Obesity increases mortality, and is linked to cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the ability of different adiposity indices to ...identify subjects with MetS among people with intermediate cariovascular risk.
The cross-sectional study involved 2478 subjects, recruited by the MARK study. Adiposity measures: general adiposity by body mass index (BMI), central adiposity by waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), fat mass percent by the Clínica Universidad de Navarra-body adiposity estimator (CUN-BAE), percentage of body fat and of visceral adipose tissue by body roundness index (BRI) and visceral obesity and general adiposity with body shape index (ABSI). The diagnosis of MetS was made in accordance with the criteria established in the international consensus of the Joint Scientific Statement National Cholesterol Education Program III.
The highest correlation coefficients were obtained by the glycemic components (HbA1c and FPG) of the MetS and ranged from 0.155 to 0.320. The exception was ABSI, which showed lower values in the global analysis and in the males. Values of the area under the ROC curve with the adiposity indices ranged from 0.773 with the BMI in males to 0.567 with ABSI in males. In the logistic regression analysis, all adiposity factors, except ABSI, showed similar OR values of MetS after adjusting for possible confounding factors. In the global analysis, the adiposity index that showed a highest OR of MetS was CUN-BAE (OR 5.50; 95% CI 4.27-7.09). In the analysis by gender, the highest ORs were BMI in males (OR 5.98; 95% CI 4.70-7.60) and both WHtR and BRI in females (OR 4.15; 95% CI 3.09-5.58).
All adiposity indices, except for ABSI, show an association with MetS and similar ability to detect subjects with MetS among people with intermediate cariovascular risk.
A novel domino reduction/imine formation/intramolecular cyclization/oxidation for the efficient synthesis of pyrrolo(indolo)1,2-aquinoxalines and pyrrolo(indolo)3,2-c-quinolines from readily ...available nitrobenzenes and glycols is reported. The process utilizes the carbonyl byproduct of the initial dioxomolybdenum(VI)-catalyzed reduction of nitroaromatics with glycols as a reagent for the imine generation. This method represents the first sustainable domino reaction for the preparation of biologically relevant heterocycles that internally incorporates the waste formed in the first step to the final product.
Nowadays, environmentally friendly cutting fluids should be applied in manufacturing processes. Concretely, in many machining processes the use of minimum quantity of lubrication (MQL) is established ...as common routine. In this paper, the use of natural biodegradable oils as an alternative to traditional canola oils used in MQL is analyzed, comparing five different alternatives (i.e.: sunflower oil, high oleic sunflower oil, castor oil and ECO-350 recycled oil). Firstly, the aim is to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed oils, just analyzing their tribological and rheological characteristics. Secondly, a full battery of experimental tests was performed in order to validate their behavior during cutting Inconel 718, a difficult-to-cut material commonly used in aeronautical components. Finally, life cycle assessment was carried out with the aim of analyzing their environmental feasibility. Results show that the combination of low viscosity with high friction coefficient implies an increase in tool life. In this line, ECO-350 recycled oil presents a feasible behavior and improves the tool life up to 30% in comparison with commercial canola oil. However, its recycling process has to be improved from an environmental point of view. Taking both issues, high oleic sunflower oil presents a balance between them. On one hand, it improves tool life (15%) and on the other hand, similar environmental impact is obtained compared with canola oil. This supposes an advance, being more efficiently, not only environmentally speaking but also technically.
•A review of biodegradable oils applied to machining processes is presented.•Tribological and rheological analysis of four natural oils and canola commercial oil are performed.•MQL lubrication with different oils analyzed was applied to Inconel 718 end milling.•LCA was carried out in which canola oil, high oleic sunflower oil and ECO-350 oil use during machining was analyzed.
Effect of prediabetes and normal glucose on arterial stiffness remains controversial. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial ...glucose (PG) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in Caucasian adults. The secondary aim was to analyse this relationship by glycaemic status.
