According to previous studies in Lorestan Province, western Iran on human fascioliasis, we aimed to understand the epidemiology of the disease and to identify the cases in rural and nomad regions of ...this province. The studied population was a rural and nomadic population of nine districts of Lorestan province, of which 1053 were selected according to the population of each studied county based on random sampling in 2016–2017. Initially, a questionnaire was completed for each person, including age, gender, education, occupation, use of local native aquatic plants and history of travel to the northern provinces of the country where fasciolosis has been reported mostly. Then, 5 ml blood samples were taken and the samples were evaluated as for anti-
Fasciola
specific antibodies using ELISA technique. Overall, 1053 individuals were participated, of which 28 (2.66%) were infected with fasciolosis and 18 positive cases were female. The highest infection rate was in the age group of 20–29 years (23%) followed by 30–39 years of age (22%). There was no significant difference between the rate of infection in terms of gender (
P
= 0.89), age (
P
= 0.15), travel history to the northern provinces of the country (
P
= 0.089), history of aquatic plant consumption called Balmak natively (
P
= 0.48), history of surface water consumption (springs, streams) (
P
= 0.18), and occupation (
P
= 0.43). Considering the results of current and previous studies it seems that the disease in the Lorestan province is expanding and new foci in different parts of the province are formed or are being formed. Therefore, the preventive measures, control and treatment should be taken in areas with parasites transmission.
The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare a fast-ELISA (F-ELISA) method versus standard-ELISA (S-ELISA) to diagnose human fasciolosis.
Serum samples were obtained from 35 individuals ...infected with fasciolosis, 27 infected with other parasitoses and 22 from healthy people. The samples were examined with S-ELISA (30-minute incubation periods) and F-ELISA (10-minute incubation periods) for total antibody response against fasciolosis.
The optimum conditions for S-ELISA and F-ELISA were respectively as follows: antigen 10 and 5 µg/mL, sera 1:500 dilution for both, peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-human IgG diluted 1:7000 and 1:10000. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 11.0. Cut-off vale for S-ELISA and F-ELISA was determined as 0.56 and 0.42, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity; positive, and negative predictive values were detected as 97.2%, 100%, 94.6%, and 95.6% for both tests.
Cut-off values, sensitivity, specificity, and other important parameters of the two evaluated tests determined that the F-ELISA method could be used with no detectable difference.
ABSTRACT Objective:To immunize rabbits with12 and16 kDa recombinant subunits of antigenB from Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) and measuring polyclonal antibody and humoral immune response ...usingELISA and gel diffusion.Methods:Two mentioned antigens were cloned and expressed in expression vector and purified by affinity chromatography.Four young rabbits were selected and challenged intradermally with yielded recombinant antigens.Rabbits’ sera were collected post infection and were tested usingELISA and gel diffusion for polyclonal antibody detection10 days after last injection.Results:The specific antibody against the recombinant peptides was efficiently produced within4 weeks post infection.Conclusions:Produced recombinants proteins could induce the immune response of the rabbits successfully. This process might improve the clarification of diagnosis and vaccination as regards hydatidosis.
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar is considered as a parasitic disease caused by the species of Leishmania donovani complex which is intracellular parasites. This systemic disease is endemic ...in some parts of provinces of Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of VL in Qom Province, central Iran using direct agglutination test (DAT). Overall, 1564 serum samples (800 males and 764 females) were collected from selected subjects by randomized cluster sampling in 2011-2012. Sera were tested and analyzed by DAT. Before sampling; a questionnaire was filled out for each case. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression for risk factors analysis. Of 1564 individuals, 53 cases (3.38%) showed Leishmania specific antibodies as follows: with 1:400 titer 16 cases (1.02%), with 1:800 titer 20 cases (1.27%), with 1:1600 titer 16 cases (1.02%) whereas only one subject (0.06%) showed titers of ≥ 1:3200. There was no significant association between VL seropositivity and gender, age group and occupation. Binary logistic regression showed that rural areas was 0.44 times at higher risk of infection than urban areas (OR= 0.44; %95 CI= 0.25- 0.78). Although the seroprevalence of VL is relatively low in Qom Province, yet due to the importance of the disease, the surveillance system should be monitored by health authorities.
Background: To find out different species of helminthes and blood/tissue pro-tozoan parasites of stray dogs and their potential role for transmission of zoonotic species to human in Mashhad, Khorasan ...Razavi Province, northeast Iran, during 2008-2009. Methods: Totally, 100 stray dogs were selected among Mashhad municipal collec-tion from different sites of the city. Internal organs were examined for any para-sites. Helminthes were identified based on morphological characteristics. Smears prepared from peripheral blood as well as liver, spleen and any skin lesion were stained by Giemsa and examined microscopically. Samples obtained from spleen were aseptically cultured in three culture media including NNN, Schneider’s Dro-sophila (HIMEDIA) and RPMI1640 (GIBCO) for isolation of Leishmania spp. The titer of anti-Leishmania and anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were measured by direct ag-glutination test (DAT) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), respectively. Results: 84% of dogs were infected at least with one species of intestinal hel-minthes. The species of parasites and rate of infection were as follows: Taenia hydatigena (61%), Dipylidium caninum (46%), Mesocestoides lineatus (19%), Echinococcus granulosus (10%), Toxascaris leonina (53%) and Toxocara canis (7%). Anti-Leishmania antibodies were detected by DAT in 8 dogs (8%) at 1:320 titers and higher. Forty seven dogs (47%) showed anti-Toxoplasma titer at 1:10 and 17 (17%) showed titer of ≥1:100. No blood parasites were found in prepared blood smears. Conclusion: The high rate of parasitic infection and presence of zoonotic species especially E. granulosus and T. canis emphasizes the risk of diseases spread in urban areas by stray dogs
Nowadays the Internet is the technological pedestal of organization in the information society and one of the main applications that the Internet offers is the Digital Library (DL). Each society, ...especially those that claim training of the public, predictably need implementation and endorsement these systems. The time of chalk and board is passed and the globalization and universal village demands a movement targeting to establish an information society. The university is said to be responsible for making "Human". In the era of information explosion, how can a university rely on a physical classroom, a tired teacher and some drowsy students listening to him? Internet "the sweet invention of man" is a bridge, between "slump" and "spurt". It is up to each authority in a university to design, employ, develop and evaluate a system embracing Internet, Multimedia, Network and so on to go parallel in modern era and to introduce the supreme system of E-learning in its program. Of different aspects of E-learning including computer networks, multimedia, search engines, electronic libraries, distance learning, and all that (Piskurich, 2003), most of the type 1 medical universities of Iran exploit, some how or another, all or some of them. These universities including Tehran, Iran, Shahid Beheshti, Mashhad, Isfahan, Tabriz, Shiraz, Ahwaz, and Kerman, at present encompass a powerful link with their audiences regarding digital libraries, search engine and authentic data bases. The present article is going to have a bird's eye view at various capacities of these universities in this regard.
On the continuation of sorting the puzzle of the situation of hydatid disease in Iran and considering that so far no survey was conducted in this context in Arak City, Markazi Province central Iran, ...the present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of human hydatidosis using AgB-ELISA test.Totally 578 serum samples randomly were collected from patients referred to hospitals and different health centers in the city and 3 nearby villages of Arak. All sera were examined by ELISA tests using AgB. Before sampling, a questionnaire was filled out for each case. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression for risk factors analysis. P
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