Antioxidant defenses in biological systems ensure redox homeostasis, regulating baseline levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). Oxidative stress (OS), characterized by a lack ...of antioxidant defenses or an elevation in ROS and RNS, may cause a modification of biomolecules, ROS being primarily absorbed by proteins. As a result of both genome and environment interactions, proteomics provides complete information about a cell's proteome, which changes continuously. Besides measuring protein expression levels, proteomics can also be used to identify protein modifications, localizations, the effects of added agents, and the interactions between proteins. Several oxidative processes are frequently used to modify proteins post-translationally, including carbonylation, oxidation of amino acid side chains, glycation, or lipid peroxidation, which produces highly reactive alkenals. Reactive alkenals, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, are added to cysteine (Cys), lysine (Lys), or histidine (His) residues by a Michael addition, and tyrosine (Tyr) residues are nitrated and Cys residues are nitrosylated by a Michael addition. Oxidative and nitrosative stress have been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases as a result of oxidative damage to the brain, which may be especially vulnerable due to the large consumption of dioxygen. Therefore, the current methods applied for the detection, identification, and quantification in redox proteomics are of great interest. This review describes the main protein modifications classified as chemical reactions. Finally, we discuss the importance of redox proteomics to health and describe the analytical methods used in redox proteomics.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitute a group of highly reactive molecules that have evolved as regulators of important signaling pathways. In this context, tumor cells have an altered redox ...balance compared to normal cells, which can be targeted as an antitumoral therapy by ROS levels and by decreasing the capacity of the antioxidant system, leading to programmed cell death. Melatonin is of particular importance in the development of innovative cancer treatments due to its oncostatic impact and lack of adverse effects. Despite being widely recognized as a pro-oxidant molecule in tumor cells, the mechanism of action of melatonin remains unclear, which has hindered its use in clinical treatments. The current review aims to describe and clarify the proposed mechanism of action of melatonin inducing ROS production in cancer cells in order to propose future anti-neoplastic clinical applications.
The development of new anticancer therapies tends to be very slow. Although their impact on potential candidates is confirmed in preclinical studies, ∼95 % of these new therapies are not approved ...when tested in clinical trials. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of accurate preclinical models. In this context, there are different patient-derived models, which have emerged as a powerful oncological tool: patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), patient-derived organoids (PDOs), and patient-derived cells (PDCs). Although all these models are widely applied, PDXs, which are created by engraftment of patient tumor tissues into mice, is considered more reliable. In fundamental research, the PDX model is used to evaluate drug-sensitive markers and, in clinical practice, to select a personalized therapeutic strategy. Melatonin is of particular importance in the development of innovative cancer treatments due to its oncostatic impact and lack of adverse effects. However, the literature regarding the oncostatic effect of melatonin in patient-derived tumor models is scant. This review aims to describe the important role of patient-derived models in the development of anticancer treatments, focusing, in particular, on PDX models, as well as their use in cancer research. This review also summarizes the existing literature on the anti-tumoral effect of melatonin in patient-derived models in order to propose future anti-neoplastic clinical applications.
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The wood industry is an essential part of the economy of some regions in Brazil. Although the excess of wood residue is an environmental concern, it is also an alternative source for electricity ...generation. This allows for compliance with current legislation to minimize environmental impacts such as strategies to control the emission of pollutants and the decarbonization in the wood exploration activity. Despite this, the thermoelectric plants based on wood residues face problems associated with the low efficiency in generation due to the high moisture content of the residues, and challenges related to transport and storage. In this sense, this work is to evaluate the application of a self-sustainable briquetting plant as an alternative for solving the problems associated with the high moisture content, transport, and storage of wood residues. The aspects related to the construction of the briquetting plant and economic indicators associated with the economic feasibility, such as, the estimation of the net present value over the project lifecycle, internal rate of return and pay-back period, are also presented and discussed. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the plant mainly due to the better energy/volume ratio of the briquette (drying and compaction) and the transportation cost savings associated to the density of the compacted material.
