The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey Shimwell, T. W.; Hardcastle, M. J.; Tasse, C. ...
Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin),
03/2022, Letnik:
659
Journal Article
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Odprti dostop
In this data release from the ongoing LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) Two-metre Sky Survey we present 120–168 MHz images covering 27% of the northern sky. Our coverage is split into two regions centred ...at approximately 12h45m +44°30′ and 1h00m +28°00′ and spanning 4178 and 1457 square degrees respectively. The images were derived from 3451 h (7.6 PB) of LOFAR High Band Antenna data which were corrected for the direction-independent instrumental properties as well as direction-dependent ionospheric distortions during extensive, but fully automated, data processing. A catalogue of 4 396 228 radio sources is derived from our total intensity (Stokes
I
) maps, where the majority of these have never been detected at radio wavelengths before. At 6″ resolution, our full bandwidth Stokes
I
continuum maps with a central frequency of 144 MHz have: a median rms sensitivity of 83 μJy beam
−1
; a flux density scale accuracy of approximately 10%; an astrometric accuracy of 0.2″; and we estimate the point-source completeness to be 90% at a peak brightness of 0.8 mJy beam
−1
. By creating three 16 MHz bandwidth images across the band we are able to measure the in-band spectral index of many sources, albeit with an error on the derived spectral index of > ± 0.2 which is a consequence of our flux-density scale accuracy and small fractional bandwidth. Our circular polarisation (Stokes
V
) 20″ resolution 120–168 MHz continuum images have a median rms sensitivity of 95 μJy beam
−1
, and we estimate a Stokes
I
to Stokes
V
leakage of 0.056%. Our linear polarisation (Stokes
Q
and Stokes
U
) image cubes consist of 480 × 97.6 kHz wide planes and have a median rms sensitivity per plane of 10.8 mJy beam
−1
at 4′ and 2.2 mJy beam
−1
at 20″; we estimate the Stokes
I
to Stokes
Q
/
U
leakage to be approximately 0.2%. Here we characterise and publicly release our Stokes
I
,
Q
,
U
and
V
images in addition to the calibrated
uv
-data to facilitate the thorough scientific exploitation of this unique dataset.
The safety and efficacy of an attenuated G1P8 human rotavirus (HRV) vaccine were tested in a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
We studied 63,225 healthy infants from 11 Latin American ...countries and Finland who received two oral doses of either the HRV vaccine (31,673 infants) or placebo (31,552 infants) at approximately two months and four months of age. Severe gastroenteritis episodes were identified by active surveillance. The severity of disease was graded with the use of the 20-point Vesikari scale. Vaccine efficacy was evaluated in a subgroup of 20,169 infants (10,159 vaccinees and 10,010 placebo recipients).
The efficacy of the vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis and against rotavirus-associated hospitalization was 85 percent (P<0.001 for the comparison with placebo) and reached 100 percent against more severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. Hospitalization for diarrhea of any cause was reduced by 42 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 29 to 53 percent; P<0.001). During the 31-day window after each dose, six vaccine recipients and seven placebo recipients had definite intussusception (difference in risk, -0.32 per 10,000 infants; 95 percent confidence interval, -2.91 to 2.18; P=0.78).
Two oral doses of the live attenuated G1P8 HRV vaccine were highly efficacious in protecting infants against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, significantly reduced the rate of severe gastroenteritis from any cause, and were not associated with an increased risk of intussusception. (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00139347 and NCT00263666.)
To generate normative data for the Trail Making Test (TMT) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations.
The sample consisted of 3,337 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, ...Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the TMT as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. The TMT-A and TMT-B scores were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses.
The final multiple linear regression models showed main effects for age on both scores, such that as children needed less time to complete the test while they become older. TMT-A scores were affected by age2 for all countries except, Cuba, Guatemala, and Puerto. TMT-B scores were affected by age2 for all countries except, Guatemala and Puerto Rico. Models indicated that children whose parent(s) had a MLPE >12 years of education needed less time to complete the test compared to children whose parent(s) had a MLPE ≤12 years for Mexico and Paraguay in TMT-A scores; and Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, and Spain for TMT-B scores. Sex affected TMT-A scores for Chile, Cuba, Mexico, and Peru, in that boys needed less time to complete the test than girls. Sex did not affect TMT-B scores.
