ABSTRACT
Small low-mass stars are favourable targets for the detection of rocky habitable planets. In particular, planetary systems in the solar neighbourhood are interesting and suitable for precise ...characterization. The RedDots campaigns seek to discover rocky planets orbiting nearby low-mass stars. The 2018 campaign targeted GJ 1061, which is the 20th nearest star to the Sun. For three consecutive months we obtained nightly, high-precision radial velocity measurements with the HARPS spectrograph. We analysed these data together with archival HARPS data. We report the detection of three planet candidates with periods of 3.204 ± 0.001, 6.689 ± 0.005, and 13.03 ± 0.03 d, which are close to 1:2:4 period commensurability. After several considerations related to the properties of the noise and sampling, we conclude that a fourth signal is most likely explained by stellar rotation, although it may be due to a planet. The proposed three-planet system (and the potential four-planet solution) is long-term dynamically stable. Planet–planet gravitational interactions are below our current detection threshold. The minimum masses of the three planets range from 1.4 ± 0.2 to 1.8 ± 0.3 M⊕. Planet d, with msin i = 1.64 ± 0.24 M⊕, receives a similar amount of energy as Earth receives from the Sun. Consequently it lies within the liquid-water habitable zone of the star and has a similar equilibrium temperature to Earth. GJ 1061 has very similar properties to Proxima Centauri but activity indices point to lower levels of stellar activity.
•How temperature and KOH concentration influence on the carotenoids extraction.•How different polarity solvents influence on the recovery.•To establish a standard method for all microalgae is not ...possible.
Microalgae are an interesting source of natural pigments that have valuable applications. However, further research is necessary to develop processes that allow us to achieve high levels of carotenoid recovery while avoiding degradation. This work presents a comprehensive study on the recovery of carotenoids from several microalgae genera, optimizing carotenoid extraction using alkaline saponification at various temperatures and KOH concentrations. Results show that I. galbana requires a temperature of 60 °C and <10% KOH, N. gaditana and K. veneficum require 60 °C and no saponification, P. reticulatum requires 40 °C and 10% KOH, T. suecica and H. pluvialis require 25 °C and 40% KOH while C. sp. and S. almeriensis require 80 °C and 40% KOH. The influence of the solvent on carotenoid recovery was also studied. In general terms, an ethanol:hexane:water (77:17:6 v/v/v) mixture results in good yields.
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) have fundamental roles in the ubiquitin system through their ability to specifically deconjugate ubiquitin from targeted proteins. The human genome encodes at least 98 DUBs, ...which can be grouped into 6 families, reflecting the need for specificity in their function. The activity of these enzymes affects the turnover rate, activation, recycling and localization of multiple proteins, which in turn is essential for cell homeostasis, protein stability and a wide range of signaling pathways. Consistent with this, altered DUB function has been related to several diseases, including cancer. Thus, multiple DUBs have been classified as oncogenes or tumor suppressors because of their regulatory functions on the activity of other proteins involved in tumor development. Therefore, recent studies have focused on pharmacological intervention on DUB activity as a rationale to search for novel anticancer drugs. This strategy may benefit from our current knowledge of the physiological regulatory mechanisms of these enzymes and the fact that growth of several tumors depends on the normal activity of certain DUBs. Further understanding of these processes may provide answers to multiple remaining questions on DUB functions and lead to the development of DUB-targeting strategies to expand the repertoire of molecular therapies against cancer.
We present results from the most comprehensive radio monitoring campaign towards the closest star to our Sun, Proxima Centauri. We report 1.1–3.1 GHz observations with the Australia Telescope Compact ...Array over 18 consecutive days in April 2017. We detected radio emission from Proxima Centauri for most of the observing sessions, which spanned ~1.6 orbital periods of the planet Proxima b. The radio emission is stronger at the low-frequency band, centered around 1.6 GHz, and is consistent with the expected electron-cyclotron frequency for the known star’s magnetic field intensity of ~600 gauss. The 1.6 GHz light curve shows an emission pattern that is consistent with the orbital period of the planet Proxima b around the star Proxima, with its maxima of emission happening near the quadratures. We also observed two short-duration flares (a few minutes) and a long-duration burst (about three days) whose peaks happened close to the quadratures. We find that the frequency, large degree of circular polarization, change in the sign of circular polarization, and intensity of the observed radio emission are all consistent with expectations from electron cyclotron-maser emission arising from sub-Alfvénic star–planet interaction. We interpret our radio observations as signatures of interaction between the planet Proxima b and its host star Proxima. We advocate for monitoring other dwarf stars with planets to eventually reveal periodic radio emission due to star–planet interaction, thus opening a new avenue for exoplanet hunting and the study of a new field of exoplanet–star plasma interaction.
