Higher-order plants and mammals use similar mechanisms to repair and tolerate oxidative DNA damage. Most studies on the DNA repair process have focused on yeast and mammals, in which histone ...chaperone-mediated nucleosome disassembly/reassembly is essential for DNA to be accessible to repair machinery. However, little is known about the specific role and modulation of histone chaperones in the context of DNA damage in plants. Here, the histone chaperone NRP1, which is closely related to human SET/TAF-Iβ, was found to exhibit nucleosome assembly activity in vitro and to accumulate in the chromatin of Arabidopsis thaliana after DNA breaks. In addition, this work establishes that NRP1 binds to cytochrome c, thereby preventing the former from binding to histones. Since NRP1 interacts with cytochrome c at its earmuff domain, that is, its histone-binding domain, cytochrome c thus competes with core histones and hampers the activity of NRP1 as a histone chaperone. Altogether, the results obtained indicate that the underlying molecular mechanisms in nucleosome disassembly/reassembly are highly conserved throughout evolution, as inferred from the similar inhibition of plant NRP1 and human SET/TAF-Iβ by cytochrome c during DNA damage response.
The genus Sargassum comprises both benthic and holopelagic species, serving as basibionts for numerous marine organisms, including frequent epibiotic occurrences of hydrozoans (Cnidaria). Several ...aspects of the epibiotic interaction between hydrozoans and Sargassum species remain insufficiently explored. This includes patterns such as the hydrozoan community’s composition and abundance across sections and structures of Sargassum. To address these gaps, we conducted an investigation aiming to uncover potential differences in the species composition and abundance of hydrozoan epibionts on benthic and holopelagic Sargassum species (BSS and HSS, respectively) from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans of Mexico. Additionally, we sought to characterize hydrozoan epibionts preferences for specific sections and structures of Sargassum. Our analysis identified 18 hydrozoan epibiont species on Sargassum, belonging to Leptothecata (88.9%) and anthoathecate (11.1%), with one new register for Sargassum species. Each Sargassum species harbored a distinct hydrozoan epibiont species with a marked higher mean total coverage. The total percentage coverage of hydrozoans on BSS exhibited less variability than HSS. The basal section of BSS hosted the highest number of species. Concerning Sargassum structures, a greater species richness was found on the axis and the blades. Our study also demonstrates that differences in hydrozoan species primarily depend on the geographical distribution of Sargassum species.
•Each Sargassum species exhibits one hydrozoan epibiont species with a higher mean total coverage.•The total percentage coverage of hydrozoans on benthic Sargassum species showed less variability than on holopelagic Sargassum species.•Most species were on the basal section and Sargassum's axis and blades.•Hydrozoan composition and abundance do not follow a pattern on structures and sections of Sargassum.•Hydrozoan composition and abundance depend on the geographic locality and the Sargassum species.
One of the main consequences of the advancement of harvest date associated to global climate change is that the phenolic maturity of grapes can be delayed in relation to their technological maturity. ...As a consequence, wines made from these grapes can be poor in phenolic compounds or possess an unbalanced phenolic composition, affecting their global quality. The combined post-fermentative addition of seeds and an astringency-modulator mannoprotein (MP) might be a potential strategy to solve this problem, since seeds might supply flavanols and improve wine chemical stability and the mannoprotein might modulate the changes induced in astringency by the addition of seeds and improve wine colloidal stability. The present study aimed at monitoring at different moments of winemaking and ageing the effects and side-effects of this combined strategy on the detailed flavanol, flavonol and anthocyanin compositions and on colour of wines made from Syrah grapes. Seeds were obtained from Pedro Ximénez overripe grapes. Flavanol composition and flavonol and anthocyanin compositions were determined by HPLC-MSn-MRM and HPLC-DAD-MSn analyses, respectively. Colour changes caused by these additions were studied from CIELAB parameters as well as the ability of these techniques to protect colour from bleaching agents, such as SO2. In general, the addition of seeds initially increased the levels of flavanols and anthocyanins. However, during bottle ageing a reduction in the levels of flavanols, flavonols and anthocyanins could be observed in seed treated wines, which might be related to the greater formation of flavanol aggregates associated with greater levels of flavanols. This effect was partially solved for most of the flavonoids studied with the additional MP treatment. Treated and control wines showed colour differences that were visible to human eye, although they were reduced over time. At the end of the study, treated wines showed colour parameters corresponding to younger wines than those observed in control wines. A greater resistance against SO2 bleaching was also observed in treated wines, which can be mainly associated to the greater percentages of polymeric pigments caused by seed treatment and to the improvement of the colloidal stability of SO2-resistant pigments caused by the addition of the MP.
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•The addition of seeds from overripe grapes caused changes in wine flavanol profile.•The extra supply of flavanols caused higher decreases in their levels during ageing.•Flavonols and anthocyanins were also affected by the greater flavanol levels.•Mannoproteins can partly revert these flavonoid decreases related to seed addition.•Colour of treated (seed+MP) wines was more stable and associated to younger wines.
•Study considers natural and off-vine matured seeds as sources of copigments.•Adding seeds leads to increase phenolic composition and improve wine color.•Adding overripe-seeds exerts higher quality ...and stability of color than ripe-seeds.•In addition, the improving effect of overripe seeds kept longer over the time.
