The urban dynamics in eastern Europe after the fall of communism (seen as a consequence of the changes generated by the transition to a new ideology) have highlighted deficiencies in local public ...services, including the public transport system. To identify and illustrate the shortcomings of a public transport system from this region, we analysed the transport network of Iaşi (Romania) by taking into consideration various dimensions of efficiency. Partial indicators were used as input for a geospatial analysis and to create complex indicators, which can be used both as tools to measure the performance of a public transport network and as instruments to evaluate the local administration and decision-makers. The results highlight the performance level of the transport network analysed, revealing a core-periphery structure (in the context of a polynucleated city) resulting from relics of the communist period. A GIS analysis was used to assess the efficiency of the public transport network in order to identify and visualise strengths and weaknesses in the local transport system.
Dinamika mest v Vzhodni Evropi po padcu komunizma (kot posledica sprememb, ki jih je povzročil prehod k novi ideologiji) je razkrila pomanjkljivosti lokalnih javnih storitev, vključno z javnim ...prometnim sistemom. Za določitev in ponazoritev pomanjkljivosti tega sistema na tem območju smo analizirali prometno omrežje v romunskem mestu Iasi, pri čemer smo upoštevali različne vidike njegove učinkovitosti. Na podlagi delnih kazalnikov smo izvedli geoprostorsko analizo in oblikovali kompleksne kazalnike, ki se lahko uporabljajo kot orodja za merjenje uspešnosti javnega prometnega omrežja ter ocenjevanje lokalne uprave in odločevalcev. Rezultati kažejo raven uspešnosti analiziranega prometnega omrežja in razkrivajo, da poteka od centra proti obrobju (v policentričnem mestu), kar je ostanek komunistične dobe. Za oceno učinkovitosti javnega prometnega omrežja smo uporabili analizo GIS, s katero smo ugotovili ter prikazali prednosti in slabosti lokalnega prometnega omrežja.
The present study aims to identify inequalities concerning accessibility to urban green spaces within Iași city. In order to reach this purpose, the used methodology included walking time ...distance-based indicators, as well as demographic-load based indicators. The accessibility was assessed by means of Closest Facility and Service Area tools in ArcGIS for Desktop 10.1, while the demographic load was calculated by different specific indicators, based on the total area, pedestrian area and the number of benches for each urban green space. The results highlighted a great deficit in parks for the Iași city, as 25 % of the population is located at more than 12 minutes walking time distance from an urban green space and, at the same time, according to the calculated optimal demographic load, only 5% of the city population can be hosted by the existent parks. These mean values also contain important disparities, as the central and northern part of the city is by far more advantaged than the peripheral neighborhoods.
The quality of urban environment has increasingly been regarded as an important matter, being analysed from different points of view (quality of life, economic trends, accessibility to major ...facilities etc.). In this study case, we use Iaşi Municipality for analysing city-wide relationships betwen anthtropogenic factors (landuse, connectivity, population density, occurence of urban facilities) and natural ones (topographic features transformed into landslide susceptability). The indicators taken into consideration, appended into an factorial analyses are predictors for changing environment in a dynamic context. Connectivity is the most influent factor, having the capability to reshape the structure of density of population or occurence of facilities whence they modify the shape of the entire city. The landscape patterns of Iaşi city reveal a different image upon landuse of the city, creating an integral display upon the urban area analysed.
(1) Background: Because melanoma is an aggressive tumor with an unfavorable prognosis, we aimed to characterize the PD-L1 expression in melanomas in association with T cell infiltrates because ...PD-1/PD-L1 blockade represents the target in treating melanoma strategy. (2) Methods: The immunohistochemical manual quantitative methods of PD-L1, CD4, and CD8 TILs were performed in melanoma tumor microenvironment cells. (3) Results: Most of the PD-L1 positive, expressing tumors, have a moderate score of CD4+ TILs and CD8+TILs (5-50% of tumor area) in tumoral melanoma environment cells. The PD-L1 expression in TILs was correlated with different degrees of lymphocytic infiltration described by the Clark system (X
= 8.383,
= 0.020). PD-L1 expression was observed often in melanoma cases, with more than 2-4 mm of Breslow tumor thickness being the associated parameters (X
= 9.933,
= 0.014). (4) Conclusions: PD-L1 expression represents a predictive biomarker with very good accuracy for discriminating the presence or absence of malign tumoral melanoma cells. PD-L1 expression was an independent predictor of good prognosis in patients with melanomas.
This paper presents the implementation of an active balancing technique for the management of four Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) cells of high capacity, connected in series (4S1P), which can ...replace the classical Lead-Acid battery of a vehicle or can be used in other 12 volts applications. The use of a Battery Management System (BMS) has major advantages, preventing overcharging and discharging of cells, reducing voltage imbalances between cells, and prolonging the service life of the pack. The developed active BMS is based on a transformer with the primary winding powered from the battery pack and the secondary winding switched to the lowest charged cell using relays. The measured parameters (voltages, current, and temperature) are displayed on a LCD and transmitted through an USB interface to a computer. The measurement results show that the proposed BMS can successfully balance the battery pack at 1.3 A, and up to a voltage imbalance of 2 mV.
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