Abstract
The search for Earth-like planets around late-type stars using ultrastable spectrographs requires a very precise characterization of the stellar activity and the magnetic cycle of the star, ...since these phenomena induce radial velocity (RV) signals that can be misinterpreted as planetary signals. Among the nearby stars, we have selected Barnard’s Star (Gl 699) to carry out a characterization of these phenomena using a set of spectroscopic data that covers about 14.5 yr and comes from seven different spectrographs: HARPS, HARPS-N, CARMENES, HIRES, UVES, APF, and PFS; and a set of photometric data that covers about 15.1 yr and comes from four different photometric sources: ASAS, FCAPT–RCT, AAVSO, and SNO. We have measured different chromospheric activity indicators (H α, Ca ii HK, and Na i D), as well as the full width at half-maximum (FWHM), of the cross-correlation function computed for a sub-set of the spectroscopic data. The analysis of generalized Lomb–Scargle periodograms of the time series of different activity indicators reveals that the rotation period of the star is 145 ± 15 d, consistent with the expected rotation period according to the low activity level of the star and previous claims. The upper limit of the predicted activity-induced RV signal corresponding to this rotation period is about 1 m s−1. We also find evidence of a long-term cycle of 10 ± 2 yr that is consistent with previous estimates of magnetic cycles from photometric time series in other M stars of similar activity levels. The available photometric data of the star also support the detection of both the long-term and the rotation signals.
The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most frequent metastatic sites of various cancers, including lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma. The development of brain metastases requires a ...specific therapeutic approach and is associated with high mortality and morbidity in cancer patients. Advances in precision medicine and the introduction in recent years of new drugs, such as immunotherapy, have made it possible to improve the prognosis of these patients by improving survival and quality of life. New diagnostic techniques such as liquid biopsy allow real-time monitoring of tumor evolution, providing molecular information on prognostic and predictive biomarkers of response to treatment in blood or other fluids. In this review, we perform an exhaustive update of the clinical trials that demonstrate the utility of immunotherapy in patients with brain metastases and the potential of circulating biomarkers to improving the results of efficacy and toxicity in this subgroup of patients.
Olive agroecosystems have for several decades undergone management changes aimed to meet the demands of new agricultural policy trends and of consumers and society. While the main role of olive ...groves is the production of olives and oil, its multifunctional performance is supported through the European and regional legislative framework, promoting the recognition of non-productive ecosystem services provided by agriculture to society. The objective of this work is to compare two types of olive grove management (integrated and ecological) under the multifunctionality of agriculture (MFA) approach, in Estepa (Andalusia, Spain). To this end, environmental, economic and social indicators were considered. Subsequently, the multifunctional behaviour of olive groves under different management schemes was evaluated using the multicriteria Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology. Ecological farming presented greater valuation in the satisfaction of social demands, with better weightings in all the indicators evaluated, except for farm income and Lepidoptera richness. Thus, the implementation of practices related to ecological management leads to a greater multifunctionality of olive groves. It is thus fundamental that multi-scale policies consider the value of the environmental externalities of this type of management, favouring its implementation to contribute positively to the multifunctionality and sustainability of olive groves in Andalusia.
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•A multifunctional analysis of olive groves with AHP was carried in south Spain.•Integrated olive groves showed a higher farm income than ecological olive groves.•Ecological management showed better results in social and environmental indicators.•Ecological farming contributes more in satisfying social demands to agriculture.•Political support is essential to guarantee the benefits of the ecological farming.
The results of a search for stellar pulsations in M dwarf stars in the Kepler short-cadence (SC) data base are presented. This investigation covers all the cool and dwarf stars in the list of ...Dressing & Charbonneau, which were also observed in SC mode by the Kepler satellite. The sample has been enlarged via selection of stellar parameters (temperature, surface gravity and radius) with available Kepler Input Catalogue values together with JHK and riz photometry. In total, 87 objects observed by the Kepler mission in SC mode were selected and analysed using Fourier techniques. The detection threshold is below 10 ...mag for the brightest objects and below 20 ...mag for about 40 per cent of the stars in the sample. However, no significant signal in the ~10,100 cd super( -1) frequency domain that can be reliably attributable to stellar pulsations has been detected. The periodograms have also been investigated for solar-like oscillations in the >100 cd super( -1) region, but with unsuccessful results too. Despite these inconclusive photometric results, M dwarfs pulsation amplitudes may still be detected in radial velocity searches. State-of-the-art coming instruments, like CARMENES near-infrared high-precision spectrograph, will play a key role in the possible detection. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)
Liminal periods of disaster solidarity in the aftermath of disaster are a common experience of many survivors. These periods have a specifically ethical component in that people spontaneously engage ...in collective, altruistic action and magnanimously expand their ethical focus beyond normative social distinctions and hierarchies. Inevitably, however, such solidarity seems to wane, and people return to pre‐disaster patterns of interaction. Nevertheless, some individuals move beyond opportune acts of assistance to more extensive reorganisations of their lives during the recovery period and reshape their ethical commitments in new and durable directions. These individuals help make visible marginalised ‘others’ and draw collaborators to share new ethical visions. Based on observational and interview data collected after Hurricane María (2017) in a mountainous Puerto Rican municipality and employing the framework of virtue ethics, this paper examines the differential effects of disaster solidarity on survivors' ethical responses and the different contributions these make to society.
