During recent decades, a growing and preoccupying excess of medical interventions during childbirth, even in physiological and uncomplicated births, together with a concerning spread of abusive and ...disrespectful practices towards women during childbirth across the world, have been reported. Despite research and policy-making to address these problems, changing childbirth practices has proved to be difficult. We argue that the excessive rates of medical interventions and disrespect towards women during childbirth should be analysed as a consequence of structural violence, and that the concept of obstetric violence, as it is being used in Latin American childbirth activism and legal documents, might prove to be a useful tool for addressing structural violence in maternity care such as high intervention rates, non-consented care, disrespect and other abusive practices.
Ces dernières décennies, un excès croissant et préoccupant d’interventions médicales pendant l’accouchement, même dans des naissances physiologiques et sans complications, parallèlement à une multiplication de pratiques violentes et irrespectueuses à l’égard des femmes pendant l’accouchement, a été rapporté de par le monde. En dépit de recherches et de décisions politiques pour corriger ces problèmes, il s’est révélé difficile de changer les pratiques obstétricales. Nous avançons que le taux excessif d’interventions médicales et le manque de respect à l’égard des parturientes devraient être analysés comme conséquence de la violence structurelle et que le concept de violence obstétricale, tel qu’il est utilisé dans l’activisme latino-américain de l’accouchement et dans les documents juridiques, peut être un outil précieux pour s’attaquer à la violence structurelle dans les soins maternels, comme les taux élevés d’intervention, les soins non consentis, le manque de respect et d’autres abus.
Durante décadas recientes, se ha reportado un creciente y preocupante exceso de intervenciones médicas durante el parto, incluso en partos fisiológicos sin complicaciones, junto con un preocupante aumento de prácticas abusivas e irrespetuosas hacia las mujeres durante el parto en todo el mundo. A pesar de investigaciones y políticas formuladas para tratar estos problemas, ha resultado difícil cambiar las prácticas relacionadas con el parto. Argumentamos que las tasas excesivas de intervenciones médicas y la falta de respeto hacia las mujeres durante el parto deben analizarse como una consecuencia de la violencia estructural, y que el concepto de violencia obstétrica, tal como se utiliza en el activismo relacionado con el parto y en documentos jurídicos en Latinoamérica, podría ser una herramienta útil para abordar la violencia estructural en la atención materna, tales como altas tasas de intervención, cuidados sin consentimiento, falta de respeto y otras prácticas abusivas.
Objective
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) challenges everyday functioning and well‐being. The aim of this study was to structure and summarize the life experiences of Chilean women with SS in an integrated ...model.
Methods
Interviews from a previous study yielded 75 experiences of living with SS. A sample of 30 women with SS sorted these experiences by content and rated their level of agreement with each experience. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to structure the experiences of the participants with SS in a comprehensive overview. A team‐based consensus analysis was used to define the number of clusters. The level of agreement was examined with Wilcoxon’s signed rank test.
Results
Ten clusters were identified and grouped into 6 main categories: symptoms (clusters: mucosal dryness and related symptoms), social environment, emotion management (clusters: fears and sadness), information (clusters: uncertainty and lack of knowledge), coping strategy (clusters: resilience and self‐care), and health staff relationship. The clusters that describe the more common experiences among patients were resilience, self‐care, uncertainty, lack of knowledge, health staff relationship, and mucosal dryness.
Conclusion
This study provided an integrated and structured overview of disease experiences comprising both biomedical and psychosocial aspects as being of vital importance for the health of patients with SS. The overview can be used to get a quick impression of disease experiences that are important for an individual patient, in a therapeutic goal setting, and in the construction and evaluation of medical and nonmedical interventions or education.
Electroencephalography (EEG) is the standard diagnosis method for a wide variety of diseases such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, encephalopathies, and coma, among others. Resting-state functional ...magnetic resonance (rs-fMRI) is currently a technique used in research in both healthy individuals as well as patients. EEG and fMRI are procedures used to obtain direct and indirect measurements of brain neural activity: EEG measures the electrical activity of the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp, and fMRI detects the changes in blood oxygenation that occur in response to neural activity. EEG has a high temporal resolution and low spatial resolution, while fMRI has high spatial resolution and low temporal resolution. Thus, the combination of EEG with rs-fMRI using different methods could be very useful for research and clinical applications. In this article, we describe and show the results of a new methodology for processing rs-fMRI using seeds positioned according to the 10-10 EEG standard. We analyze the functional connectivity and adjacency matrices obtained using 65 seeds based on 10-10 EEG scheme and 21 seeds based on 10-20 EEG. Connectivity networks are created using each 10-20 EEG seeds and are analyzed by comparisons to the seven networks that have been found in recent studies. The proposed method captures high correlation between contralateral seeds, ipsilateral and contralateral occipital seeds, and some in the frontal lobe.