Cross-sectional study. Setting: Primary care. Participants: 2,233 subjects, 35-74 years. Measures: FPG (mg/dL) and HbA1c (%) of all subjects were measured using standard automated enzymatic methods. PG (mg/dL) was self-measured at home two hours after meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) for one day using an Accu-chek ® glucometer. CAVI was measured using a VaSera VS-1500® device (Fukuda Denshi), and baPWV was calculated using a validated equation.
CAVI and baPWV values were significantly higher in subjects with diabetes mellitus than in glucose normal and prediabetes groups (p<0.001). FPG, PG and HbA1c were positively associated with CAVI and baPWV. The β regression coefficient for: HbA1c was 0.112 (CI 95% 0.068 to 0.155) with CAVI, 0.266 (CI 95% 0.172 to 0.359) with baPWV; for PG was 0.006 (CI 95% 0.004 to 0.009 and for FPG was 0.005 (CI 95% 0.002 to 0.008) with baPWV; and for PG was 0.002 (CI 95% 0.001 to 0.003) and 0.003 (CI 95% 0.002 to 0.004) with CAVI (p<0.01 in all cases). When analysing by hyperglycaemic status, FPG, PG and HbA1c were positively associated with CAVI and baPWV in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
FPG, PG and HbA1c show a positive association with CAVI and baPWV, in Caucasian adults with intermediate cardiovascular risk factors. When analysing by hyperglycaemic status, the association is only maintained in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT01428934. Registered 2 September 2011. Retrospectively registered. Last updated September 8, 2016.
Aging is associated with a progressive loss of tissue and metabolic homeostasis. This loss can be delayed by single‐gene perturbations, increasing lifespan. How such perturbations affect metabolic ...and proteostatic networks to extend lifespan remains unclear. Here, we address this question by comprehensively characterizing age‐related changes in protein turnover rates in the Drosophila brain, as well as changes in the neuronal metabolome, transcriptome, and carbon flux in long‐lived animals with elevated Jun‐N‐terminal Kinase signaling. We find that these animals exhibit a delayed age‐related decline in protein turnover rates, as well as decreased steady‐state neuronal glucose‐6‐phosphate levels and elevated carbon flux into the pentose phosphate pathway due to the induction of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Over‐expressing G6PD in neurons is sufficient to phenocopy these metabolic and proteostatic changes, as well as extend lifespan. Our study identifies a link between metabolic changes and improved proteostasis in neurons that contributes to the lifespan extension in long‐lived mutants.
We found serologic evidence of spotted fever group Rickettsia in humans and dogs and typhus group Rickettsia in dogs in Reynosa, Mexico. Our investigation revealed serologic samples reactive to ...spotted fever group Rickettsia in 5 community members, which highlights a potential rickettsial transmission scenario in this region.
Engagement of the activating receptor NKG2D (natural killer group 2 member D) with its ligands (NKG2DL) major histocompatibility complex class I related-A and -B (MICA/B), UL-16 binding protein ...families (ULBPs 1-6) is important to ensure the innate immunity to tumor cells. However, these cells have developed strategies to downregulate NKG2DL expression and avoid immune recognition. We demonstrate that DNA methylation can contribute to the absence of NKG2DL expression during tumor progression. We analyzed the DNA methylation profiles for each NKG2DL by pyrosequencing in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), hepatocellular carcinoma (HC), breast cancer and colon cancer cell lines. High levels of DNA methylation for NKG2DL were found in some tumor cell lines, mainly in AML cells. This hypermethylation was correlated with the absence of transcription for NKG2DL. Higher DNA methylation levels for MICA, ULBP1 and ULBP2 were observed in AML patients (n=60) compared with healthy donors (n=25). However, no DNA methylation for NKG2DL was found in colon cancer patients (n=44). Treatment with demethylating agents (5-azacytidine and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine) restored the expression of NKG2DL on the cell surface of AML cells, leading to an enhanced recognition by NKG2D-expressing cells. Our data suggest that NKG2DL may be aberrantly silenced by DNA methylation as a consequence of tumor development in AML patients.
