Flow cytometry is a single-cell technology that measures scatter and fluorescence to establish a set of unique cellular properties. Flow cytometry is used in many areas of science, in particular ...biotechnology and medicine, but also in industrial applications. Flow cytometry can identify multiple phenotypic subsets from a mixture, select a single cell and even isolate that cell by a process called cell sorting. The field is currently undergoing dramatic changes. We are moving rapidly from the polychromic flow cytometry that has been the go-to technology for 45 years to spectral flow cytometry, which is now the most significant change in nearly half a century of flow cytometry. With change comes opportunity. Even spectral flow cytometry will morph into second-generation spectral flow cytometry within 5 years. New, exciting features will open up molecular diagnostics and physiology to flow cytometry.
Flow cytometry, a core biotechnology, is changing rapidly. Next-generation instruments will be transformational in biomedicine. Spectral flow cytometry is the new standard, but even it will soon morph into the second generation.
•Utilizing the SDM-WHO-RNN classifier with LS-CED segmentation.•This study has proposed a new BC detection system.•Regarding a few performance metrics, the experimentation investigation is ...done.•Proposed methodologies are performed to authenticate the proposed algorithm’s efficiency.•A few advanced NNs will also focus on diverse types of cancer in the future.
Breast cancer (BC) is caused by the abnormal and rapid growth of breast cells. Accurate diagnosis of BC at an early stage could minimize the mortality related to this disease. Because of this, researchers have recently developed an automatic recognition system. However, poor image resolution, lower accuracy for deep tumors, biased nature and incapability to localize a lesion, greater rate of False Positives (FPs), and inefficiency towards the overlapped cells are the restrictions encompassed in the majority of the prevailing techniques. The main motive of this proposed work is for detecting the nuclei and classifying the tumor. Finding the nuclei's location is the main goal of the proposed endeavour. The structure of the cell is measured in relation to the nuclei. Hence, superior accuracy in complexity classification could be attained by this incentive. The input image is preprocessed and the contrast is enhanced. By utilizing Linear Scaling centered Canny Edge Detection (LS-CED), these Contrast-Enhanced Images (CEI) are further segmented into several partitions. The nuclei are sensed by utilizing a Soft Plus-Max Region-centered Fully Convolutional Network (SPM-R-FCN) from the segmented images. Then, as per the size and shape of the tumor, the Tumor Cells (TCs) are gauged and classified by utilizing the adaptive threshold function. After that, the most momentous and needed features are extorted as of the gauged TCs. This Extracted Feature (EF) is inputted into the SDM-WHO-RNN classifier that classifies cancer as benign, malignant, and normal. Simulation results demonstrated that the SDM-WHO-RNN approach acquires perfect outcomes as of the experiment and accomplishes 97.9% accuracy.
Russian Conservatism examines the history of Russian conservative thought from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the present. Robinson charts the contributions made by philosophers, ...politicians, and others during the Imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet periods. Looking at cultural, political, and social-economic conservatism in Russia, Russian Conservatism demonstrates that such ideas are helpful in interpreting Russia's present as well as its past and will be influential in shaping Russia's future, for better or for worse, in the years to come.
Paul Robinson's Russian Conservatism examines the history of Russian conservative thought from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the present. As he shows, conservatism has made an ...underappreciated contribution to Russian national identity, to the ideology of Russian statehood, and to Russia's social-economic development. Robinson charts the contributions made by philosophers, politicians, and others during the Imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet periods. Looking at cultural, political, and social-economic conservatism in Russia, he discusses ideas and issues of more than historical interest. Indeed, whatRussian Conservatism demonstrates is that such ideas are helpful in interpreting Russia's present as well as its past and will be influential in shaping Russia's future, for better or for worse, in the years to come.
For the past two centuries Russian conservatives have sought to adapt to the pressures of modernization and westernization and, more recently, globalization, while preserving national identity and political and social stability. Through Robinson's research we can now understand how Russian conservatives have continually proposed forms of cultural, political, and economic development seen as building on existing traditions, identity, forms of government, and economic and social life, rather than being imposed on the basis of abstract theory and foreign models.
Inert gas washout tests, performed using the single- or multiple-breath washout technique, were first described over 60 years ago. As measures of ventilation distribution inhomogeneity, they offer ...complementary information to standard lung function tests, such as spirometry, as well as improved feasibility across wider age ranges and improved sensitivity in the detection of early lung damage. These benefits have led to a resurgence of interest in these techniques from manufacturers, clinicians and researchers, yet detailed guidelines for washout equipment specifications, test performance and analysis are lacking. This manuscript provides recommendations about these aspects, applicable to both the paediatric and adult testing environment, whilst outlining the important principles that are essential for the reader to understand. These recommendations are evidence based, where possible, but in many places represent expert opinion from a working group with a large collective experience in the techniques discussed. Finally, the important issues that remain unanswered are highlighted. By addressing these important issues and directing future research, the hope is to facilitate the incorporation of these promising tests into routine clinical practice.
Spectral flow cytometry has emerged as a significant player in the cytometry marketplace, with the potential for rapid growth. Despite a slow start, the technology has made significant strides in ...advancing various areas of single-cell analysis utilized by the scientific community. The integration of spectral cytometry into clinical laboratories and diagnostic processes is currently underway and is expected to garner a significant level of widespread acceptance in the near future. However, incorporating a new methodological approach into existing research programs can lead to misunderstandings or even misuse. This chapter offers an introductory yet comprehensive explanation of the scientific principles that form the foundation of spectral cytometry. Specifically, it delves into the unmixing processes that are utilized for data analysis. This overview is designed for those who are new to the field and seeking an informative guide to this exciting emerging technology.
