We report the discovery and analysis of a very strong magnetic field in the rapidly rotating early B-type star HR 5907, based on observations obtained as part of the Magnetism in Massive Stars ...(MiMeS) project. We infer a rotation period of 0.508 276+0.000 015
−0.000 012 d from photometric and Hα EW measurements, making this the shortest period, non-degenerate, magnetic massive star known to date. From the comparison of IUE UV and optical spectroscopy with LTE bruce/kylie models we find a solid-angle integrated, uniform black-body temperature of 17 000 ± 1000 K, a projected rotational velocity of 290 ± 10 km s−1, an equatorial radius of 3.1 ± 0.2 R⊙, a stellar mass of 5.5 ± 0.5 M⊙, and an inclination angle of the rotation axis to our line-of-sight of 70 ± 10°. Our measurements of the longitudinal magnetic field, which vary between −500 and −2000 G, phase coherently with the rotation period and imply a surface dipole field strength of ∼15.7 kG. On the other hand, from fits to mean Least-Squares Deconvolved Stokes V line profiles we infer a dipole field strength of ∼10.4 kG. This disagreement may result from a magnetic configuration more complex than our model, and/or from the non-uniform helium surface abundance distribution. In either case we obtain a magnetic obliquity nearly aligned with the rotation axis (
). Our optical spectroscopy also shows weak variability in carbon, silicon and nitrogen lines. The emission variability in hydrogen Balmer and Paschen lines indicates the presence of a dense, highly structured magnetosphere, interpreted as a centrifugally supported, magnetically confined circumstellar disc.
Long sediment cores recovered from the deep portions of Lake Titicaca are used to reconstruct the precipitation history of tropical South America for the past 25,000 years. Lake Titicaca was a deep, ...fresh, and continuously overflowing lake during the last glacial stage, from before 25,000 to 15,000 calibrated years before the present (cal yr B.P.), signifying that during the last glacial maximum (LGM), the Altiplano of Bolivia and Peru and much of the Amazon basin were wetter than today. The LGM in this part of the Andes is dated at 21,000 cal yr B.P., approximately coincident with the global LGM. Maximum aridity and lowest lake level occurred in the early and middle Holocene (8000 to 5500 cal yr B.P.) during a time of low summer insolation. Today, rising levels of Lake Titicaca and wet conditions in Amazonia are correlated with anomalously cold sea-surface temperatures in the northern equatorial Atlantic. Likewise, during the deglacial and Holocene periods, there were several millennial-scale wet phases on the Altiplano and in Amazonia that coincided with anomalously cold periods in the equatorial and high-latitude North Atlantic, such as the Younger Dryas.
The associations of cytogenetics with complete remission (CR) rates, overall survival (OS), and outcomes after CR were studied in 609 previously untreated AML patients younger than 56 years old in a ...clinical trial comparing 3 intensive postremission therapies: intensive chemotherapy, autologous transplantation (ABMT), or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (alloBMT) from matched related donors. Patients were categorized into favorable, intermediate, unfavorable, and unknown cytogenetic risk groups based on pretreatment karyotypes. CR rates varied significantly (P < .0001) among the 4 groups: favorable, 84% (95% confidence interval CI, 77%-90%); intermediate, 76% (CI, 71%-81%); unfavorable, 55% (CI, 48%-63%); and unknown, 54% (CI, 33%-74%). There was similar significant heterogeneity of OS (P < .0001), with the estimated relative risk of death from any cause being 1.50 (CI, 1.10-2.05), 3.33 (CI, 2.43-4.55), and 2.66 (CI, 1.59-4.45) for the intermediate, unfavorable, and unknown risk groups, respectively, compared with the favorable group. In multivariate analyses, the effects of cytogenetic risk status on CR rate and OS could not be explained by other patient or disease characteristics. Among postremission patients, survival from CR varied significantly among favorable, intermediate, and unfavorable groups (P = .0003), with significant evidence of interaction (P = .017) between the effects of treatment and cytogenetic risk status on survival. Patients with favorable cytogenetics did significantly better following ABMT and alloBMT than with chemotherapy alone, whereas patients with unfavorable cytogenetics did better with alloBMT. Cytogenetic risk status is a significant factor in predicting response of AML patients to therapy; however, to tighten treatment correlates within genetically defined AML subsets, a significantly larger leukemia cytogenetic database is warranted.
