The rise of a patriarchal society has led to a prevalent perception of male superiority over women, which is reflected in the gender-based disparities within the deity system of China. However, in ...contrast to the situation in the Central Plains, the Lingnan region assigns a significant social status to women, as evidenced by the active worship of female deities. Among them, the Loong Mother stands out as a highly revered goddess in Lingnan’s mythology. This paper investigates the evolution of the Loong Mother’s deification from a mortal woman, and explores the varying religious principles of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism, as well as their influence on the veneration of female deities in Lingnan. Additionally, this paper analyzes the Loong Mother’s portrayal within civil society. Despite undergoing continuous transformation to cater to diverse religious traditions and societal needs, the goddess’s actions and functions ultimately reflect her creation and shaping by the community.
This article aims to create a dialogue between a painting (1667) by Shi Tao and a
bronze engraving by Vaenius and Brum (1672), two very different cultural sources. On the one
hand, from the ...perspective of semiotics and sociocultural analysis, we explores the expression
strategies of hermitage life in works of the 17th century; on the other hand, we analyze the
analogies and definitions between text and image
Mediante la comparación entre una pintura (1667) de Shi Tao y un grabado de bronce
de Vaenius y Brum (1672), dos corpus de fuentes culturales muy distintas, el presente artículo
pretende, por un lado, inquirir desde un análisis semiótico y sociocultural las estrategias
expresivas para la representación de la vida eremítica en las obras del siglo XVII; por otro lado,
indagar las analogías y disimilitudes entre texto e imagen
La relación entre texto e imagen constituye un tópico literario y un tema importante
en la cultura visual contemporánea. El presente artículo propone indagar las estrategias
representativas para la ...construcción de la identidad del sabio abstinente e inquirir las funciones
expresivas, las semejanzas y las diferencias entre texto e imagen mediante la comparación entre
una pintura (c. 1680-1689) de Shi Tao y un grabado de bronce de Vaenius y Brum (1672).
The relationship between text and image constitutes an important literary topic in
contemporary visual culture. This article proposes to investigate the representative strategies for
the construction of the identity of the abstinent sage and to inquire into the expressive functions,
similarities, and differences between text and image through a comparison between a painting (c.
1680-1689) by Shi Tao and a bronze engraving by Vaenius and Brum (1672).
•Two innovative multilayer composite plate elements are proposed.•Realization the modeling of substrate, adhesive layer and FRP sheet in one element.•Ability to analyze irregular ...structures.•Optimization of FRP tapering ends and strengthening forms.•Meeting the challenge of time integration and complex meshing in existing FE models.
The analysis of plates or slabs strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP), especially when it comes to geometric irregularity and the time-varying characteristics of adhesive, presents multi-faceted simulation, modeling and computational challenges. In this paper, two new multilayer composite plate elements are proposed to model and analyze FRP-strengthened slabs, aiming at meeting these challenges with efficiency. The novelty relies on that the innovative elements realize the modeling of substrate, adhesive layer and FRP sheet in one “macroscopic” element rather than modeling each component by separate elements. One of them is capable of emulating geometric irregular structures while the other has better accuracy, and the flexible combination of them can be used to achieve accurate simulation and calculation of various strengthening systems. Another novelty is the extension of the study from elastic to viscoelastic by introducing an appropriate rheological interface and correspondence principle. The consistency with literature verifies the correctness of the proposed elements, subsequently, they were used to investigate the influence of the FRP tapering ends and strengthening forms on the reinforcement effectiveness. It is found that the proposed method is convenient to predict the short/long term mechanical behavior of FRP strengthened slabs with accuracy and computational efficiency, thus contributing to the design and optimization of the strengthening system.
•A multi-scale viscoelastic framework for FRP-strengthened beams is established.•The viscoelasticity of FRP and adhesive layer is included from different scales.•Meeting the challenge of time ...integration and complex meshing in existing FE models.•Providing a robust tool for design and maintenance of FRP-strengthened beams.
A multiscale framework with an elastic reinforced concrete (RC) beam bonded to a fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) plate (connected by an adhesive layer with viscoelastic properties) is established in this research; this framework is proved to be fast and efficient in avoiding time integration and complex meshing in existing FE models. The FRP plate is composed of elastic fibers and surrounded by viscoelastic polymers whose effective properties are generated by the locally exact homogenization theory. According to the correspondence principle, the viscoelasticity problem can be solved in the Laplace domain as an elasticity problem. This leads to solutions that can be transformed back to the time domain through Zakian's numerical method. To validate the present method, comparisons with the simulations reported in literature are presented. The effects of cracks, prestress in FRP plates, microscale fiber content, and temperature on the long-term behavior of FRP-strengthened RC beams are effectively investigated using the present method. Through the recovery of stress relaxation within the adhesive layer, the present technique is found capable of conveniently predicting the long-term behavior of FRP-strengthened RC beams, providing a robust tool for structural design and maintenance.
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The static, dynamic, and buckling behavior of partial interaction composite members is investigated in this paper by taking into account for the influences of rotary inertia and shear deformations. ...The governing differential equations obtained are very comprehensive, covering and extending the current models for the problems that are based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The analytical solutions of the deflection are then found for the beam with uniformly distributing load under common boundary conditions. The free vibration and buckling behavior are also studied and the analytical expressions of the frequencies of the simply supported beam are obtained explicitly, as are the buckling loads. For other boundary conditions, the eigen-equations are transcendental and thus some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effects of the shear deformation and rotary inertia on the resonant frequencies and buckling loads.
The locally-exact homogenization theory for unidirectional periodic composites with imperfect interfaces is generalized to estimate the effective complex moduli of viscoelastic composites in the ...frequency domain and recover corresponding localized stress distributions. In order to avoid complex mesh discretization, the Trefftz concept is adopted to obtain the analytical expression of internal displacements and stresses of representative unit cells by directly solving elastic partial differential equations. Physical coating and linear cohesive spring models are implemented at the interface between fibers and matrix. Besides, we also prove that the two imperfect interface models are equivalent under specified viscoelastic conditions. Comparisons against simulations available in the literature are given to validate the present method where good agreement is generally obtained. The effects of phase volume fraction, coating thickness and interfacial stiffness on five independent elastic constants are effectively investigated using the present models, further the local stress distributions within unit cells are presented to illustrate the effect of imperfect interfaces on material properties. Finally, the free vibration of Euler beams composed of unidirectional composites are studied through multiscale simulations to demonstrate importance of aforementioned microstructural parameters on damping of structural vibration, offering guideline for the structural and material design of aircrafts and satellites.
Orbital observations suggest that Mars underwent a recent 'ice age' (roughly 0.4-2.1 million years ago), during which a latitude-dependent ice-dust mantle (LDM)
was emplaced. A subsequent decrease in ...obliquity amplitude resulted in the emergence of an 'interglacial period'
during which the lowermost latitude LDM ice
was etched and removed, returning it to the polar cap. These observations are consistent with polar cap stratigraphy
, but lower- to mid-latitude in situ surface observations in support of a glacial-interglacial transition that can be reconciled with mesoscale and global atmospheric circulation models
is lacking. Here we present a suite of measurements obtained by the Zhurong rover during its traverse across the southern LDM region in Utopia Planitia, Mars. We find evidence for a stratigraphic sequence involving initial barchan dune formation, indicative of north-easterly winds, cementation of dune sediments, followed by their erosion by north-westerly winds, eroding the barchan dunes and producing distinctive longitudinal dunes, with the transition in wind regime consistent with the end of the ice age. The results are compatible with the Martian polar stratigraphic record and will help improve our understanding of the ancient climate history of Mars
.
