Maximal fat oxidation during exercise (MFO) and the intensity that elicits MFO (Fat
) seems to show a diurnal variation in men, which favours an increased performance in the afternoon than the ...morning. At present, it remains unknown whether the observed MFO and Fat
diurnal variation in men is also present in women. Therefore, the current study examined the diurnal variations of MFO and Fat
in women. Nineteen healthy women (age: 26.9 ± 8.7 years, maximum oxygen uptake: 39.8 ± 6.5 ml/kg/min) participated in the study. MFO and Fat
were determined by a graded exercise test in cycloergometer using a cross-over design performed on two separate daytime schedules, one conducted in the morning (8am-11am) and one in the afternoon (5pm-8pm). Stoichiometric equations were used to calculate fat oxidation rates. There were no significant differences between MFO-morning and MFO-afternoon (0.24 ± 0.10 vs. 0.23 ± 0.07 g/min, respectively;
= 0.681). Similarly, there was no significant differences between Fat
-morning and Fat
-afternoon (41.1 ± 4.7 vs. 42.6 ± 5.5% of maximal oxygen uptake, respectively;
= 0.305). These results persisted after controlling for fat mass percentage (all
> 0.5). In summary, the main finding of the present study was that MFO and Fat
were similar independent of the time-of-day when the exercise test is performed in healthy women. These results have important clinical implications since they suggest that, in contrast to what was found in men, MFO and Fat
show similar rates during the course of the day in women.
MFO and Fat
were similar during the afternoon and morning in young healthy women.Our results suggest that, in women, it does not matter when endurance exercise is performed in term of fat metabolism during exercise.
Time difference of arrival (TDOA) positioning methods have experienced growing importance over the last few years due to their multiple applications in local positioning systems (LPSs). While five ...sensors are needed to determine an unequivocal three-dimensional position, systems with four nodes present two different solutions that cannot be discarded according to mathematical standards. In this paper, a new methodology to solve the 3D TDOA problems in a sensor network with four beacons is proposed. A confidence interval, which is defined in this paper as a sphere, is defined to use positioning algorithms with four different nodes. It is proven that the separation between solutions in the four-beacon TDOA problem allows the transformation of the problem into an analogous one in which more receivers are implied due to the geometric properties of the intersection of hyperboloids. The achievement of the distance between solutions needs the application of genetic algorithms in order to find an optimized sensor distribution. Results show that positioning algorithms can be used 96.7% of the time with total security in cases where vehicles travel at less than 25 m/s.
Machined workpieces must satisfy quality standards such as avoid the presence of burrs in edge finishing to reduce production costs and time. In this work we consider three types of burr that are ...determined by the distribution of the edge shape on a microscopic scale: knife-type (without imperfections), saw-type (presence of small splinters that could be accepted) and burr-breakage (substantial deformation that produces unusable workpieces). The proposed method includes RUSTICO to classify automatically the edge of each piece according to its burr type. Experimental results validate its effectiveness, yielding a 91.2% F1-Score and identifying completely the burr-breakage type.
•Method for detection and classification of the ending of milling workpieces.•Use of morphological operations and RUSTICO to detect the ending of the workpiece.•Proposed method eliminates operator subjectivity and speeds up industrial validation.
Ground-level ozone is a pollutant, greenhouse gas, and respiratory irritant which may facilitate skin cancer development and be involved in cardiovascular, respiratory and a range of other diseases. ...A re-distribution in the hourly ozone concentrations has occurred in the past decades while the interest in obtaining precise methods for the prediction of ozone measures has risen. Weather conditions influence ozone levels, specifically we used maximum temperature per hour, solar radiation per hour, date and hour of the measurement in order to fit prediction models. Weather stations may provide defective data with missing values or incorrect measures which may lead to a decrease in the performance of data driven predictors. This paper proposes a new method that deals with raw data without preprocessing by weighting the effect of automatically detected outliers. The method is evaluated against other traditional outlier removal techniques for a case study in Ponferrada, Spain. Our method yielded great performance for ground-level ozone prediction in simpler and more sophisticated regression techniques, such as linear regression and multi-layer perceptron algorithms.