Abstract Background Oral anticoagulation reduces the risk of mortality in atrial fibrillation (AF), but examination of the causes of death is essential to design new strategies to further reduce the ...high mortality rates observed in this population. Objectives The authors sought to analyze and compare causes of death in patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) or warfarin for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism (SE) in AF. Methods The authors systematically searched for randomized trials of DOAC versus warfarin for prevention of stroke/SE in AF. The main outcome was mortality and independently adjudicated specific causes of death. The authors used the random effects model of meta-analysis to combine the studies. Results 71,683 patients from 4 trials were included (134,046 patient-years of follow-up). A total of 6,206 patients (9%) died during follow-up. Adjusted mortality rate was 4.72%/year (95% confidence interval CI: 4.19 to 5.28). Cardiac deaths accounted for 46% of all deaths, whereas nonhemorrhagic stroke/SE and hemorrhage-related deaths represented 5.7% and 5.6% of the total mortality, respectively. Compared with patients who were alive, those who died had more frequent history of heart failure (odds ratio OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.25 to 2.44), permanent/persistent AF (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.52) and diabetes (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.68); were more frequently male (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.37) and older (mean difference 3.2 years; 95% CI: 1.6 to 4.8); and had a lower creatinine clearance (−9.9 ml/min; 95% CI: −11.3 to −8.4). There was a small, but significant, reduction in all-cause mortality with the DOAC versus warfarin (difference −0.42%/year; 95% CI: −0.66 to −0.18), mainly driven by a reduction in fatal bleedings. Conclusions In contemporary AF trials, most deaths were cardiac-related, whereas stroke and bleeding represented only a small subset of deaths. Interventions beyond anticoagulation are needed to further reduce mortality in AF.
•We explored action semantics in a patient with subcortical band heterotopia.•The pattern of double cortex affected motor regions but spared multimodal regions.•The patient responded faster to action ...than object concepts vis-à-vis controls.•This was accompanied by heightened functional connectivity between bilateral PMC.•A functional double cortex in motor regions could benefit action semantic processing.
Patients with atrophy in motor brain regions exhibit selective deficits in processing action-related meanings, suggesting a link between movement conceptualization and the amount of regional tissue. Here we examine such a relation in a unique opposite model: a rare patient with a double cortex (due to subcortical band heterotopia) in primary/supplementary motor regions, and no double cortex in multimodal semantic regions. We measured behavioral performance in action- and object-concept processing as well and resting-state functional connectivity. Both dimensions involved comparisons with healthy controls. Results revealed preserved accuracy in action and object categories for the patient. However, unlike controls, the patient exhibited faster performance for action than object concepts, a difference that was uninfluenced by general cognitive abilities. Moreover, this pattern was accompanied by heightened functional connectivity between the bilateral primary motor cortices. This suggests that a functionally active double motor cortex may entail action-processing advantages. Our findings offer new constraints for models of action semantics and motor-region function at large.
Background/Aim
During Chile's period of social unrest, numerous people suffered physical trauma due to the use of police force. However, there have been no reports regarding traumatic dental injuries ...(TDIs) suffered in this context. This study aims to describe the dental trauma of patients injured by police during the social unrest period in Chile from 2019 to 2021.
Material and Methods
A case series methodology was employed. Following informed consent, clinical records of patients admitted to the Ocular and Dentomaxillofacial Prosthetic Care and Rehabilitation Program, who were affected by the violence of state agents during social mobilizations, were reviewed from October 2019 to December 2021. Information on the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and the TDI diagnoses with their treatment needs were collected. A descriptive analysis was performed.
Results
Forty‐six patients were identified, nine of whom agreed to the informed consent. Most were male, with a mean age of 28 years, public health insurance, and a high educational level. The most common causes of injury were kinetic impact projectiles (KIPs) and the use of physical force (punches, kicks, or pushes). Of the nine cases described, 26 teeth were affected by TDI. The most affected teeth were the central upper incisors and, in most cases, they presented lesions in both injury categories: NA0D.0 (the tooth and pulp) and NA0D.1 (periodontal tissues). Treatment needs varied and included some complex procedures, such as implant‐retained crowns and removable dental prostheses.