The post-fermentative double addition of Pedro Ximénez cv seeds obtained from natural matured grapes (ripe seeds, RS) and postharvest sun-dried grapes (overripe seeds, OS) were studied as sustainable enological alternatives to conventional vinification (CW) to improve the stability of Syrah wines produced in a warm climate. The phenolic composition was assessed by rapid resolution liquid chromatography, copigmentation/polymerization processes by spectrophotometry, and color quality and stability by Differential Colorimetry. OSW and RSW wines enriched their total phenolic content, being the effect more pronounced with overripe seeds (by 23% versus 10%). OSW differences were found for gallic acid, monomeric flavan-3-ols, and procyanidins compared to CW, and for (+)-catechin, procyanidin B2-3-O-gallate and the tetramer to RSW. Phenolic changes were related to higher color intensity in seed-added wines. OSW having higher percentage of polymeric pigments maintained for longer time the chromatic improvement, being visually darker and more intense than final CW and RSW.
La Sagrada Familia de Max Aub Rivero, Francisco León
Hispanic review,
04/2020, Letnik:
88, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Campo cerrado ha sido tradicionalmente tildada de obra realista y éticamente comprometida, consideración acertada a juzgar por el término galería con que es caracterizada en el prólogo y en las ...páginas finales. El vocablo, no obstante, permite abrir la lectura hacia un nivel interpretativo en el cual se atienda a la dimensión arquitectónica de la novela. En el presente trabajo, contextualizo el componente arquitectónico dentro de la experiencia urbana (la ciudad de Barcelona) y lo concreto en el edificio más sobresaliente, textual y urbanísticamente hablando: la basílica de la Sagrada Familia. El análisis del edificio, por su posición en el entramado urbano y por la experiencia que suscita en el observador y protagonista (Rafael), permite obtener conclusiones que son extensibles a la novela en su conjunto y contradicen su primera caracterización como galería. En efecto, se demostrará que Campo cerrado posee una estructura espacial que se sostiene sobre un andamiaje discursivo clave para comprender el mensaje de la novela.
mRNA metabolism is tightly orchestrated by highly-regulated RNA Binding Proteins (RBPs) that determine mRNA fate, thereby influencing multiple cellular functions across biological contexts. Here, we ...review the interplay between six well-known RBPs (TTP, AUF-1, KSRP, HuR, TIA-1, and TIAR) that recognize AU-rich elements (AREs) at the 3' untranslated regions of mRNAs, namely ARE-RBPs. Examples of the links between their cross-regulations and modulation of their targets are analyzed during mRNA processing, turnover, localization, and translational control. Furthermore, ARE recognition can be self-regulated by several factors that lead to the prevalence of one RBP over another. Consequently, we examine the factors that modulate the dynamics of those protein-RNA transient interactions to better understand the final consequences of the regulation mediated by ARE-RBPs. For instance, factors controlling the RBP isoforms, their conformational state or their post-translational modifications (PTMs) can strongly determine the fate of the protein-RNA complexes. Moreover, mRNA specific sequence and secondary structure or subtle environmental changes are also key determinants to take into account. To sum up, the whole understanding of such a fine tuned regulation is a challenge for future research and requires the integration of all the available structural and functional data by
and
approaches.
RhoBTB proteins constitute a subfamily of atypical Rho GTPases represented in mammals by RhoBTB1, RhoBTB2, and RhoBTB3. Their characteristic feature is a carboxyl terminal extension that harbors two ...BTB domains capable of assembling cullin 3-dependent ubiquitin ligase complexes. The expression of all three RHOBTB genes has been found reduced or abolished in a variety of tumors. They are considered tumor suppressor genes and recent studies have strengthened their implication in tumorigenesis through regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis. RhoBTB3 is also involved in retrograde transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus. One aspect that makes RhoBTB proteins atypical among the Rho GTPases is their proposed mechanism of activation. No specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors or GTPase activating proteins are known. Instead, RhoBTB might be activated through interaction with other proteins that relieve their auto-inhibited conformation and inactivated through auto-ubiquitination and destruction in the proteasome. In this review we discuss our current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of action of RhoBTB proteins and the implications for tumorigenesis and other pathologic conditions.
The increase of temperature can cause a decoupling of sugar and anthocyanin accumulation in grapes, leading to wines poor in color. Different enological techniques are nowadays under study to ...overcome this problem. Among them, the present study has evaluated the color and pigment composition modifications caused by the addition during Syrah winemaking of either Pedro Ximénez seeds (intended to increase chemical stability) or/and two different mannoproteins (color-protective and astringency-modulator) to increase colloidal stability. Color and pigment composition modifications were assessed from CIELAB color parameters and from HPLC-DAD-MS n results before and after cold-treatment (used to force colloidal instability). The addition of both seeds and mannoproteins increased color stability against cold and, additionally, against SO2-bleaching in the case of mannoproteins. However, the initial pigment composition and color of the samples were differently affected by these additions, being clearly affected (ΔE* ab > 3) in the cases of seeds and with the astringency-modulator mannoprotein and hardly modified with the other one.
With their essential role in inner ear function, stereocilia of sensory hair cells demonstrate the importance of cellular actin protrusions. Actin packing in stereocilia is mediated by cross-linkers ...of the plastin, fascin, and espin families. Although mice lacking espin (ESPN) have no vestibular or auditory function, we found that mice that either lacked plastin 1 (PLS1) or had nonfunctional fascin 2 (FSCN2) had reduced inner ear function, with double-mutant mice most strongly affected. Targeted mass spectrometry indicated that PLS1 was the most abundant cross-linker in vestibular stereocilia and the second most abundant protein overall; ESPN only accounted for ∼15% of the total cross-linkers in bundles. Mouse utricle stereocilia lacking PLS1 were shorter and thinner than wild-type stereocilia. Surprisingly, although wild-type stereocilia had random liquid packing of their actin filaments, stereocilia lacking PLS1 had orderly hexagonal packing. Although all three cross-linkers are required for stereocilia structure and function, PLS1 biases actin toward liquid packing, which allows stereocilia to grow to a greater diameter.
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