Magnetotactic bacteria are a diverse group of prokaryotes that share the unique ability of biomineralizing magnetosomes, which are intracellular, membrane-bounded crystals of either magnetite (Fe₃O₄) ...or greigite (Fe₃S₄). Magnetosome biomineralization is mediated by a number of specific proteins, many of which are localized in the magnetosome membrane, and thus is under strict genetic control. Several studies have partially elucidated the effects of a number of these magnetosome-associated proteins in the control of the size of magnetosome magnetite crystals. However, the effect of MamC, one of the most abundant proteins in the magnetosome membrane, remains unclear. In this present study, magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized inorganically in free-drift experiments at 25 °C in the presence of different concentrations of the iron-binding recombinant proteins MamC and MamCnts (MamC without its first transmembrane segment) from the marine, magnetotactic bacterium Magnetococcus marinus strain MC-1 and three commercial proteins α-lactalbumin (α-Lac), myoglobin (Myo), and lysozyme (Lyz). While no effect was observed on the size of magnetite crystals formed in the presence of the commercial proteins, biomimetic synthesis in the presence of MamC and MamCnts at concentrations of 10–60 μg/mL resulted in the production of larger and more well-developed magnetite crystals (~30–40 nm) compared to those of the control (~20–30 nm; magnetite crystals grown protein-free). Our results demonstrate that MamC plays an important role in the control of the size of magnetite crystals and could be utilized in biomimetic synthesis of magnetite nanocrystals.
Roller burnishing technique to achieve isotropic surface topography on cylindrical components made of austempered ductile iron (ADI) casting is presented in this paper. In the last years, ADI casting ...components are used in many mechanical applications, due to their enhanced mechanical properties. ADI castings are difficult-to-cut materials; therefore, advanced techniques to improve manufacturing productivity are necessary and under research. On the other hand, spiral roughness pattern produced by turning operation is a common source of unconformities in several applications. Turning produces a defined kinematic pattern, similar to a thread. This work presents a theoretical and experimental validation using different burnishing conditions. Roughness and surface topography and surface integrity were checked. Results show that the technique greatly improves surface roughness, and eliminates the kinematic-driven roughness pattern of turning, leading to a more isotropic finishing. A comparison between roller burnishing and ball burnishing is also presented in this paper.
Yeasts are unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms isolated from many foods, and are commonly found in table olive processing where they can play a double role. On one hand, these microorganisms can ...produce spoilage of fruits due to the production of bad odours and flavours, the accumulation of CO2 leading to swollen containers, the clouding of brines, the softening of fruits and the degradation of lactic acid, which is especially harmful during table olive storage and packaging. But on the other hand, fortunately, yeasts also possess desirable biochemical activities (lipase, esterase, β-glucosidase, catalase, production of killer factors, etc.) with important technological applications in this fermented vegetable. Recently, the probiotic potential of olive yeasts has begun to be evaluated because many species are able to resist the passage through the gastrointestinal tract and show beneficial effects on the host. In this way, yeasts may improve consumers' health by decreasing cholesterol levels, inhibiting pathogens, degrading non assimilated compounds, producing antioxidants and vitamins, adhering to intestinal cells or by maintaining epithelial barrier integrity. Many yeast species, usually also found in table olive processing, such as Wicherhamomyces anomalus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia membranifaciens and Kluyveromyces lactis, have been reported to exhibit some of these properties. Thus, the selection of the most appropriate strains to be used as starters, alone or in combination with lactic acid bacteria, is a promising research line to develop in a near future which might improve the added value of the commercialized product.
► Yeasts are part of the usual microbiota found in table olive processing. ► These microorganisms may improve the technological process but also the human health. ► However, certain species under certain conditions can produce the spoilage of the product. ► Diverse statistical tools have been used for the selection of the most relevant yeasts strains.
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