Whole-Body-Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) has become a new training tendency but its effect on body composition has
not been thoroughly studied in young trained population. The principal aim of this ...study was to determine the effect of
two types of WB-EMS training modalities (specific, functional and periodized for runners vs non-specific, non-functional
and non-periodized on body composition variables, as body mass index (BMI) fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM) and bone
mineral density (BMD) in recreational trained runners during endurance training cessation and to compare the effects of
two WB-EMS training modalities, functional vs non-functional on BMI, FM, FFM and BMI. 18 healthy recreational runners
(27.1 years; BMI= 23.2 Kg/m2) were randomized in three groups: (i) functional WB-EMS, (ii) non-functional WB-EMS and
(iii) control group. Body composition parameters were assessed by anthropometry and bio-impedance and the variables
measured were BMI, FM, FFM and BMD. Both WB-EMS modalities produced a significant decreases in BMI and FM
(p<0.05) and it was shown a tendency in terms of FFM improvements only in functional WB-EMS group when compared
with control group (P=0.053). No changes were observed in BMD in any cases. Therefore, 6-week-WB-EMS training program
produced significant improvements on body composition in recreational trained runners, specifically on BMI and FM.
Clinically but not significantly improvements were also observed on FFM only in functional WB-EMS group.
La electroestimulación de cuerpo completo (WB-EMS) es una metodología de entrenamiento novedosa cuyo efecto sobre
la composición corporal no ha sido estudiado en profundidad en población joven y físicamente activa. El objetivo del estudio
fue determinar el efecto de dos programas de entrenamiento con WB-EMS sobre la composición corporal, medida a
través del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), masa grasa (MG), masa libre de grasa (MLG) y densidad mineral ósea (DMO)
en corredores recreacionales entrenados durante un periodo de cese parcial en su entrenamiento convencional y comparar
el efecto de dos programas de entrenamiento con WB-EMS, funcional y periodizado para corredores vs no funcional
y no periodizado sobre el IMC, MG, MLG y DMO. Participaron un total de 18 corredores recreacionales sanos (27,1
años; IMC= 23,2 Kg/m2). Los sujetos se distribuyeron al azar en tres grupos: (i) entrenamiento WB-EMS funcional y
periodizado para corredores, (ii) entrenamiento WB-EMS no funcional y no periodizado, y (iii) grupo control. La composición
corporal se analizó por antropometría y bioimpedanciometría eléctrica determinándose el IMC, MG, MLG y DMO.
Los resultados del estudio ponen de manifiesto que el entrenamiento con WB-EMS (independientemente de la modalidad)
produjo descensos significativos en IMC y MG (P<0,05), experimentándose una tendencia en términos de mejora
de MLG sólo en el grupo WB-EMS funcional (P=0,053) al comparar con el grupo control, no observándose cambios en
DMO. Por lo tanto, podemos concluir que un programa de entrenamiento WB-EMS produce mejoras significativas en la
composición corporal en corredores recreacionales entrenados, específicamente en IMC y MG, y clínicamente relevantes
en MLG únicamente en el grupo WB-EMS funcional.
La electroestimulación de cuerpo completo (WB-EMS) es una metodología de entrenamiento novedosa cuyo efecto sobre la composición corporal no ha sido estudiado en profundidad en población joven y ...físicamente activa. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto de dos programas de entrenamiento con WB-EMS sobre la composición corporal, medida a través del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), masa grasa (MG), masa libre de grasa (MLG) y densidad mineral ósea (DMO) en corredores recreacionales entrenados durante un periodo de cese parcial en su entrenamiento convencional y comparar el efecto de dos programas de entrenamiento con WB-EMS, funcional y periodizado para corredores vs no funcional y no periodizado sobre el IMC, MG, MLG y DMO. Participaron un total de 18 corredores recreacionales sanos (27,1 años; IMC= 23,2 Kg/m2). Los sujetos se distribuyeron al azar en tres grupos: (i) entrenamiento WB-EMS funcional y periodizado para corredores, (ii) entrenamiento WB-EMS no funcional y no periodizado, y (iii) grupo control. La composición corporal se analizó por antropometría y bioimpedanciometría eléctrica determinándose el IMC, MG, MLG y DMO. Los resultados del estudio ponen de manifiesto que el entrenamiento con WB-EMS (independientemente de la modalidad) produjo descensos significativos en IMC y MG (P<0,05), experimentándose una tendencia en términos de mejora de MLG sólo en el grupo WB-EMS funcional (P=0,053) al comparar con el grupo control, no observándose cambios en DMO. Por lo tanto podemos concluir que un programa de entrenamiento WB-EMS produce mejoras significativas en la composición corporal en corredores recreacionales entrenados, específicamente en IMC y MG, y clínicamente relevantes en MLG únicamente en el grupo WB-EMS funcional. Abstract Whole-Body-Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) has become a new training tendency but its effect on body composition has not been thoroughly studied in young trained population. The principal aim of this study was to determine the effect of two types of WB-EMS training modalities (specific, functional and periodized for runners vs non-specific, non-functional and non-periodized on body composition variables, as body mass index (BMI) fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM) and bone mineral density (BMD) in recreational trained runners during endurance training cessation and to compare the effects of two WB-EMS training modalities, functional vs non-functional on BMI, FM, FFM and BMI. 18 healthy recreational runners (27.1 years; BMI= 23.2 Kg/m2) were randomized in three groups: (i) functional WB-EMS, (ii) non-functional WB-EMS and (iii) control group. Body composition parameters were assessed by anthropometry and bio-impedance and the variables measured were BMI, FM, FFM and BMD. Both WB-EMS modalities produced a significant decreases in BMI and FM (p<0.05) and it was shown a tendency in terms of FFM improvements only in functional WB-EMS group when compared with control group (P=0.053). No changes were observed in BMD in any cases. Therefore, 6-week-WB-EMS training program produced significant improvements on body composition in recreational trained runners, specifically on BMI and FM. Clinically but not significantly improvements were also observed on FFM only in functional WB-EMS group.