Conclusions
The use of force by police during the period of social unrest in Chile caused TDIs among demonstrators, which were mainly due to physical force from less‐than‐lethal weapons. Most cases presented injuries affecting the incisors with multiple teeth requiring complex treatments.
Abstract
In mammals, activation of primordial follicles to primary follicle is a progressive and highly regulated process. There is evidence in mice that phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on ...Chromosome 10 (PTEN) silencing is an important negative regulator of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), which initiates activation of dormant follicles. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of PTEN inhibitor (bpV(HOpic)) (10 μM) and/or Kit Ligand (KL) (100 ng/mL) on the in vitro activation and survival of alpaca primordial follicles. Ovarian cortical fragments from 11 adult alpacas were cultured for 24 h in tissue culture medium (α‐MEM
+
) supplemented with KL and bpV or the association of both. Subsequently, each sample was processed by classical histology and follicular counting and classification were performed. The results obtained show a reduction (
p
< 0.05) of primordial follicles in more than 50% in follicular tissue cultured in vitro in α‐MEM
+
or supplemented with bpV and/or KL versus the control (not cultured). Further, >25% increase in primary follicles in follicular tissue cultured in vitro in α‐MEM
+
or supplemented with KL and/or bpV versus control. However, the follicular survival rate showed a decrease of 20% in the cultured tissues, except for the α‐MEM
+
supplemented with KL and bpV. In conclusion, supplementation of bpV (HOpic) (10 μM) and KL (100 ng/mL) increased the activation in vitro of primordial follicles and survival after in vitro culture of alpaca ovarian tissue.
Abstract
We present new period–luminosity and period–luminosity–metallicity relations for Galactic RR Lyrae stars based on a sample of 28 pulsators located at distances of up to 1.5 kpc from the Sun. ...Near-infrared photometry was obtained at the Cerro Armazones Observatory, and parallaxes were taken from the Gaia Early Data Release 3. Relations were determined for the 2MASS
JHK
s
bands and the
W
JK
Wesenheit index. We compare our results with other calibrations available in the literature and obtain very good agreement with the photometry of RR Lyraes from the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) anchored using the distance to the Cloud, which is based on detached eclipsing binaries. We find that the dependence of absolute magnitudes on metallicity of 0.070 ± 0.042 (
J
band) to 0.087 ± 0.031 (
W
JK
index) mag dex
−1
for the population of fundamental pulsators (RRab) is in agreement with previously published phenomenological works. We perform a refined determination of distance to the LMC based on our new calibration and photometry from Szewczyk et al. We study the dependence of the fitted parameters of the fiducial relations and the LMC distance on the systematic parallax offset.
Abstract
We present the discovery of 32 new double periodic variables (DPVs) located toward the Galactic bulge. We found these objects among the nearly half a million binary stars published by the ...Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment project. With this discovery, we increase the number of known DPVs in the Milky Way by a factor of 2. The new set of DPVs contains 31 eclipsing binaries and one ellipsoidal variable star. The orbital periods cover the range from 1.6 to 26 days, while long periods are detected between 47 and 1144 days. Our analysis confirms a known correlation between orbital and long periods that is also observed in similar systems in the Magellanic Clouds.
Poesía chilena; alegoría; memoria Abstract This test will analyze the book Rompan Filas (2016) of Bruno Vidal from three lines of sense, the allegory (Benjamin), the heteroglossia (Bajtín) and the ...subjective draft (Sarlo) to define the sway between the nominal thing and the poetical thing, the contradiction. Sería, en definitiva, el juego de la contradicción humana en el cual este libro no media con nada: el habla es contradecida desde el imaginario castrense, militante, de clase media, el proletariado (palabra de uso romántico para estos tiempos), la víctima y el victimario en la escena horrorosa de la persecución y la tortura: "he tomado la voz de los victimarios para dejar en claro lo que les pasó a las víctimas (Pedro Pablo Guerrero: 6 de enero de 2017). Por ahora, la poesía se hace cargo de ese gesto de horror. Este recurso es parte de un proceso ambiguo (de ahí su complejidad): el pasado aparece fugazmente en el presente, lo interrumpe e intenciona una revelación hacia el futuro (la posvida): estos objetos e imágenes evocan un pasado en el presente, el cual debe tener ciertas condiciones para que la alegoría aparezca y se haga cuerpo.
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