Cáncer bucofaríngeo en menores de 30 años José Ramón Díaz Martínez; Julio Cesar Santana Garay; Iván Cuevas Pérez ...
Oncología,
09/2022, Letnik:
12, Številka:
1-2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Fueron evaluados los expedientes clínicos de 1055 pacientes con diagnóstico de carcinoma de la cavidad bucal y la orofarínge, atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Oncología de la Habana, entre los ...años 1981 y 1990, seleccionándose siete casos, que tenían edades por debajo de los 30 años, lo que representó el 0.66% del total. No se evidencio predominio de ninguno de los sexos, pues fueron tratados cuatro hombres y tres mujeres. La ubicación topográfica que sirvio de asiento al mayor número de lesiones fue la lengua con 3 pacientes y la amigdala con dos casos. De los 7 pacientes estudiados, en tres no se recogieron antecedentes de ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas, ni fumaban. El Carcinoma Epidermoide fue la clasificación histológica encontrada con mayor frecuencia, en 7 pacientes, de ellos cuatro fueron Carcinoma Epidermoide Bie Diferenciado. Las clasificaciones, clínicas TNM con mayor porcentaje de pacientes concentrado fueron, el T1 NO y el T4 N2b, con dos pacientes en cada grupo. En 4 pacientes el cuello fue clínicamente negativo, al realizar el examen inicial. El tratamiento utilizado con mayor frecuencia fue la cirugía en 3 pacientes y la combinación de radioterapia y monoquimioterapia en 2 pacientes. Como resultado del tratamiento inicial, se obtuvo control de la lesión primaria en cinco pacientes, encontrándose libres de tumor en su última consulta cuatro pacientes.
The city of Aripuana is one of the largest wood producer in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Wood residues are used in the electricity generation at three thermoelectric plants in this region. ...However, the plants have high costs in transporting the wood residues (due to poor road conditions). Hence, this paper compares the energy performance of wood residues in natura and compacted as briquettes by calculating the heating value and determining the influence of moisture content on the energy characteristics of wood residues. The goal is to demonstrate the viability of using briquettes in order to improve thermoelectric generation. The wood residues from this region are affected by the high humidity of the biome. An alternative to improve the use of energy contained in the wood residues is to produce briquettes with lower humidity. This allows one to maintain high levels of heat energy in a lower volume, facilitating handling and storage. The results show that the use of briquettes improved the performance of thermoelectric plants, generating 1 MW of electricity power with less than 1 ton of briquettes. This contributes to the preservation of the environment, reducing operating costs, transportation and storage of the raw materials.
Codesigning a Spanish literacy platform for deaf children Gaytan-Lugo, Laura Sanely; Prietch, Soraia S.; Santana-Mancilla, Pedro Cesar ...
Proceedings of the XI Latin American Conference on Human Computer Interaction,
10/2023
Conference Proceeding
This paper presents the interface codesign of a Spanish literacy Web platform for deaf children in the frame of a national multi- and interdisciplinary project aiming to promote reading and writing ...skills among this population. The platform’s target users are children skilled in Mexican Sign Language (LSM, after its initials in Spanish) and who are taking Spanish lessons at a basic level, either in the official educational system or in a civil organization for Deaf people. To fulfill its purpose for the target users, the platform must be bilingual; that is, the interfaces must present the contents in both LSM and Spanish. Work on the interface codesign with deaf people suggests visual appealing privileging videos, animations, and static images to the detriment of textual information. The team has conducted codesign sessions in 4 locations across Mexico, using techniques proposed in different research projects who involved deaf participants or who could be adapted to achieve our research goals. The design team consisted of deaf persons knowledgeable in Deaf culture and language (hence referred to as Linguistic Deaf Models, or LDF), user experience (UX) experts, and a graphic designer. Some results from the codesign sessions include the following: any text element shown on the interface must be accompanied by an actionable icon that will present, on demand, its LSM translation using a video or animation. For text form labels, in addition to their LSM translation, a video must explain how to fill out each field. LSM videos, including those giving the context of a lesson, must include closed captions or audio to ensure that the needs of both hearing and deaf users are covered. The findings are consistent with international accessibility guidelines, academic literature, and results from our previous research.