This is the largest Spanish-speaking pediatric normative study in the world, and it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate approach to interpret the TMT in pediatric populations.
This letter documents a search for flavour-changing neutral currents (FCNCs), which are strongly suppressed in the Standard Model, in events with a photon and a top quark with the ATLAS detector. The ...analysis uses data collected in pp collisions at s=13 TeV during Run 2 of the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1. Both FCNC top-quark production and decay are considered. The final state consists of a charged lepton, missing transverse momentum, a b-tagged jet, one high-momentum photon and possibly additional jets. A multiclass deep neural network is used to classify events either as signal in one of the two categories, FCNC production or decay, or as background. No significant excess of events over the background prediction is observed and 95% CL upper limits are placed on the strength of left- and right-handed FCNC interactions. The 95% CL bounds on the branching fractions for the FCNC top-quark decays, estimated (expected) from both top-quark production and decay, are B(t→uγ)<0.85(0.88−0.25+0.37)×10−5 and B(t→cγ)<4.2(3.40−0.95+1.35)×10−5 for a left-handed tqγ coupling, and B(t→uγ)<1.2(1.20−0.33+0.50)×10−5 and B(t→cγ)<4.5(3.70−1.03+1.47)×10−5 for a right-handed coupling.
Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.) Sprengel is a Mexican medicinal plant that is used in the folk medicine for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, hepatitis and related diseases. The purpose of ...the present study was to assess the pharmacological properties of different extracts from
Cochlospermum vitifolium bark as potential agent for the treatment of some factors related with metabolic syndrome (MS), a complex disease produced for several pathophysiological factors such as visceral fat obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia and liver steatosis. Hexane (HECv), dichloromethane (DECv) and methanol (MECv) extracts were subjected to some pharmacological assays to determine their vasorelaxant and hypoglycemic activity. On the other hand, MECv was also evaluated to determine its hepatoprotective effect on sub-chronic experimental assay. HECv showed a significant endothelium-independent relaxation on rat aorta rings (intact endothelium: IC
50
=
14.42
±
5.90
μg/mL,
E
max
=
92.71
±
8.9%; denuded endothelium: IC
50
=
27.94
±
4.0
μg/mL,
E
max
=
78.68
±
4.6%) and MECv produced an endothelium-dependent relaxation (IC
50
=
21.94
±
6.87
μg/mL,
E
max
=
79.12
±
7.80%) on this tissue. Furthermore, HECv (at a dose of 120
mg/kg) also showed a significant decrease of blood glucose levels (
p
<
0.05) on normoglycemic rats. Moreover, MECv (at a dose of 100
mg/kg) also was administered to bile duct-obstructed rats to determine its hepatoprotective activity, showing a statistically significant decrease of serum glutamic–pyruvic transaminase (PGT, 45%) and alkaline phosphatase (APh, 15%) (
p
<
0.05). Finally, we obtained a crystalline polyphenolic compound from MECv by spontaneous precipitation. Those crystals were identified as (±)-naringenin by X-ray diffraction, NMR, IR and GC–MS techniques. Results suggest that
Cochlospermum vitifolium could be used as a potential agent against MS since it shows hypoglycemic, vasorelaxant and hepatoprotective properties.
To generate normative data for the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations.
The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin ...America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the M-WCST as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. Number of categories, perseverative errors, and total error scores were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses.
The final multiple linear regression models indicated main effects for age on all scores, such that the number of categories correct increased and total number of perseverative errors and total number of errors decrease linearly as a function of age. Age2 had a significant effect in Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, and Spain for numbers of categories; a significant effect for number of perseverative errors in Chile, Cuba, Mexico, and Spain; and a significant effect for number of total errors in Chile, Cuba, Peru, and Spain. Models showed an effect for MLPE in Cuba (total errors), Ecuador (categories and total errors), Mexico (all scores), Paraguay (perseverative errors and total error), and Spain (categories and total errors). Sex affected number of total errors for Ecuador.