Description of the NIF Laser Spaeth, M. L.; Manes, K. R.; Kalantar, D. H. ...
Fusion science and technology,
02/2016, Letnik:
69, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The possibility of imploding small capsules to produce mini-fusion explosions was explored soon after the first thermonuclear explosions in the early 1950s. Various technologies have been pursued to ...achieve the focused power and energy required for laboratory-scale fusion. Each technology has its own challenges. For example, electron and ion beams can deliver the large amounts of energy but must contend with Coulomb repulsion forces that make focusing these beams a daunting challenge. The demonstration of the first laser in 1960 provided a new option. Energy from laser beams can be focused and deposited within a small volume; the challenge became whether a practical laser system can be constructed that delivers the power and energy required while meeting all other demands for achieving a high-density, symmetric implosion. The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is the laser designed and built to meet the challenges for study of high-energy-density physics and inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions. This paper describes the architecture, systems, and subsystems of NIF. It describes how they partner with each other to meet these new, complex demands and describes how laser science and technology were woven together to bring NIF into reality.
Background The Behavior Problems Inventory‐01 (BPI‐01) is an informant‐based behaviour rating instrument that was designed to assess maladaptive behaviours in individuals with intellectual ...disabilities (ID). Its items fall into one of three sub‐scales: Self‐injurious Behavior (14 items), Stereotyped Behavior (24 items), and Aggressive/Destructive Behavior (11 items). Each item is rated on a frequency scale (0 = never to 4 = hourly), and a severity scale (0 = no problem to 3 = severe problem). The BPI‐01 has been successfully used in several studies and has shown acceptable to very good psychometric properties. One concern raised by some investigators was the large number of items on the BPI‐01, whichhas reduced its user friendliness for certain applications. Furthermore, researchers and clinicians were often uncertain how to interpret their BPI‐01 data without norms or a frame of reference.
Methods The Behavior Problems Inventory‐Short Form (BPI‐S) was empirically developed, based on an aggregated archival data set of BPI‐01 data from individuals with ID from nine locations in the USA, Wales, England, the Netherlands, and Romania (n = 1122). The BPI‐S uses the same rating system and the same three sub‐scales as the BPI‐01, but has fewer items: Self‐injurious Behavior (8 items), Stereotyped Behavior (12 items), and Aggressive/Destructive Behavior (10 items). Rating anchors for the severity scales of the Self‐injurious Behavior and the Aggressive/Destructive Behavior sub‐scales were added in an effort to enhance the objectivity of the ratings.
Results The sensitivity of the BPI‐S compared with the BPI‐01 was high (0.92 to 0.99), and so were the correlations between the analogous BPI‐01 and the BPI‐S sub‐scales (0.96 to 0.99). Means and standard deviations were generated for both BPI versions in a Sex‐by‐age matrix, and in a Sex‐by‐ID Level matrix. Combined sex ranges are also provided by age and level of ID.
Conclusion In summary, the BPI‐S is a very useful alternative to the BPI‐01, especially for research and evaluation purposes involving groups of individuals.
Background The Behavior Problems Inventory‐01 (BPI‐01) is an informant‐based behaviour rating instrument for intellectual disabilities (ID) with 49 items and three sub‐scales: Self‐injurious ...Behavior, Stereotyped Behavior and Aggressive/Destructive Behavior. The Behavior Problems Inventory‐Short Form (BPI‐S) is a BPI‐01 spin‐off with 30 items.
Methods The psychometric properties of these two versions of the scale were computed using aggregated archival data from nine different sites in the USA, Wales, England, the Netherlands and Romania with a total of 1122 cases with a BPI‐01 total score >0.
