observations in neonates.•At 10 and 30 mg/kg/day, Ciprofloxacin did not affect any variables measured.•At 100 mg/kg/day, Ciprofloxacin delayed weight gain, moderately affected joints and liver development, and impaired cardiorespiratory and psychomotor development.•Results plead for careful watching of cardiorespiratory and motor development in Ciprofloxacin treated neonates, in addition to surveillance of arthrotoxicity.
In vitro biosorption of ochratoxin A (OA) onto three yeast industry products: a vinasse containing yeast cell walls (EX16), a purified yeast beta glucan (BETA) and a yeast cell wall fraction (LEC), ...has been studied as a function of the temperature. Equilibrium binding assays were performed from 4 to 37
°C. The best models for OA biosorption onto EX16, BETA and LEC were identified as respectively Hill's, Freundlich and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller models. LEC was the most effective adsorbent for OA removal in aqueous solutions. All biosorption processes were spontaneous (negative Δ
G
0) and exothermic (negative Δ
H
0). For EX16 and BETA, the favourable enthalpic contributions (negative Δ
H
0 values) to OA binding, were associated to unfavourable entropic contributions (negative Δ
S
0 values). By contrast, the entropic contribution to OA binding was favourable (positive Δ
S
0 values) in the case of LEC. The calculated values of the heat capacity (ΔCp) were close to zero, indicating the absence of a temperature dependency for Δ
H and Δ
S. The results suggest that the remarkable OA biosorption onto LEC involves both polar and non-polar non-covalent interactions and the concomitant reorganization of the water molecules of the solvent.
The use of the laser as an auxiliary tool has refined the traditional technique for lipoplasty. During laser lipolysis, the interaction between the laser and the fat produced direct cellular ...destruction before the suction, reduced bleeding, and promoted skin tightening.
This study sought to perform a comparative histologic evaluation of laser lipolysis with the pulsed 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser versus a continuous 980-nm diode laser.
A pulsed 1064-nm Nd:YAG (Smart-Lipo; Deka, Italy) and a CW 980-nm diode laser (Pharaon, Osyris, France) were evaluated at different energy settings for lipolysis on the thighs of a fresh cadaver. The lasers were coupled to a 600-μm optical fiber inserted in a 1-mm diameter cannula. Biopsy specimens were taken on irradiated and non-irradiated areas. Hematoxylin-erythrosin-safran staining and immunostaining (anti-PS100 polyclonal antibody) were performed to identify fat tissue damage.
In the absence of laser exposures (control specimens), cavities created by cannulation were seen; adipocytes were round in appearance and not deflated. At low energy settings, tumescent adipocytes were observed. At higher energy settings, cytoplasmic retraction, disruption of membranes, and heat-coagulated collagen fibers were noted; coagulated blood cells were also present. For the highest energy settings, carbonization of fat tissue involving fibers and membranes was clearly seen. For equivalent energy settings, 1064-nm and 980-nm wavelengths gave similar histologic results.
Laser lipolysis is a relatively new technique that is still under development. Our histologic findings suggest several positive benefits of the laser, including skin retraction and a reduction in intraoperative bleeding. The interaction of the laser with the tissue is similar at 980 nm and 1064 nm with the same energy settings. Because higher volumes of fat are removed with higher total energy, a high-power 980-nm diode laser could offer an interesting alternative to the 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser.
This paper investigates a new test method to assess the photocatalytic activity of plasterboards coated with a TiO
dispersion under real-world conditions. The degradation of nitrogen oxides NO
(NO ...and NO
) is studied and the photocatalytic efficiency under UV illumination is evaluated in a 10-m
room after a constant gas injection. Two ultrafine TiO
dispersions are used: 0.85% TiO
and 5% TiO
, and three types of gas are tested: an NO/NO
mixture (8/8 mol-ppm), NO (45 mol-ppm) and NO
(45 mol-ppm). The test method presented here is midway between laboratory and real-scale procedures and allows better control of the experimental parameters than a real field experiment. Testing a mixture of NO and NO
is a way to get closer to real-world conditions as air is polluted by various gases. This study focuses on the degradation of NO and NO
under UV illumination when two types of TiO
dispersions are used and highlights the difference in behaviour between these two molecules in terms of photocatalytic degradation. The results show that photocatalytic activity does not appear to be efficient to degrade NO
molecules. Another mechanism seems to be responsible for the reduction of the concentration of NO
, namely adsorption. Encouraging results are obtained with NO molecules, which can be degraded by photocatalysis. The degradation observed is even greater with the more concentrated TiO
dispersion.
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