نبذة مختصرة
تعتبر فترات التضامن من الكوارث في أعقاب الكارثة تجربة شائعة للعديد من الناجين. تتمتّع هذه الفترات بعنصر أخلاقي خاص حيث ينخرط الناس تلقائيًا في العمل الجماعي والإيثاري ويوسعون تركيزهم الأخلاقي بشهامة إلى ما وراء الفروق والتسلسلات الاجتماعية المعيارية. ومع ذلك ، فإن هذا التضامن يتضاءل، ويعود الناس إلى أنماط التفاعل التي كانت سائدة قبل وقوع الكارثة. إلا أن بعض الأفراد يذهبون لأبعد من أعمال المساعدة المناسبة لإعادة تنظيم الحياة خلال فترة التعافي ويعيدون صياغة التزاماتهم الأخلاقية في اتجاهات جديدة ودائمة. استنادًا إلى بيانات المراقبة والمقابلات التي تم جمعها بعد إعصار ماريا (2017) في إحدى البلديات الجبلية في بورتوريكو وباستخدام إطار أخلاقيات مستقيمة، فإننا ندرس الآثار التفاضلية للتضامن في حالات الكوارث على الاستجابات الأخلاقية للناجين والمساهمات المختلفة لهذه الاستجابات في المجتمع.
كلمات مفتاحية: أخلاقيات الكارثة، القيمة الاجتماعية في الكارثة، التضامن في الكارثة، فترة محدودة، بورتوريكو، أخلاقيات الناجين، أخلاقيات مستقيمة
摘要
灾害过后的灾难团结只维持一段有限的时间，是许多幸存者的共同经历。这些有限时期具有特定的伦理意义，因为人们自发地参与集体、利他行为，并慷慨地将他们的伦理关注点扩展到规范的社会区别和等级制度之外。然而，这种团结似乎不可避免地会减弱，人们会回到灾前的互动模式。然而，一些人在恢复期间，除了进行适时的援助行为，更有广泛地重组了他们自己的生活，并朝着新的和持久的方向重塑了他们的道德承诺。基于飓风玛丽亚（2017年）在波多黎各山区收集的观察和访谈数据，并采用美德伦理框架，我们研究了灾难团结对幸存者道德反应的不同影响以及这些对社会的不同贡献。
关键词：灾难伦理，灾难社会资本，灾难团结，飓风，有限时期，波多黎各，幸存者伦理，美德伦理
Summary
Objective
To evaluate the in vivo and in vitro responses to nOle e 1 in allergic rhinitis (AR) and local allergic rhinitis (LAR) patients sensitized to olive tree pollen (OL) confirmed by ...nasal allergen provocation test (NAPT).
Methods
Twelve subjects with AR, 12 with LAR and 12 subjects as control group (CG) were selected. Skin testing and NAPT with nOle e 1 were performed. Eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) and tryptase were measured in nasal lavages before and after NAPT. Serum IgE to OL allergens was measured by ELISA. Basophil activation tests (BAT) with OL and nOle e 1 and dendritic cell maturation/proliferation studies were carried out.
Results
All AR (12/12) and 10/12 (83%) of LAR had a +NAPT to nOle e 1. ECP levels in nasal lavages were significantly increased after NAPT in both AR and LAR compared with CG at 15 min (P < 0.05). Serum IgE was positive only in AR. All AR had +BAT responses to OL and 10/12 to nOle e 1 (83%); 8/12 LAR (66.6%) had a +BAT to OL and 4/12 (33%) to nOle e 1, with only one subject of the CG with a +BAT to both OL and nOle e 1 (8%). Dendritic cell proliferation to nOle e 1 was increased in AR compared to LAR and CG (P = 0.019 and P = 0.001, respectively).
Conclusion
Both AR and LAR had a similar in vivo response to nOle e 1 with release of inflammatory mediators. Specific basophil activation with OL and nOle e 1 was observed in LAR confirming previous data obtained with dust mites.
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