This is the largest Spanish-speaking pediatric normative study in the world, and it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate way to interpret the M-WCST with pediatric populations.
In this work, the synthesis and characterization of molecular materials formed from K2Cu(C2O4)2, 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone and its potassium salt are reported. These complexes have been used to ...prepare thin films by vacuum thermal evaporation. The synthesized materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), fast atomic bombardment (FAB+) mass and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. Electrical transport properties were studied by dc conductivity measurements. The electrical activation energies of the complexes, which were in the range of 0.36–0.65 eV, were calculated from their Arrhenius plots. Optical absorption studies in the 100–1100 nm wavelength range at room temperature showed thin films' optical band gaps in the 2.3–3.9 eV range for direct transitions. On the other hand, strong visible photoluminescence (PL) at room temperature was noticed from the thermally-evaporated thin solid films. The PL of all investigated samples were observed with the naked eye in a bright background. The PL and absorption spectra of the investigated compounds are strongly influenced by the molecular structure and nature of the organic ligand.
► Thin films of K2Cu(C2O4)2 and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone salt were deposited. ► The thin films show electrical conductivities within the range of 10−5–10−6 S cm−1. ► The optical gaps associated to the films were determined. ► The PL spectra are influenced by the structure and nature of the organic ligand.
To generate normative data for the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations.
The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America ...(Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the ROCF as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. The ROCF copy and immediate recall (3 minutes) scores were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses.
The final multiple linear regression models showed main effect for age on copy and immediate recall scores, such that scores increased linearly as a function of age. Age2 affected ROCF copy score for all countries, except Puerto Rico; and ROCF immediate recall scores for all countries, except Chile, Guatemala, Honduras, Paraguay, and Puerto Rico. Models indicated that children whose parent(s) had a MLPE >12 years obtained higher scores compared to children whose parent(s) had a MLPE≤12 years for Chile, Puerto Rico, and Spain in the ROCF copy, and Paraguay and Spain for the ROCF immediate recall. Sex affected ROCF copy and immediate recall score for Chile and Puerto Rico with girls scoring higher than boys.
This is the largest Spanish-speaking pediatric normative study in the world, and it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate approach to interpret the ROCF Test in pediatric populations.
To generate normative data for the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations.
The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America ...(Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the SDMT as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. SDMT scores were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses.
The final multiple linear regression models showed main effects for age in all countries, such that score increased linearly as a function of age. In addition, age2 had a significant effect in all countries, except in Honduras and Puerto Rico. Models indicated that children whose parent(s) had a MLPE >12 years of education obtained higher score compared to children whose parent(s) had a MLPE ≤12 years for Chile, Guatemala, Mexico, and Spain. Sex affected SDMT score for Paraguay and Spain.
This is the largest Spanish-speaking pediatric normative study in the world, and it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate interpretation of the SDMT with pediatric populations.
To generate normative data for the Stroop Word-Color Interference test in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations.
The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America ...(Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the Stroop Word-Color Interference test as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. The Stroop Word, Stroop Color, Stroop Word-Color, and Stroop Interference scores were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses.
The final multiple linear regression models showed main effects for age on all scores, except on Stroop Interference for Guatemala, such that scores increased linearly as a function of age. Age2 affected Stroop Word scores for all countries, Stroop Color scores for Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Spain; Stroop Word-Color scores for Ecuador, Mexico, and Paraguay; and Stroop Interference scores for Cuba, Guatemala, and Spain. MLPE affected Stroop Word scores for Chile, Mexico, and Puerto Rico; Stroop Color scores for Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Spain; Stroop Word-Color scores for Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Puerto Rico and Spain; and Stroop-Interference scores for Ecuador, Mexico, and Spain. Sex affected Stroop Word scores for Spain, Stroop Color scores for Mexico, and Stroop Interference for Honduras.
This is the largest Spanish-speaking pediatric normative study in the world, and it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate approach to interpret the Stroop Word-Color Interference test in pediatric populations.
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