Results The internal consistency of the BPI‐01 and the BPI‐S ranged from fair to excellent with the BPI‐01 showing slightly stronger reliability. Construct validity (confirmatory and discriminant) was computed by comparing BPI sub‐scale scores with the scores of four other behaviour rating scales (the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, the Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped‐II, the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form and the Inventory for Client and Agency Planning). Strong evidence for confirmatory and discriminant validity was found for both the BPI‐01 and the BPI‐S. Confirmatory fit indices for the BPI and the BPI‐S were comparable and suggesting that the factor structures fit the data well.
Conclusion In summary, both BPI versions were found to be equally sound psychometrically and can be endorsed for future use. However, independent future studies are needed to replicate the psychometrics of the BPI‐S with new data.
Glaciation in the humid tropical Andes is a sensitive indicator of mean annual temperature. Here, we present sedimentological data from lakes beyond the glacial limit in the tropical Andes indicating ...that deglaciation from the Last Glacial Maximum led substantial warming at high northern latitudes. Deglaciation from glacial maximum positions at Lake Titicaca, Peru/Bolivia (16°S), and Lake Junin, Peru (11°S), occurred 22,000 to 19,500 calendar years before the present, several thousand years before the Bølling-Allerød warming of the Northern Hemisphere and deglaciation of the Sierra Nevada, United States (36.5° to 38°N). The tropical Andes deglaciated while climatic conditions remained regionally wet, which reflects the dominant control of mean annual temperature on tropical glaciation.
Neutrophil granulocytes have a short lifespan, with their survival limited by a constitutive program of apoptosis. Acceleration of neutrophil apoptosis following ligation of the Fas death receptor is ...well-documented and TNF-alpha also has a transient proapoptotic effect. We have studied the role of the death receptor ligand TRAIL in human neutrophils. We identified the presence of mRNAs for TRAIL, TRAIL-R2, and TRAIL-R3, and cell surface expression of TRAIL-R2 and -R3 in neutrophil populations. Neutrophil apoptosis is specifically accelerated by exposure to a leucine zipper-tagged form of TRAIL, which mimics cell surface TRAIL. Using blocking Abs to TRAIL receptors, specifically TRAIL-R2, and a TRAIL-R1:FcR fusion protein, we have excluded a role for TRAIL in regulating constitutive neutrophil apoptosis. No additional proapoptotic effect of leucine zipper TRAIL was identified following TRAIL treatment of neutrophils in the presence of gliotoxin, an inhibitor of NF-kappaB, suggesting TRAIL does not activate NF-kappaB in human neutrophils. TRAIL treatment of human neutrophils did not induce a chemotactic response. The susceptibility of neutrophils to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis suggests a role for TRAIL in the regulation of inflammation and may provide a mechanism for clearance of neutrophils from sites of inflammation.
MUSCAT is a new large-format 1.1 mm continuum camera for local and extra-galactic astronomy currently being installed at the 50 m Large Millimetre Telescope Alfonso Serrano, LMT. The focal plane is ...populated with 1458 feedhorn coupled Aluminium LEKIDs, cooled to 130 mk, and read out with 6 frequency division multiplexed RF readout chains, each with a 500 MHz bandwidth. The nominal mux ratio is
∼
250 resonators per chain with an average spacing of 2 MHz between resonators. In each RF chain, the multiplexed waveform generation/decomposition is performed with the BLAST-TNG firmware on a ROACH2 FPGA board with a MUSIC DAC/ADC. The quadrature modulated IF signals are mixed to and from the LEKID readout band on a custom card that houses IQ mixers, a programmable synthesizer, and additional programmable input and output gain control and filtering. Within the cryostat, the RF signals are attenuated prior to reaching the focal plane array and then amplified at 4K. A novel software system controls all the programmable hardware and handles instructions from the LMT instrument control system to record and store observation data, as well as performing automated resonator retuning and providing results of quick look analysis to the telescope operators. In this paper, we present the detailed design and in-lab performance of the cryogenic and room temperature electronics, and the software control system.
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