•HT-Ca delayed anthracnose appearance on papaya.•Mycelial growth was inhibited by HT-Ca.•HT-Ca melted the cuticular wax and covered fruit stomata.
Anthracnose is considered an important postharvest ...disease in papaya. The hydrothermal treatment (HT) and calcium chloride (Ca) have been shown to be effective to inhibit anthracnose. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the combination HT-Ca on the development of anthracnose in papaya. Fruit were inoculated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by immersion in a spore suspension and then were divided into two groups: one received a HT treatment (48°C, 20min) combined with Ca (1% w/v, 20min) and the other was used as control. Afterwards, fruit were stored during 20days at 12°C to allow the development of the fungal infection. Anthracnose incidence and severity were estimated visually while the development of the disease was analyzed by light and electron microscopy. HT-Ca reduced anthracnose incidence and severity compared with the control. Microscopy analysis showed that HT-Ca melted the epicuticular wax, which covered most of the stomata; this resulted in a lower mycelial growth in HT-Ca fruit with respect to the control samples. HT-Ca also induced the formation of round shaped vesicles, which corresponded with the greater accumulation of total phenolics observed in treated fruit. HT-Ca was effective to delay the symptoms of anthracnose up to 10days during storage of papaya at 12°C.
Defining reference intervals in experimental animal models plays a crucial role in pre-clinical studies. The hepatic parameters in healthy animals provide useful information about type and extension ...of hepatic damage. However, in the majority of the cases, to obtain them require an invasive techniques. Our study combines these determinations with dynamic functional test and imaging techniques to implement a non-invasive protocol for liver evaluation. The aim of the study was to determine reference intervals for hepatic function, perfusion and parenchyma attenuation with analytical and biochemical blood parameters, indocyanine green, ultrasound and computed tomography in six healthy SD rats.
Six males healthy SD rats were followed for 4 weeks. To determine hepatic function, perfusion and parenchyma attenuation analytical and biochemical blood parameters, indocyanine green, ultrasound and computed tomography were studied. Results were expressed as Means ± standard error of mean (SEM). The significance of differences was calculated by using student t-test, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Indocyanine green clearance 5 and 10 minutes after its injection was 80.12% and 96.59%, respectively. Approximate rate of decay during the first 5 minutes after injection was 38% per minute. Hepatic perfusion evaluation with the high-frequency ultrasound was related to cardiovascular hemodynamic and renal perfusion. Portal area, hepatic artery resistance index, hepatic artery and portal peak systolic velocity and average between hepatic artery and porta was 3.41 ± 0.62 mm2, 0.57 ± 0.04 mm2/s, 693.24±102.53 mm2/s, 150.72 ± 17.80 mm2/s and 4.82 ± 0.96 mm2/s, respectively. Heart rate, cardiac output, left renal artery diammetre and renal blood flow were 331.01 ± 22.22 bpm, 75.58 ± 8.72 mL/min, 0.88 ± 0.04 mm2 and 13.65 ± 1.95 mm2/s. CT-scan hepatic average volume for each rat were 21.08±3.32, 17.57±2.76, 14.87±2.83 and 13.67±2.45 cm3 with an average attenuation coefficient of 113.51±18.08, 129,19±7.18, 141,47±1.95 y 151,67±1.2 HU.
Indocyanine green and high-frequency ultrasound could be used in rats as a suitable marker of liver function. Computed tomography, through the study of raw data, help to characterize liver parenchyma, and could be a potential tool for early detection of liver parenchymal alterations and linear follow-up of patients. Further studies in rats with liver disease are necessary to verify the usefulness of these parameters.
PDF