In this article, we present a comprehensive computational investigation into the reaction mechanism of
-arylation of substituted aryl halides through Ullmann-type coupling reactions. Our ...computational findings, obtained through DFT ωB97X-D/6-311G(d,p) and ωB97X-D/LanL2DZ calculations, reveal a direct relation between the previously reported experimental reaction yields and the activation energy of haloarene activation, which constitutes the rate-limiting step in the overall coupling process. A detailed analysis of the reaction mechanism employing the Activation Strain Model indicates that the strain in the substituted iodoanilines is the primary contributor to the energy barrier, representing an average of 80% of the total strain energy. Additional analysis based on conceptual Density Functional Theory (DFT) suggests that the nucleophilicity of the nitrogen in the lactam is directly linked to the activation energies. These results provide valuable insights into the factors influencing energetic barriers and, consequently, reaction yields. These insights enable the rational modification of reactants to optimize the
-arylation process.
Since there is an increasing rate of physiotherapists using invasive procedures during the clinical practice, understanding the cross-sectional anatomy and radiological images is essential for ...ensuring patients' safety during these interventions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the students' opinion of including cross-sectional and radiological images to traditional methodologies, to evaluate whether these additional resources improve their ability to identify musculoskeletal structures in radiological images and their understanding of neurovascular and visceral structures related with specific muscles to be avoided during invasive procedures. First-year undergraduate physiotherapy students were enrolled in the study. A brief online survey asking about their opinion about the use of cross-sectional and radiological images as complementary resources was built. In addition, two open-answer tests (before and after the inclusion of these resources) were conducted to evaluate their ability to identify correctly musculoskeletal structures in magnetic resonance and ultrasound images and to evaluate their awareness of high-risk structures related with specific muscles. One-hundred-thirty-two students returned the online survey and one-hundred-forty-eight completed all the tests. In general, students opined cross-sectional images to be of utility for learning anatomy (81.8%) and radiological images (93.9%) and felt they benefited from cross-sectional and ultrasound images (78.0%). All tests showed significant improvements after the inclusion of these complementary resources (all, p < 0.001) except for trunk structures in MRI (p = 0.777). The implementation of anatomical cross-sectional and radiological images resulted in better understanding of radiological images and better cognition of possible risk during invasive procedures.
Agroindustrial potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) waste mainly includes peel and pulp; however, potatoes of low industrial quality are also discarded by industry. A viable alternative to give added value ...to these byproducts is the use of these as seeds, as well as the use of starch. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality (germination and vigor), starch content and relationship between these variables in discarded tubers from the industry through chemical-structural analyses to better understand their influence on starch composition. The physiological quality of the potatoes was evaluated through germination and vigor tests; likewise, starch was extracted, and the yield was determined. Physicochemical characterization of the starches was carried out through proximal and structural analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results showed that the tubers had 100.00% germination and 98.66% vigor and were suitable for use as seeds. The starch yield did not significantly differ. However, characterization of the starch revealed significant differences (p less than or equal to 0.05) in moisture, ash, carbohydrate and amylose contents, which were influenced by the storage temperature (4 degreesC) of the tubers subjected to a vigor test, which interferes with enzymatic activity. During germination, the NMR results showed type B crystallinity, which is typical of tubers, indicating that the viability tests did not promote changes in the type of crystallinity. The results obtained can help us understand the effect of germination on the composition of starch and, accordingly, choose the most appropriate applications for this starch, whether food or nonfood. Key words: NMR, physiological quality, seed tuber, Solanum tuberosum, starch.
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