Optical phase change materials (O-PCMs), a unique group of materials featuring exceptional optical property contrast upon a solid-state phase transition, have found widespread adoption in photonic ...applications such as switches, routers and reconfigurable meta-optics. Current O-PCMs, such as Ge-Sb-Te (GST), exhibit large contrast of both refractive index (Δn) and optical loss (Δk), simultaneously. The coupling of both optical properties fundamentally limits the performance of many applications. Here we introduce a new class of O-PCMs based on Ge-Sb-Se-Te (GSST) which breaks this traditional coupling. The optimized alloy, Ge
Sb
Se
Te
, combines broadband transparency (1-18.5 μm), large optical contrast (Δn = 2.0), and significantly improved glass forming ability, enabling an entirely new range of infrared and thermal photonic devices. We further demonstrate nonvolatile integrated optical switches with record low loss and large contrast ratio and an electrically-addressed spatial light modulator pixel, thereby validating its promise as a material for scalable nonvolatile photonics.
Lumacaftor and ivacaftor combination treatment showed efficacy in patients aged 12 years or older with cystic fibrosis homozygous for F508del-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ...(CFTR) in placebo-controlled studies and patients aged 6-11 years with cystic fibrosis homozygous for F508del-CFTR in an open-label study. We report efficacy and safety of lumacaftor and ivacaftor in patients with cystic fibrosis aged 6-11 years homozygous for F508del-CFTR.
In this phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study, patients were enrolled at 54 hospitals and medical centres in nine countries (the USA, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Sweden, and the UK). Eligible patients weighed at least 15 kg, with a confirmed diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV
) of 70 or more, and lung clearance index
(LCI
) of 7·5 or more at screening (values less than these thresholds were permitted at day 1). All patients were tested for CFTR genotype at screening; eligible patients had to have the F508del-CFTR mutation on both alleles. Exclusion criteria included any comorbidity or laboratory abnormality that might confound the study results or pose additional risk to the patient. Patients were stratified by weight (<25 kg vs ≥25 kg) and ppFEV
severity (<90 vs ≥90) determined at the screening visit, and randomly assigned 1:1 to treatment using an interactive web response system to receive 200 mg lumacaftor and 250 mg ivacaftor every 12 hours or placebo for 24 weeks. Patients, all site personnel including the investigator and the site monitor, and the study team were blinded, with the exception of site personnel needing this information in the event of medical emergency or pregnancy and patient safety and regulatory affairs personnel to meet serious adverse event reporting requirements. The primary endpoint was the mean absolute change in LCI
from all on-treatment study visits up to and including week 24. All randomly assigned patients who were exposed to any amount of study drug, with treatment assignment as assigned were included in primary and other efficacy analyses. All patients who were exposed to any amount of study drug, with treatment assignment as treated, were included in the safety analysis. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02514473.
Between July 23, 2015, and Sept 20, 2016, a total of 206 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive lumacaftor and ivacaftor (n=104) or placebo (n=102). Two randomly assigned patients were never dosed with study drug (one in the placebo arm due to ineligibility arising from a streptococcal throat infection and one in the lumacaftor and ivacaftor arm due to withdrawal based on refusal to provide blood tests) and were not included in the analyses. 103 patients received at least one dose of lumacaftor and ivacaftor and 101 patients received at least one dose of placebo. For the primary endpoint, the average absolute change in LCI
from baseline over all study visits up to and including the week 24 visit, least squares mean difference was -1·09 units (95% CI -1·43 to -0·75, p<0·0001) for lumacaftor and ivacaftor versus placebo. For the key secondary endpoint of sweat chloride concentration, the least squares mean difference versus placebo was -20·8 mmol/L (95% CI -23·4 to -18·2, average absolute change at day 15/week 4; p<0·0001). The least squares mean difference compared with placebo in absolute change in ppFEV
from all on-treatment study visits until week 24 was 2·4 (95% CI 0·4-4·4, p=0·0182). 196 (96%) of 204 patients reported adverse events, most of which were mild (87 43%) or moderate (98 48%). Treatment was discontinued due to adverse events in three (3%) of 103 patients in the lumacaftor and ivacaftor group and two (2%) of 101 patients in the placebo group. Serious adverse events were reported in 13 (13%) of 103 patients in the lumacaftor and ivacaftor group and 11 (11%) of 101 patients in the placebo group.
Treatment with lumacaftor and ivacaftor was associated with statistically significant improvements in lung function, as measured by LCI
and ppFEV
, versus placebo in patients aged 6-11 years with cystic fibrosis homozygous for F508del-CFTR. The overall safety profile was consistent with previous phase 3 studies of lumacaftor and ivacaftor.
Vertex Pharmaceuticals.
At the dawn of the 20th century, the development of the X‐ray and new‐found visions of the interior of bodies inspired artists including Marcel Duchamp. Visual artist and architect Paul O Robinson ...explores these ‘bones and organs’ within contemporary contexts, artistically exploiting the shadowy, invisible world of interiority, visible exterior form and the uncanny correspondence between them through transformative spatial and material manifestations.
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